{"id":43619,"date":"2019-07-16T14:25:09","date_gmt":"2019-07-16T12:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=43619"},"modified":"2019-07-22T12:13:53","modified_gmt":"2019-07-22T10:13:53","slug":"daech-vers-une-deuxieme-reconstruction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/07\/16\/daech-vers-une-deuxieme-reconstruction\/","title":{"rendered":"Daech&#160;: vers une deuxi\u00e8me reconstruction&#160;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Syrie.<\/em> Malgr\u00e9 la perte de contr\u00f4le territorial et la fin du califat, l\u2019organisation de l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique continue \u00e0 se mobiliser. La continuit\u00e9 de Daech repose sur un ensemble de facteurs d\u00e9terminants qui lui permet de se reconstruire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est n\u00e9cessaire de souligner le fait que Daech poss\u00e8de une exp\u00e9rience de reconstruction organisationnelle. L\u2019organisation djihadiste a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e, en octobre 2006, par Abou Omar al Baghdadi sous le nom d&rsquo;\u00ab&#160;\u00c9tat de l\u2019Irak islamique&#160;\u00bb.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-43619' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/07\/16\/daech-vers-une-deuxieme-reconstruction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-43619' title='Texte de soutien \u00e0  l\u2019Etat de l\u2019Irak islamique&lt;\/a&gt;, CIA, 25 septembre 2009'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> Cette organisation avait une structure qui ressemblait \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le \u00e9tatique, puisque al Baghdadi avait mis en place des ministres en charges d&rsquo;affaires diverses comme la Sant\u00e9 et la D\u00e9fense.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-43619' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/07\/16\/daech-vers-une-deuxieme-reconstruction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-43619' title='Etat Islamique de l&amp;rsquo;Irak, &lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/3raq2589.blogspot.com\/2009\/09\/blog-post_22.html&quot;&gt;Le deuxi\u00e8me gouvernement de l\u2019Etat de l\u2019Irak islamique&lt;\/a&gt;, 22 septembre 2009'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. La premi\u00e8re version de la structure organisationnelle s\u2019inscrivait donc dans le cadre national de l\u2019\u00c9tat irakien en proposant une hi\u00e9rarchie minist\u00e9rielle classique, qui n\u2019avait pas pour ambition de se mobiliser au-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res nationales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019organisation djihadiste a v\u00e9cu son premier tournant organisationnel suite \u00e0 la mort de son fondateur et l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de son successeur Abou Bakr al Baghdadi en 2010. Ce dernier a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d&rsquo;entamer une reconstruction organisationnelle fondamentale qui s&rsquo;est refl\u00e9t\u00e9e sur la mobilisation ainsi que les ambitions du groupe. Al Baghdadi s\u2019est d\u00e9clar\u00e9 calife en 2014, en \u00e9tablissant un mod\u00e8le de contr\u00f4le territorial bas\u00e9 sur une nouvelle hi\u00e9rarchie pyramidale.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-43619' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/07\/16\/daech-vers-une-deuxieme-reconstruction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-43619' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/ar\/arab-and-world\/iraq\/2014\/07\/05\/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%B8%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A&quot;&gt;\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0640 \u00ab&amp;#160;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629&amp;#160;\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634\u064a.. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a&lt;\/a&gt; , La premi\u00e8re apparition du calife de Daech Abou bakr Albaghdadi, al Arabiya, 5 juillet 2014'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> En tant que calife, Al Baghdadi pr\u00e9sidait un ensemble de conseils, comme celui de la <em>choura<\/em> et celui des Affaires militaires,&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-43619' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/07\/16\/daech-vers-une-deuxieme-reconstruction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-43619' title=' \u00ab&amp;#160;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629&amp;#160;\u00bb&amp;#160;: \u0645\u0646 \u00ab&amp;#160;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633&amp;#160;\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab&amp;#160;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u0640\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/al-akhbar.com\/Syria\/34432&quot;&gt;L\u2019Etat islamique du fondateur au califat Abou Bakr Alboughdadi&lt;\/a&gt;, Al Akbar, 10 jullet 2014'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> cens\u00e9s configurer une structure centralis\u00e9e de Daech, qui avait pour objectif de contr\u00f4ler les branches implant\u00e9es au sein de divers pays. La perte du contr\u00f4le territorial en Irak et en Syrie a oblig\u00e9 Daech \u00e0 se reconstruire afin de continuer \u00e0 se mobiliser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le discours r\u00e9cent d\u2019Abou Bakr Al Baghdadi a soulign\u00e9 le fait que l\u2019organisation vivait sa deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9tape de restructuration. Le leader de Daech se pr\u00e9sente d\u00e9sormais en tant qu\u2019<em>Emir Almo\u2019menien<\/em> ou \u00e9mir des croyants plut\u00f4t que calife.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-43619' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/07\/16\/daech-vers-une-deuxieme-reconstruction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-43619' title='\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a&amp;#160;: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u061f,  &lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/middleeast-48122291&quot;&gt;Abou Bakr Alboughadadi&amp;#160;: Quels messages v\u00e9hicul\u00e9s par sa derni\u00e8re apparition&amp;#160;?&lt;\/a&gt;, BBC Arabic, 3 mai 2019'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> Une d\u00e9claration r\u00e9v\u00e9latrice du fait que Daech reconnait sa d\u00e9faite territoriale et que l\u2019organisation d\u00e9cide de ne pas se pr\u00e9senter, pour l\u2019instant, en tant que califat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daech a donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de prendre du recul sur son objectif d&rsquo;instaurer le califat dans le but de reconstruire son organisation. Al Baghdadi a notamment appel\u00e9 \u00e0 recourir \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie de \u00ab&#160;l\u2019\u00e9puisement des ressources&#160;\u00bb en ciblant des int\u00e9r\u00eats humains, militaires, \u00e9conomiques et logistiques afin d\u2019\u00e9puiser les \u00c9tats. Al Baghdadi fortifie \u00e9galement son leadership au sein de l\u2019organisation en d\u00e9ployant son contr\u00f4le sur douze branches affili\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019organisation, notamment en Syrie, Libye, Tunisie, et Turquie.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-43619' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/07\/16\/daech-vers-une-deuxieme-reconstruction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-43619' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/wakae3.com\/2019\/04\/29\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84\/&quot;&gt;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631| \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0639\u061f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 , &lt;\/a&gt;Quels sont les dossiers r\u00e9cus par Alboghdadi dans sa vid\u00e9o, Wakae3, 29 avril 2019'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette nouvelle strat\u00e9gie illustre le fait que Daech ait d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de faire un pas en arri\u00e8re dans la r\u00e9instauration du califat. Selon cette strat\u00e9gie, le processus d\u2019instauration du califat consisterait premi\u00e8rement \u00e0 \u00e9puiser les \u00c9tats et \u00e0 recruter de nouveaux membres, afin d&rsquo;\u00ab&#160;administrer la sauvagerie&#160;\u00bb dans\u00a0 un territoire contr\u00f4l\u00e9, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de mobiliser les services tels que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la sant\u00e9&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-7-43619' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/07\/16\/daech-vers-une-deuxieme-reconstruction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-43619' title='CAFARELLA Jennifer, WALLACE Brandon, ZHOU Jason,&lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/www.understandingwar.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ISW%20Report%20-%20ISIS%E2%80%99s%20Second%20Comeback%20-%20June%202019.pdf&quot;&gt; ISIS&amp;rsquo; Second Comeback, Institute for the Study of War,&lt;\/a&gt; juin 2019'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Cela devrait permettre \u00e0 l\u2019organisation de dominer un territoire, \u00e9tape n\u00e9cessaire pour r\u00e9instaurer un califat&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-8-43619' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/07\/16\/daech-vers-une-deuxieme-reconstruction\/#easy-footnote-bottom-8-43619' title='Ces \u00e9tapes sont illustr\u00e9es dans le livre intitul\u00e9 \u00ab&amp;#160;L\u2019administration de la sauvagerie&amp;#160;\u00bb, page 16, \u00e9crit par Abou Bakr Alnagi, qui est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences principales de l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique.'><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Perspectives&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Malgr\u00e9 sa d\u00e9faite militaire, Daech reconstruit son organisation afin de s\u2019adapter \u00e0 son contexte. <\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Malgr\u00e9 leur perte du contr\u00f4le territorial et la fin de leur califat, Daech continue \u00e0 se mobiliser. Sa nouvelle strat\u00e9gie, exprim\u00e9e dans un discours r\u00e9cent d&rsquo;Abou Bakr Al Baghdadi, vise \u00e0 faire un pas en arri\u00e8re et \u00ab&#160;&#160;\u00e9puiser les \u00c9tats&#160;&#160;\u00bb, avec comme ambition une possible reconstitution territoriale future.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":175,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1731],"tags":[],"staff":[1920],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[543],"class_list":["post-43619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politique","staff-christian-hasard","geo-mediterranee"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Daech : vers une deuxi\u00e8me reconstruction ? | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/07\/16\/daech-vers-une-deuxieme-reconstruction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Daech : vers une deuxi\u00e8me reconstruction ? | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Malgr\u00e9 leur perte du contr\u00f4le territorial et la fin de leur califat, Daech continue \u00e0 se mobiliser. 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