{"id":5355,"date":"2018-07-08T22:00:26","date_gmt":"2018-07-08T20:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lldl.eu\/?p=5355"},"modified":"2019-05-23T16:11:26","modified_gmt":"2019-05-23T14:11:26","slug":"le-modele-australien-des-centres-de-detention-offshore-pour-les-demandeurs-dasile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2018\/07\/08\/le-modele-australien-des-centres-de-detention-offshore-pour-les-demandeurs-dasile\/","title":{"rendered":"Le mod\u00e8le australien des centres de d\u00e9tention offshore pour les demandeurs d\u2019asile"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Canberra<\/em>. Dans le contexte des d\u00e9bats sur la r\u00e9forme du droit d\u2019asile europ\u00e9en, l\u2019id\u00e9e de b\u00e2tir des centres d\u2019identification et de d\u00e9tention <em>offshore<\/em> a r\u00e9\u00e9merg\u00e9, s\u2019inspirant du syst\u00e8me australien. Par cons\u00e9quent, une analyse en profondeur du syst\u00e8me australien permettrait de comprendre s&rsquo;il pourrait \u00eatre transf\u00e9r\u00e9 en Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les centres de d\u00e9tention offshore australiens furent cr\u00e9\u00e9s en 2001 et plac\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur des fronti\u00e8res afin d\u2019emp\u00eacher les demandeurs d\u2019asile d\u2019atteindre les c\u00f4tes australiennes. Cette m\u00e9thode, employ\u00e9e par le gouvernement australien afin de faire cesser l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des demandeurs d\u2019asile par voie maritime, repr\u00e9sente l\u2019un des programmes les plus controvers\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire de la lutte contre l\u2019immigration ill\u00e9gale (<strong>1<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Depuis 17 ans, ces centres ont tour \u00e0 tour \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9s puis rouverts selon l\u2019impulsion de la politique migratoire du gouvernement. Depuis la r\u00e9ouverture des centres de Nauru et de Manus Island en 2012 et depuis la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019Op\u00e9ration Fronti\u00e8res Souveraines (Operation Sovereign Borders, OSB) en 2013, les conditions de vie difficiles des demandeurs d\u2019asile, notamment des femmes et des enfants, dans les centres de d\u00e9tention furent beaucoup observ\u00e9es et comment\u00e9es (<strong>4<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le haut-commissaire aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s des Nations Unies n\u2019a pas retenu ses critiques contre la gestion australienne des centres de d\u00e9tention offshore \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re des nombreux faits divers impliquant violence physique et psychologique \u00e0 l\u2019encontre les demandeurs d\u2019asile (<strong>2<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 2017, l\u2019Australie a d\u00fb accepter la fermeture du centre de d\u00e9tention de Manus Island \u00e0 cause de la d\u00e9cision de la cour supr\u00eame de Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e qui a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le centre anticonstitutionnel (<strong>3<\/strong>). Cette d\u00e9cision a pouss\u00e9 l\u2019Australie a trouver une solution pour relocaliser les demandeurs d\u2019asile sur le territoire, mais le gouvernement a refus\u00e9 de d\u00e9placer les demandeurs d\u2019asile et a sign\u00e9 un accord d\u2019\u00ab&#160;\u00e9change&#160;\u00bb de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis (<strong>6<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon les donn\u00e9es fournies par le gouvernement australien, 1 655 demandeurs d\u2019asile vivaient encore dans les centres de d\u00e9tention offshore en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e et \u00e0 Nauru en avril 2018. Seules 245 personnes \u00e9taient parties pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, ce qui est loin de suffire \u00e0 r\u00e9gler le probl\u00e8me (<strong>5<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Perspectives&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u2019accord avec les \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait permettre \u00e0 l\u2019Australie de trier les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en fonction de leur pays d\u2019origine. La plupart des demandeurs d\u2019asile se trouvant actuellement dans les centres de Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e et de Nauru sont originaires d\u2019Iran, du Pakistan, d\u2019Afghanistan ou du Sri Lanka ou se d\u00e9clarent apatrides.<\/li><li>Le ministre de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur Peter Dutton a fait montre d\u2019une position inflexible sur la politique migratoire en d\u00e9clarant qu\u2019exprimer de la compassion pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les centres de d\u00e9tention offshore pourrait faire augmenter le nombre de demandeurs d\u2019asile arrivant par bateau.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sources&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/programmes\/witness\/2017\/07\/chasing-asylum-australia-offshore-detention-centres-170731093905813.html\">Chasing Asylum&#160;: Australia&rsquo;s Offshore Detention Centres<\/a>, Al Jazeera, 17 ao\u00fbt 2017.<\/li><li>BUTLER Josh,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com.au\/2017\/07\/25\/all-the-times-the-un-has-slammed-australias-asylum-seeker-polic_a_23046469\/?guccounter=1\"> All The Times The UN Has Slammed Australia&rsquo;s Asylum Seeker Policy, HuffingtonPost<\/a>, 25 juillet 2017.<\/li><li>DAVIDSON Helen,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2017\/aug\/14\/manus-island-detention-centre-demolition-must-stop-detainees-lawyers\"> Manus Island detention centre demolition must stop \u2013 detainees&rsquo; lawyers<\/a>, The Guardian, 14 ao\u00fbt 2017.<\/li><li>DOHERTY Ben,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2017\/aug\/16\/australias-offshore-detention-centres-terrible-says-architect-of-system\"> Australia&rsquo;s offshore detention centres &lsquo;terrible&rsquo;, says architect of system,<\/a> 15 ao\u00fbt 2017.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.refugeecouncil.org.au\/getfacts\/statistics\/operation-sovereign-borders-offshore-detention-statistics\/\">Operation Sovereign Borders and offshore processing statistics,<\/a> Refugee Council of Australia, 28 juin 2018.<\/li><li>WINSOR Ben,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sbs.com.au\/news\/australia-us-deal-nauru-refugees-transferred-to-us\"> A group of about 22 refugees flies from Nauru to Los Angeles under the controversial Australian-US refugee deal, which has so far resettled about 100 refugees from Manus Island and Nauru,<\/a> SBS News, 11 f\u00e9vrier 2018.<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans le contexte d\u2019un d\u00e9bat renouvel\u00e9 sur la r\u00e9forme du droit d\u2019asile \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne, certaines propositions pour \u00e9laborer des centres d\u2019identification et de d\u00e9tention offshore se sont inspir\u00e9es du syst\u00e8me australien. Cependant, ces centres suscitent de vives inqui\u00e9tudes quant au respect des droits de l\u2019homme et aux controverses internationales qu\u2019ils engendrent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":0,"_lgc_tts_voice":"","_lgc_tts_publish":false,"_lgc_tts_history_item_id":"","_lgc_tts_generated_at":"","_lgc_tts_status":"","_lgc_tts_error":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"staff":[1607],"editorial_format":[4942],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[531],"class_list":["post-5355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","staff-chiara-de-lazzari","editorial_format-actu-breves","geo-chine"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false,"_thumbnail_id":"","excerpt":"Dans le contexte d\u2019un d\u00e9bat renouvel\u00e9 sur la r\u00e9forme du droit d\u2019asile \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne, certaines propositions pour \u00e9laborer des centres d\u2019identification et de d\u00e9tention offshore se sont inspir\u00e9es du syst\u00e8me australien. Cependant, ces centres suscitent de vives inqui\u00e9tudes quant au respect des droits de l\u2019homme et aux controverses internationales qu\u2019ils engendrent.","display_date":"","new_abstract":true},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le mod\u00e8le australien des centres de d\u00e9tention offshore pour les demandeurs d\u2019asile | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2018\/07\/08\/le-modele-australien-des-centres-de-detention-offshore-pour-les-demandeurs-dasile\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le mod\u00e8le australien des centres de d\u00e9tention offshore pour les demandeurs d\u2019asile | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans le contexte d\u2019un d\u00e9bat renouvel\u00e9 sur la r\u00e9forme du droit d\u2019asile \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne, certaines propositions pour \u00e9laborer des centres d\u2019identification et de d\u00e9tention offshore se sont inspir\u00e9es du syst\u00e8me australien. 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