{"id":50377,"date":"2019-10-25T13:19:37","date_gmt":"2019-10-25T11:19:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=50377"},"modified":"2019-10-26T19:34:08","modified_gmt":"2019-10-26T17:34:08","slug":"la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/","title":{"rendered":"La cause des protestations au Liban&#160;: l&rsquo;extr\u00eame in\u00e9galit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Beyrouth.<\/em><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong>Des protestations massives ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 jeudi 17 octobre dernier dans la capitale libanaise apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;annonce par le gouvernement de deux nouvelles mesures fiscales r\u00e9gressives &#8211; une taxe de 20 cents par jour sur les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques par Internet, y compris sur l&rsquo;application tr\u00e8s utilis\u00e9e WhatsApp, et un plan visant \u00e0 faire passer la taxe sur la valeur ajout\u00e9e de 11&#160;% \u00e0 15&#160;% d&rsquo;ici 2022. Ces mesures devaient s&rsquo;ajouter \u00e0 une longue liste de mesures d&rsquo;aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 adopt\u00e9es par le gouvernement l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re pour faire face \u00e0 la crise \u00e9conomique et financi\u00e8re actuelle du Liban. Le tarif des appels par Internet a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9voqu\u00e9 par la suite, mais cela n&rsquo;a pas suffi \u00e0 contenir les manifestations nationales qui ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les manifestations sont les plus importantes depuis les manifestations qui ont eu lieu en 2005 apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;assassinat de feu le Premier ministre Rafiq al-Hariri. Deuxi\u00e8mement, elles sont spontan\u00e9es et non dirig\u00e9es par des partis ou des dirigeants politiques. Troisi\u00e8mement, elles se sont r\u00e9pandues dans tout le Liban et ne se limitent pas seulement \u00e0 Beyrouth ou aux principales villes du pays. Quatri\u00e8mement, elles  ne sont pas sectaires&#160;: les manifestants ont critiqu\u00e9 les dirigeants politiques de leur propre communaut\u00e9, ce qui est sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-50377' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-50377' title='ASSOUAD Lydia, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/80133&quot;&gt;Mass Protests Have Taken Place in Lebanon Against the Political Class and Its Economic Policies&lt;\/a&gt;, Carnegie Middle East Center, 21 octobre 2019'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les protestations au Liban s&rsquo;expliquent en grande partie par les niveaux extr\u00eamement \u00e9lev\u00e9s d&rsquo;in\u00e9galit\u00e9 dans le pays. L&rsquo;examen des donn\u00e9es de recherches r\u00e9centes du World Inequality Lab&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-50377' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-50377' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/wid.world\/country\/lebanon\/&quot;&gt;World Inequality Database&lt;\/a&gt;, Lebanon'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> peut aider \u00e0 identifier la source du m\u00e9contentement qui est en train d&rsquo;exploser dans les rues du Liban&#160;: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Les 1&#160;% d&rsquo;adultes les plus riches re\u00e7oivent environ un quart du revenu national total, ce qui place le Liban parmi les pays les plus in\u00e9gaux du monde.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-50377' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-50377' title='ASSOUAD Lydia, &lt;a rel=&quot;noreferrer noopener&quot; href=&quot;http:\/\/wid.world\/document\/rethinking-lebanese-economic-miracle-extreme-concentration-income-wealth-lebanon-2005-2014-wid-world-working-paper-201713\/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Rethinking the Lebanese Economic Miracle&amp;#160;: The extreme concentration of income and wealth in Lebanon, 2005-2014,&lt;\/a&gt;\u00a0WID.world WorkingPaper\u00a0no\u00a02016\/17.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium\"\n    data-shadow=\"false\"\n    data-use-original-file=\"false\">\n    <a\n        data-pswp-src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/top1.png\"\n        class=\"inline-block gallery-item no-underline \"\n        data-pswp-width=\"1478\"\n        data-pswp-height=\"998\">\n                                        <picture>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/top1-330x223.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  374px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/top1-690x466.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  989px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/top1-990x668.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1319px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/top1-690x466.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1599px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/top1-990x668.png\"\r\n                media=\"(min-width: 1600px)\" \/>\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/top1-125x84.png\" \/>\r\n        <\/picture>\r\n                            \n            <\/a>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>2. Pendant ce temps, les 50&#160;% les plus pauvres de la population se retrouvent avec 10&#160;% du revenu national total. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium\"\n    data-shadow=\"false\"\n    data-use-original-file=\"false\">\n    <a\n        data-pswp-src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/bottom50.png\"\n        class=\"inline-block gallery-item no-underline \"\n        data-pswp-width=\"1478\"\n        data-pswp-height=\"997\">\n                                        <picture>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/bottom50-330x223.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  374px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/bottom50-690x465.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  989px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/bottom50-990x668.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1319px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/bottom50-690x465.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1599px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/bottom50-990x668.png\"\r\n                media=\"(min-width: 1600px)\" \/>\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/bottom50-125x84.png\" \/>\r\n        <\/picture>\r\n                            \n            <\/a>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>3. Le Liban se caract\u00e9rise par une double structure sociale, avec un groupe extr\u00eamement riche au sommet, dont les niveaux de revenu sont comparables \u00e0 ceux des pays \u00e0 revenu \u00e9lev\u00e9, et une masse beaucoup plus pauvre de la population, comme dans de nombreux pays en d\u00e9veloppement.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-50377' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-50377' title='ASSOUAD Lydia, CHANCEL Lucas, MORGAN Marc, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/wid.world\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/ACM2018.pdf&quot;&gt;Extreme inequality&amp;#160;: evidence from Brazil, India, the Middle East and South Africa,&lt;\/a&gt; WID.world Working Paper N\u00b0 2018\/4, January 2018'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium\"\n    data-shadow=\"false\"\n    data-use-original-file=\"false\">\n    <a\n        data-pswp-src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ5msEXYAA28zw.jpg\"\n        class=\"inline-block gallery-item no-underline \"\n        data-pswp-width=\"900\"\n        data-pswp-height=\"371\">\n                                        <picture>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ5msEXYAA28zw-330x136.jpg\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  374px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ5msEXYAA28zw-690x284.jpg\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  989px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ5msEXYAA28zw.jpg\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1319px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ5msEXYAA28zw-690x284.jpg\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1599px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ5msEXYAA28zw.jpg\"\r\n                media=\"(min-width: 1600px)\" \/>\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ5msEXYAA28zw-125x52.jpg\" \/>\r\n        <\/picture>\r\n                            \n            <\/a>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>4. Cette structure polaris\u00e9e refl\u00e8te l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;une large \u00ab&#160;classe moyenne&#160;\u00bb, que nous d\u00e9finissons ici comme les 40&#160;% du milieu, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la part de la population situ\u00e9e entre les 10&#160;% les plus riches et les 50&#160;% les plus pauvres. La classe moyenne re\u00e7oit \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s la m\u00eame part du revenu que les 10&#160;% les plus riches en Europe de l&rsquo;Ouest et aux Etats-Unis, mais elle re\u00e7oit beaucoup moins que les plus riches au Liban (entre 20 et 30 p.p. de moins). <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium\"\n    data-shadow=\"false\"\n    data-use-original-file=\"false\">\n    <a\n        data-pswp-src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ6KrcWwAIW5FL.jpg\"\n        class=\"inline-block gallery-item no-underline \"\n        data-pswp-width=\"900\"\n        data-pswp-height=\"521\">\n                                        <picture>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ6KrcWwAIW5FL-330x191.jpg\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  374px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ6KrcWwAIW5FL-690x399.jpg\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  989px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ6KrcWwAIW5FL.jpg\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1319px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ6KrcWwAIW5FL-690x399.jpg\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1599px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ6KrcWwAIW5FL.jpg\"\r\n                media=\"(min-width: 1600px)\" \/>\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ6KrcWwAIW5FL-125x72.jpg\" \/>\r\n        <\/picture>\r\n                            \n            <\/a>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>5. Seuls les plus riches ont vu leur niveau de vie s\u2019accro\u00eetre depuis 2005&#160;: Les 10&#160;% les plus riches ont vu leur revenu augmenter de 5 \u00e0 15&#160;%, tandis que les 50&#160;% les plus pauvres ont vu leur revenu diminuer de 15&#160;% et les 10&#160;% les plus pauvres, d&rsquo;un quart. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium\"\n    data-shadow=\"false\"\n    data-use-original-file=\"false\">\n    <a\n        data-pswp-src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ698TXUAAayey.png\"\n        class=\"inline-block gallery-item no-underline \"\n        data-pswp-width=\"900\"\n        data-pswp-height=\"555\">\n                                        <picture>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ698TXUAAayey-330x204.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  374px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ698TXUAAayey-690x426.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  989px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ698TXUAAayey.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1319px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ698TXUAAayey-690x426.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1599px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ698TXUAAayey.png\"\r\n                media=\"(min-width: 1600px)\" \/>\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ698TXUAAayey-125x77.png\" \/>\r\n        <\/picture>\r\n                            \n            <\/a>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>6. Quid de l&rsquo;in\u00e9galit\u00e9 des richesses&#160;? Si l&rsquo;on consid\u00e8re la richesse des milliardaires libanais &#8211; la seule source disponible pour le pays &#8211; ils semblent bien s&rsquo;en sortir (moyenne entre 2005-2016)&#160;: <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium\"\n    data-shadow=\"false\"\n    data-use-original-file=\"false\">\n    <a\n        data-pswp-src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ7gftWkAor9Bj.png\"\n        class=\"inline-block gallery-item no-underline \"\n        data-pswp-width=\"900\"\n        data-pswp-height=\"555\">\n                                        <picture>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ7gftWkAor9Bj-330x204.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  374px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ7gftWkAor9Bj-690x426.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  989px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ7gftWkAor9Bj.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1319px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ7gftWkAor9Bj-690x426.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1599px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ7gftWkAor9Bj.png\"\r\n                media=\"(min-width: 1600px)\" \/>\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/EHQ7gftWkAor9Bj-125x77.png\" \/>\r\n        <\/picture>\r\n                            \n            <\/a>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>Leur richesse repr\u00e9sentait en moyenne 20&#160;% du revenu national entre 2005 et 2016, contre 2&#160;% en Chine, 5&#160;% en France et 10&#160;% aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Compte tenu de la concentration de la richesse dans ces pays, cela sugg\u00e8re que l&rsquo;in\u00e9galit\u00e9 de richesse est probablement extr\u00eame au Liban.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette situation est aggrav\u00e9e par le fait que le Liban a la troisi\u00e8me dette publique la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e du monde &#8211; \u00e9quivalant \u00e0 150&#160;% du PIB &#8211; et qu&rsquo;il est en profonde r\u00e9cession. Les taux de pauvret\u00e9 et de ch\u00f4mage sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s, un tiers des moins de 35 ans \u00e9tant au ch\u00f4mage. Compte tenu de ces circonstances d\u00e9sastreuses, l&rsquo;introduction de mesures d&rsquo;aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 pour faire face \u00e0 la dette est particuli\u00e8rement inappropri\u00e9e. Cela a appauvri la plus grande partie de la population, ce qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 un ressentiment croissant car les plus riches (parmi eux, les membres de l&rsquo;\u00e9lite au pouvoir) n&rsquo;ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9s \u00e0 participer \u00e0 l&rsquo;all\u00e8gement de la dette.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-50377' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-50377' title='ASSOUAD Lydia,  &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/79465&quot;&gt;Austerity Is Not the Answer,&lt;\/a&gt; Carnegie Middle East Center, 10 juillet 2019'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> Leurs profits et leur patrimoine n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas impos\u00e9s, et les rentes qu\u2019ils retirent des secteurs bancaire et immobilier ne sont pas menac\u00e9es. La \u00ab&#160;taxe WhatsApp&#160;\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 la goutte d&rsquo;eau qui a fait d\u00e9border le vase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Perspectives&#160;:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>En ce qui concerne les changements politiques, la d\u00e9mission du gouvernement et la formation d&rsquo;un gouvernement transitoire qui organise de nouvelles \u00e9lections et met en \u0153uvre des r\u00e9formes drastiques sont un sc\u00e9nario possible. Pourtant, on ne sait toujours pas qui ferait partie d&rsquo;un tel gouvernement et quelles mesures sp\u00e9cifiques seraient prises en vue d&rsquo;une transition politique. Les technocrates ou les repr\u00e9sentants de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, ainsi que les membres de partis ind\u00e9pendants lors des \u00e9lections pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, sont susceptibles de recevoir un soutien populaire.<\/li><li>En ce qui concerne les changements \u00e9conomiques, la mauvaise gestion de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat a laiss\u00e9 une grande marge de man\u0153uvre pour des mesures et des r\u00e9formes susceptibles d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer la situation et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des recettes, m\u00eame dans le cadre du budget actuel. Il pourrait s&rsquo;agir notamment d&rsquo;une annulation partielle de la dette d\u00e9tenue par les banques nationales et d&rsquo;une r\u00e9duction des taux d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat sur la dette ant\u00e9rieure, ainsi que d&rsquo;obliger les banques \u00e0 pr\u00eater \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9tat \u00e0 un taux d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat nul pendant un \u00e0 trois ans&#160;; d&rsquo;introduire un imp\u00f4t progressif sur le revenu et sur la plus-value et d&rsquo;investir fortement dans les infrastructures.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-50377' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-50377' title='ASSOUAD Lydia, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/80133&quot;&gt;Mass Protests Have Taken Place in Lebanon Against the Political Class and Its Economic Policies&lt;\/a&gt;, Carnegie Middle East Center, 21 octobre 2019'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ce texte est une adaptation de deux articles publi\u00e9s en\u00a0<\/em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/80133?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\"><em>anglais\u00a0<\/em><\/a><em>et\u00a0<\/em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/80158\" target=\"_blank\"><em>arabe\u00a0<\/em><\/a><em>sur Diwan, le blog du Carnegie Middle East Center.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les protestations massives qui ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 au Liban apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;annonce par le gouvernement de deux nouvelles mesures fiscales r\u00e9gressives ont leur origine  profonde dans les niveaux extr\u00eamement \u00e9lev\u00e9s d&rsquo;in\u00e9galit\u00e9 dans le pays, qui durent depuis longtemps. L\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques disponibles permet d\u2019\u00e9claircir la situation et comprendre le m\u00e9contentement d&rsquo;exploser dans les rues du Liban. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":175,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[543],"class_list":["post-50377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","geo-mediterranee"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La cause des protestations au Liban : l&#039;extr\u00eame in\u00e9galit\u00e9 | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La cause des protestations au Liban : l&#039;extr\u00eame in\u00e9galit\u00e9 | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les protestations massives qui ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 au Liban apr\u00e8s l&#039;annonce par le gouvernement de deux nouvelles mesures fiscales r\u00e9gressives ont leur origine profonde dans les niveaux extr\u00eamement \u00e9lev\u00e9s d&#039;in\u00e9galit\u00e9 dans le pays, qui durent depuis longtemps. L\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques disponibles permet d\u2019\u00e9claircir la situation et comprendre le m\u00e9contentement d&#039;exploser dans les rues du Liban.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-25T11:19:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-26T17:34:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/top1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1478\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"998\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Giovanni Collot\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/top1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Giovanni Collot\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/\",\"name\":\"La cause des protestations au Liban : l'extr\u00eame in\u00e9galit\u00e9 | Le Grand Continent\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-25T11:19:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-10-26T17:34:08+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/953192c3de3c2331be3997745a2f12ef\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"La cause des protestations au Liban&#160;: l&rsquo;extr\u00eame in\u00e9galit\u00e9\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Le Grand Continent\",\"description\":\"L&#039;\u00e9chelle pertinente\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/953192c3de3c2331be3997745a2f12ef\",\"name\":\"Giovanni Collot\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d93cac37237065a8de4498df3db60dde?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d93cac37237065a8de4498df3db60dde?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Giovanni Collot\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"La cause des protestations au Liban : l'extr\u00eame in\u00e9galit\u00e9 | Le Grand Continent","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/10\/25\/la-cause-des-protestations-au-liban-lextreme-inegalite\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"La cause des protestations au Liban : l'extr\u00eame in\u00e9galit\u00e9 | Le Grand Continent","og_description":"Les protestations massives qui ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 au Liban apr\u00e8s l'annonce par le gouvernement de deux nouvelles mesures fiscales r\u00e9gressives ont leur origine profonde dans les niveaux extr\u00eamement \u00e9lev\u00e9s d'in\u00e9galit\u00e9 dans le pays, qui durent depuis longtemps. 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