{"id":6979,"date":"2018-08-12T22:00:56","date_gmt":"2018-08-12T20:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lldl.eu\/?p=6979"},"modified":"2019-04-07T20:18:12","modified_gmt":"2019-04-07T18:18:12","slug":"le-cinquieme-sommet-des-etats-cotiers-de-la-caspienne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2018\/08\/12\/le-cinquieme-sommet-des-etats-cotiers-de-la-caspienne\/","title":{"rendered":"Le cinqui\u00e8me sommet des \u00c9tats c\u00f4tiers de la Caspienne"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Aktau. <\/em>Honorant l\u2019invitation du Pr\u00e9sident kazakh Nursultan Nazarbayev, le pr\u00e9sident iranien Hassan Rohani a assist\u00e9, les 10 et 11 ao\u00fbt 2018, au cinqui\u00e8me sommet des \u00c9tats c\u00f4tiers de la mer Caspienne, en pr\u00e9sence des dirigeants az\u00e9ri, kazakh, russe, et turkm\u00e8ne. La signature d\u2019un accord sur la d\u00e9finition du statut de la mer Caspienne est d\u2019une importance capitale pour T\u00e9h\u00e9ran \u00e0 l\u2019heure du retour des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La d\u00e9finition du statut de la mer Caspienne, en tant que \u201cmer\u201d, ou tant que \u201clac\u201d, est un sujet de d\u00e9saccord et de tensions (<strong>2<\/strong>) entre ces cinq pays frontaliers (Azerba\u00efdjan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russie et Turkm\u00e9nistan) depuis la chute de l\u2019URSS en 1991. Un accord sur son statut l\u00e8verait l\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 sur sa r\u00e9partition territoriale et ouvrirait pleinement l\u2019exploitation de ses quelques 48 milliards de barils de brut et ses 8 300 milliards de m\u00e8tres cubes de r\u00e9serves de gaz prouv\u00e9es et probables (<strong>4<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, qui exploite d\u00e9j\u00e0 son littoral caspien pour en extraire des ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques comme pour y p\u00eacher l\u2019esturgeon et y cultiver le caviar, cet accord pourrait constituer l\u2019un des rouages de sa strat\u00e9gie contre le retour des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines sur ses exportations de p\u00e9trole et de gaz le 4 novembre 2018. \u00c0 long terme et sous r\u00e9serve de la construction des infrastructures n\u00e9cessaires, une exploitation iranienne plus intense des ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques de la mer Caspienne pourrait progressivement compenser une r\u00e9duction de ses exportations de gaz et de brut du Golfe Persique. Ainsi, la menace d\u2019une fermeture du d\u00e9troit d\u2019Ormuz d\u00e9j\u00e0 prof\u00e9r\u00e9e par Hassan Rohani en juillet dernier para\u00eetrait plus cr\u00e9dible (<strong>3<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais les r\u00e9verb\u00e9rations d\u2019un tel accord ne se limiteraient pas seulement \u00e0 la zone centre-asiatique. En effet, l\u2019accord actuel reprend une proposition faite en 2003 par le Kazakhstan qui d\u00e9finit juridiquement la surface de la mer Caspienne comme un \u201clac\u201d et ses sous-sols comme une \u201cmer\u201d, permettant une libre circulation \u00e0 sa surface, sans faire obstruction \u00e0 la construction d\u2019ol\u00e9oducs sous-marins. Ainsi, la construction d\u2019un tron\u00e7on de raccordement entre la mer Caspienne et l\u2019ol\u00e9oduc trans-adriatique a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 planifi\u00e9e (<strong>1<\/strong>), qui permettrait \u00e0 l\u2019Union de diversifier son approvisionnement gazier et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer sa strat\u00e9gie en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Perspectives&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Fin ao\u00fbt&#160;: rencontre pr\u00e9vue d\u2019Hassan Rohani avec les dirigeants des 5 pays restants dans le JCPOA (Allemagne, Chine, France, Russie, Royaume-Uni) (<strong>4<\/strong>).<\/li><li>4 novembre&#160;: retour des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la Banque Centrale Iranienne (BCI), des exportations de gaz et de brut iranien.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sources&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>COHEN Ariel, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/arielcohen\/2018\/08\/09\/exxon-and-chevron-hope-to-cash-in-after-new-caspian-summit\/#3afb66d23119\">Exxon And Chevron Hope To Cash In After New Caspian Summit, <em>Forbes<\/em><\/a>, 09.08.2018.<\/li><li>CZARNES Renaud, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/24\/08\/2001\/LesEchos\/18473-042-ECH_petrole-de-la-caspienne---l-iran-et-l-azerbaidjan-tentent-de-desamorcer-la-crise.htm#\">P\u00e9trole de la Caspienne&#160;: l&rsquo;Iran et l&rsquo;Azerba\u00efdjan tentent de d\u00e9samorcer la crise<\/a>, <em>Les Echos<\/em>, 24.08.2001.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.isna.ir\/news\/97051608499\/Talks-concurrent-with-sanctions-meaningless\">Talks concurrent with sanctions meaningless<\/a>, Iranian Students\u2019 News Agency, 07.08.2018.<\/li><li>KAMALI DEHGHAN Saeed, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/jul\/05\/iran-retaliate-us-oil-threats-eu-visit-hassan-rouhani-trump\">Iran threatens to block Strait of Hormuz over US oil sanctions<\/a>, <em>The Guardian<\/em>, 05.07.2018<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tap-ag.com\/the-pipeline\/the-big-picture\/southern-gas-corridor\">Southern gas corridor<\/a>, Trans adriatic pipeline, 2018.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pour approfondir <\/strong>&#160;:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>RADVANYI Jean, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.monde-diplomatique.fr\/publications\/l_atlas_un_monde_a_l_envers\/a53858\">Caspienne, une mer ferm\u00e9e, un \u00ab&#160;grand jeu&#160;\u00bb ouvert<\/a>, L\u2019Atlas Un monde \u00e0 l\u2019envers, <em>Le Monde Diplomatique<\/em>, 2009, p. 106-107.<\/li><li>EUDELINE Hugues, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-outre-terre1-2010-2-page-393.htm?1=1&amp;DocId=332365&amp;hits=2970+2969+2968+2967+2966+2964+2962+17+9+8+7+6+5+3+1+\">Bloquer le d\u00e9troit d\u2019Ormuz&#160;: menace r\u00e9elle ou rodomontades&#160;?<\/a>\u201d, <em>Outre-terre<\/em> n\u00b0 25-26, p.393-401.<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr\/dossiers\/d000091-mer-caspienne-enjeux-petroliers\">Mer Caspienne&#160;: enjeux p\u00e9troliers<\/a>, <em>La documentation fran\u00e7aise<\/em>, 03.08.2005.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La tenue du cinqui\u00e8me sommet des \u00e9tats c\u00f4tiers de la mer Caspienne ce weekend \u00e0 Aktau ouvre de nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, de plus en plus press\u00e9e par la perspective du retour des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines sur ses exportations d\u2019hydrocarbures.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1731],"tags":[],"staff":[1594],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[530],"class_list":["post-6979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politique","staff-augustin-plard","geo-asie-intermediaire"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le cinqui\u00e8me sommet des \u00c9tats c\u00f4tiers de la Caspienne | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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