{"id":75643,"date":"2020-06-16T10:49:13","date_gmt":"2020-06-16T08:49:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=75643"},"modified":"2020-06-16T12:47:57","modified_gmt":"2020-06-16T10:47:57","slug":"crise-et-reforme-de-lunion-europeenne-lintegration-differenciee-est-elle-la-reponse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/06\/16\/crise-et-reforme-de-lunion-europeenne-lintegration-differenciee-est-elle-la-reponse\/","title":{"rendered":"Crise et r\u00e9forme de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. L\u2019int\u00e9gration diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e est-elle la r\u00e9ponse ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Il faut rassembler des donn\u00e9es h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8nes, des savoirs et des profils qui se parlent rarement pour donner forme, pendant la crise, au monde qui viendra apr\u00e8s. Le Groupe d\u2019\u00e9tudes g\u00e9opolitiques publie aujourd\u2019hui, dans le cadre des publications de l\u2019Observatoire g\u00e9opolitique du Covid-19<\/a>, sa quatri\u00e8me note de travail qui<\/em>, pour illustrer les difficult\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gration diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e, applique les principales connaissances th\u00e9oriques et empiriques tir\u00e9es d\u2019exp\u00e9riences pass\u00e9es d\u2019int\u00e9gration diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e, aux domaines de la politique de l\u2019Union les plus touch\u00e9s par la crise et faisant l\u2019objet d\u2019un besoin de r\u00e9forme : la zone euro, Schengen et le Brexit.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n

English version here<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Crise et r\u00e9forme de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. L\u2019int\u00e9gration diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e est-elle la r\u00e9ponse ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 renforce les crises d\u2019int\u00e9gration que l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne a connues au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie. Le choc asym\u00e9trique de la pand\u00e9mie exacerbe les \u00e9carts existants en mati\u00e8re de performance \u00e9conomique et de sant\u00e9 budg\u00e9taire entre les \u00c9tats membres du Nord et du Sud de l\u2019Europe et exerce de nouvelles pressions sur la coh\u00e9sion de la zone euro. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les fermetures unilat\u00e9rales des fronti\u00e8res en r\u00e9action \u00e0 la propagation du virus ont perturb\u00e9 l\u2019espace Schengen, dont la coh\u00e9rence avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 mise \u00e0 mal en 2015, par un accroissement des flux migratoires. Enfin, la pand\u00e9mie a frapp\u00e9 pendant la phase cruciale des n\u00e9gociations sur les relations \u00e9conomiques post-Brexit entre l\u2019Union et le Royaume-Uni. Le principe de \u00ab conditions de concurrence \u00e9quitables \u00bb au coeur du march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur n\u2019est pas seulement mis \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve, mais il est \u00e9galement menac\u00e9 par la suspension des r\u00e8gles de l\u2019Union en mati\u00e8re d\u2019aides d\u2019\u00c9tat. Dans tous ces domaines touch\u00e9s par la crise, les r\u00e9formes \u00e9taient dans l\u2019impasse avant la pand\u00e9mie – la question est de savoir si le choc du Covid-19 d\u00e9bloquera les n\u00e9gociations ou r\u00e9duira davantage la marge de manoeuvre pour les accords \u00e0 venir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une Union de plus en plus h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne et contest\u00e9e, l\u2019int\u00e9gration diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e a consid\u00e9rablement facilit\u00e9 l\u2019approfondissement et l\u2019\u00e9largissement de l\u2019int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement efficace pour lancer l\u2019int\u00e9gration de nouvelles politiques et l\u2019admission de nouveaux \u00c9tats membres. La diff\u00e9renciation est toutefois moins adapt\u00e9e pour relever les principaux d\u00e9fis actuels de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne : la r\u00e9vision et la r\u00e9forme des politiques hautement int\u00e9gr\u00e9es qui sont en crise. Pour illustrer les difficult\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gration diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e, cette note applique les principales connaissances th\u00e9oriques et empiriques tir\u00e9es d\u2019exp\u00e9riences pass\u00e9es d\u2019int\u00e9gration diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e, aux domaines de la politique de l\u2019Union les plus touch\u00e9s par la crise et faisant l\u2019objet d\u2019un besoin de r\u00e9forme : la zone euro, Schengen et le Brexit. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 renforce les crises d\u2019int\u00e9gration que l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne a connues au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie. Le choc asym\u00e9trique de la pand\u00e9mie exacerbe les \u00e9carts existants en mati\u00e8re de performance \u00e9conomique et de sant\u00e9 budg\u00e9taire entre les \u00c9tats membres du Nord et du Sud de l\u2019Europe et exerce de nouvelles pressions sur la coh\u00e9sion de la zone euro. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":75700,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-angles.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1731],"tags":[],"staff":[2432],"editorial_format":[4944],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[],"class_list":["post-75643","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politique","staff-frank-schimmelfennig","editorial_format-actu-longues"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false,"_thumbnail_id":75700,"excerpt":"La pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 renforce les crises d\u2019int\u00e9gration que l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne a connues au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie. Le choc asym\u00e9trique de la pand\u00e9mie exacerbe les \u00e9carts existants en mati\u00e8re de performance \u00e9conomique et de sant\u00e9 budg\u00e9taire entre les \u00c9tats membres du Nord et du Sud de l\u2019Europe et exerce de nouvelles pressions sur la coh\u00e9sion de la zone euro. ","display_date":"","new_abstract":true},"yoast_head":"\nCrise et r\u00e9forme de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. L\u2019int\u00e9gration diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e est-elle la r\u00e9ponse ? | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/06\/16\/crise-et-reforme-de-lunion-europeenne-lintegration-differenciee-est-elle-la-reponse\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Crise et r\u00e9forme de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. 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Le choc asym\u00e9trique de la pand\u00e9mie exacerbe les \u00e9carts existants en mati\u00e8re de performance \u00e9conomique et de sant\u00e9 budg\u00e9taire entre les \u00c9tats membres du Nord et du Sud de l\u2019Europe et exerce de nouvelles pressions sur la coh\u00e9sion de la zone euro.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/06\/16\/crise-et-reforme-de-lunion-europeenne-lintegration-differenciee-est-elle-la-reponse\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-06-16T08:49:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-06-16T10:47:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/06\/gc-rapports5twitter.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2100\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ramona Bloj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/06\/gc-rapports5twitter.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ramona Bloj\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/06\/16\/crise-et-reforme-de-lunion-europeenne-lintegration-differenciee-est-elle-la-reponse\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2020\/06\/16\/crise-et-reforme-de-lunion-europeenne-lintegration-differenciee-est-elle-la-reponse\/\",\"name\":\"Crise et r\u00e9forme de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. 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