{"id":92276,"date":"2020-11-23T10:12:28","date_gmt":"2020-11-23T09:12:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=92276"},"modified":"2020-11-23T10:12:47","modified_gmt":"2020-11-23T09:12:47","slug":"lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes, Pacifique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, les ministres des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l\u2019Union se r\u00e9unissent en Conseil par visioconf\u00e9rence. Ils aborderont notamment les relations entre l\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes et Pacifique (ACP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u00c0 l\u2019ordre du jour&#160;:<\/strong>&nbsp;l\u2019all\u00e8gement de la dette des pays mis en difficult\u00e9 par la crise du Covid-19, l\u2019investissement dans les pays ACP et le suivi de l\u2019accord post-Cotonou.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Trois types de dettes, trois propositions&nbsp;<\/strong>&#160;: \u202fun moratoire pour la dette publique bilat\u00e9rale et multilat\u00e9rale, une restructuration et une titrisation pour la dette commerciale priv\u00e9e ext\u00e9rieure, une op\u00e9ration de refinancement port\u00e9e par les banques centrales pour la dette int\u00e9rieure. Lire plus dans la note pour l\u2019action d\u2019Olivier Vall\u00e9e et Alexandre Pointier, en&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lldl.us14.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u=10762824cc6c812ec1f389f08&amp;id=30ecb32750&amp;e=f9b412825a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fran\u00e7ais<\/a>&nbsp;ou en&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lldl.us14.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u=10762824cc6c812ec1f389f08&amp;id=4339346acb&amp;e=f9b412825a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">anglais<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/lUTka\/3\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>L\u2019Accord de Cotonou sign\u00e9 en 2000<\/strong>, qui fixait le cadre g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des relations entre l\u2019Union et les pays ACP, arrive en effet \u00e0 expiration en 2020. Les n\u00e9gociations sont en cours depuis l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2018 pour fixer un cadre renouvel\u00e9 de la coop\u00e9ration Union-ACP.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-92276' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-92276' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2018\/06\/24\/sommet-de-lunion-africaine-des-changements-en-perspective\/?mc_cid=7b5e9cdee6&amp;amp;mc_eid=f9b412825a&quot;&gt;Sommet de l\u2019Union Africaine, des changements en perspective&lt;\/a&gt;, Le Grand Continent, 24 juin 2018'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><li><strong>Alignement entre Europe de l\u2019Ouest et Europe de l\u2019Est<\/strong>.\u202f La volont\u00e9 de renforcer les relations Europe-Afrique, port\u00e9e en particulier par le Pr\u00e9sident fran\u00e7ais, pourrait se heurter aux diff\u00e9rences de points de vue et entre les histoires des vingt-sept \u00c9tats membres avec l\u2019Afrique.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Position fran\u00e7aise.<\/strong>\u00a0Interrog\u00e9 sur ce point dans son\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lldl.us14.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u=10762824cc6c812ec1f389f08&amp;id=b3ecbc223c&amp;e=f9b412825a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">entretien<\/a>\u00a0au <em>Grand Continent<\/em>, le Pr\u00e9sident fran\u00e7ais a d\u00e9clar\u00e9&#160;: \u00ab&#160; Je pense qu\u2019il faut engager l\u2019Europe de l\u2019Est \u00e0 plein dans cette politique. Et je pense que quand on le fait, cela marche tr\u00e8s bien. Je constate que plusieurs pays d\u2019Europe de l\u2019Est ou du Nord sont avec nous pour aider \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019Afrique. Notre meilleur partenaire au Mali, c\u2019est l\u2019Estonie, oui l\u2019Estonie\u202f&#160;\u00bb.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-92276' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-92276' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/16\/macron\/?mc_cid=7b5e9cdee6&amp;amp;mc_eid=f9b412825a&quot;&gt;La doctrine Macron&amp;#160;: une conversation avec le Pr\u00e9sident fran\u00e7ais,&lt;\/a&gt; Le Grand Continent, 16 novembre 2020'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Nota bene\u00a0<\/strong>&#160;:\u00a0Racisme et antiracisme en Europe&#160;: \u00ab&#160;la diff\u00e9rence la plus pertinente entre l\u2019Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard est simplement que l\u2019Europe a pratiqu\u00e9 ses formes les plus flagrantes de racisme anti-Noir \u2013 esclavage, colonialisme, s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation \u2013 par-del\u00e0 ses fronti\u00e8res, tandis que l\u2019Am\u00e9rique les int\u00e9riorisait. &#160;\u00bb. Apr\u00e8s les mobilisations du mouvement Black Lives Matter&#160;: Gary Young\u00a0d\u00e9crit\u00a0ce que l\u2019Am\u00e9rique noire signifie pour l\u2019Europe.<\/em>&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-92276' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-92276' title='YOUNG Gary, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/06\/12\/gary-younge-amerique-noire\/?mc_cid=7b5e9cdee6&amp;amp;mc_eid=f9b412825a&quot;&gt;Ce que l\u2019Am\u00e9rique noire signifie pour l\u2019Europe&lt;\/a&gt;, Le Grand Continent, 12 juin 2020'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, les ministres des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l\u2019Union se r\u00e9unissent en Conseil par visioconf\u00e9rence. Ils aborderont notamment les relations entre l\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes et Pacifique (ACP).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":175,"featured_media":92277,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1731],"tags":[2626,2627],"geo":[534],"class_list":["post-92276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politique","tag-acp","tag-cotonou","staff-le-grand-continent","geo-bulles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes, Pacifique | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes, Pacifique | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aujourd\u2019hui, les ministres des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l\u2019Union se r\u00e9unissent en Conseil par visioconf\u00e9rence. Ils aborderont notamment les relations entre l\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes et Pacifique (ACP).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-23T09:12:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-11-23T09:12:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/gc-acp.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"693\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Giovanni Collot\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/gc-acp.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Giovanni Collot\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/\",\"name\":\"L\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes, Pacifique | Le Grand Continent\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/gc-acp.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-23T09:12:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-23T09:12:47+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/953192c3de3c2331be3997745a2f12ef\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/gc-acp.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/gc-acp.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":693},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"L\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes, Pacifique\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Le Grand Continent\",\"description\":\"L&#039;\u00e9chelle pertinente\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/953192c3de3c2331be3997745a2f12ef\",\"name\":\"Giovanni Collot\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d93cac37237065a8de4498df3db60dde?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d93cac37237065a8de4498df3db60dde?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Giovanni Collot\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"L\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes, Pacifique | Le Grand Continent","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"L\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes, Pacifique | Le Grand Continent","og_description":"Aujourd\u2019hui, les ministres des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l\u2019Union se r\u00e9unissent en Conseil par visioconf\u00e9rence. Ils aborderont notamment les relations entre l\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes et Pacifique (ACP).","og_url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/","og_site_name":"Le Grand Continent","article_published_time":"2020-11-23T09:12:28+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-11-23T09:12:47+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":693,"url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/gc-acp.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Giovanni Collot","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_image":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/gc-acp.jpg","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Giovanni Collot","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/","url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/","name":"L\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes, Pacifique | Le Grand Continent","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/gc-acp.jpg","datePublished":"2020-11-23T09:12:28+00:00","dateModified":"2020-11-23T09:12:47+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/953192c3de3c2331be3997745a2f12ef"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/gc-acp.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/gc-acp.jpg","width":1200,"height":693},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/11\/23\/lunion-et-les-pays-dafrique-caraibes-pacifique\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"L\u2019Union et les pays d\u2019Afrique, Cara\u00efbes, Pacifique"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/","name":"Le Grand Continent","description":"L&#039;\u00e9chelle pertinente","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/953192c3de3c2331be3997745a2f12ef","name":"Giovanni Collot","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d93cac37237065a8de4498df3db60dde?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d93cac37237065a8de4498df3db60dde?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Giovanni Collot"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/175"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92276"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92276\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/92277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=92276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=92276"},{"taxonomy":"geo","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geo?post=92276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}