{"id":3782,"date":"2018-05-27T22:00:29","date_gmt":"2018-05-27T20:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lldl.eu\/?p=3782"},"modified":"2019-05-30T17:02:48","modified_gmt":"2019-05-30T15:02:48","slug":"la-possibilite-dune-geopolitique-petroliere-de-lunion-europeenne-le-cas-iranien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2018\/05\/27\/la-possibilite-dune-geopolitique-petroliere-de-lunion-europeenne-le-cas-iranien\/","title":{"rendered":"La possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une g\u00e9opolitique p\u00e9troli\u00e8re de l\u2019Union Europ\u00e9enne &#8211; le cas iranien"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Depuis que le 26 mai 1908, \u00e0 quatre heures du matin, William Knox d\u2019Arcy a vu sept ann\u00e9es de recherches r\u00e9compens\u00e9es par le jaillissement d\u2019un puits de p\u00e9trole \u00e0 Masjed-\u00e9 Soleyman, la question du p\u00e9trole a \u00e9t\u00e9 au coeur des relations entre l\u2019Iran et l\u2019Europe&#160;: domination britannique jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la seconde guerre mondiale, tentative d\u2019Hitler de s\u2019emparer des ressources du Caucase, renversement du premier ministre Mossadegh, qui avait nationalis\u00e9 le p\u00e9trole, en 1953. Les Europ\u00e9ens se souviennent avec inqui\u00e9tude du boom p\u00e9trolier qui a suivi la r\u00e9volution iranienne de 1979 (<strong>1<\/strong>), d\u2019autant plus que l\u2019Iran d\u00e9tient toujours la troisi\u00e8me r\u00e9serve au monde de p\u00e9trole brut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium\">\n    <a\n        data-pswp-src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.01.57.png\"\n        class=\"inline-block gallery-item no-underline \"\n        data-pswp-width=\"607\"\n        data-pswp-height=\"172\">\n                        <picture>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.01.57-330x94.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  374px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.01.57.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  989px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.01.57.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1319px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.01.57.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1599px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.01.57.png\"\r\n                media=\"(min-width: 1600px)\" \/>\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.01.57-125x35.png\" \/>\r\n        <\/picture>\r\n                \n                    <figcaption class=\"pswp-caption-content \">\r\n<\/figcaption>\n            <\/a>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>Or, loin d\u2019\u00eatre passive face aux al\u00e9as des prix du p\u00e9trole, l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne est capable, par la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de ses approvisionnements, d\u2019utiliser ses importations comme une arme&#160;: imposant en janvier 2012 un embargo sur le p\u00e9trole iranien jusqu\u2019au 16  janvier 2016, l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne imposait \u00e0 l\u2019Iran un exc\u00e9dent commercial qui s\u2019est consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9sorb\u00e9, sit\u00f4t que l\u2019embargo fut lev\u00e9 (<strong>1<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium\">\n    <a\n        data-pswp-src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.05.31.png\"\n        class=\"inline-block gallery-item no-underline \"\n        data-pswp-width=\"608\"\n        data-pswp-height=\"401\">\n                        <picture>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.05.31-330x218.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  374px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.05.31.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  989px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.05.31.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1319px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.05.31.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1599px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.05.31.png\"\r\n                media=\"(min-width: 1600px)\" \/>\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.05.31-125x82.png\" \/>\r\n        <\/picture>\r\n                \n            <\/a>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>Comme le montre le tableau ci-dessous, l\u2019augmentation des exportations iraniennes est due \u00e0 la reprise des exportations des hydrocarbures, et principalement du p\u00e9trole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium\">\n    <a\n        data-pswp-src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.06.22.png\"\n        class=\"inline-block gallery-item no-underline \"\n        data-pswp-width=\"611\"\n        data-pswp-height=\"210\">\n                        <picture>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.06.22-330x113.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  374px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.06.22.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width:  989px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.06.22.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1319px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.06.22.png\"\r\n                media=\"(max-width: 1599px)\" \/>\r\n                    <source\r\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.06.22.png\"\r\n                media=\"(min-width: 1600px)\" \/>\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2019-05-30-a\u0300-17.06.22-125x43.png\" \/>\r\n        <\/picture>\r\n                \n            <\/a>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>Ainsi, les trois principaux clients de l\u2019Iran au sein de l\u2019Union que sont la France (25&#160;% du total UE), l\u2019Italie (19&#160;%) et l\u2019Espagne (16&#160;%) importent en grande majorit\u00e9 du p\u00e9trole brut  (qui repr\u00e9sent 98&#160;% des importations depuis l\u2019Iran pour la France &#8211; ce qui a permis une augmentation des exportations iraniennes vers la France de 7800&#160;%&#160;!).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par cons\u00e9quent, la meilleure mani\u00e8re de pousser l\u2019Iran \u00e0 respecter ses engagements serait de continuer \u00e0 acheter du p\u00e9trole iranien \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne &#8211; car l\u2019exp\u00e9rience d\u2019un commerce uniquement tourn\u00e9 vers la Chine (entre 2012 et 2016), a laiss\u00e9 un bien mauvais souvenir aux Iraniens &#8211; la Chine exportant des produits de tr\u00e8s mauvaise qualit\u00e9, notamment des voitures tr\u00e8s peu s\u00e9curis\u00e9es (<strong>3<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Perspectives&#160;: <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>06 ao\u00fbt&#160;: date \u00e0 laquelle les entreprises mini\u00e8res et automobiles devront cesser leurs activit\u00e9s en Iran sous peine d\u2019\u00eatre touch\u00e9es par des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines.<\/li><li>04 novembre&#160;: date \u00e0 laquelle Total sera contraint de quitter l\u2019Iran si l\u2019entreprise n\u2019obtient pas d\u2019exemption des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sources <\/strong>&#160;:\n\n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>BAUJARD, Agathe, <em>L\u2019embargo sur le p\u00e9trole iranien, Impact sur l\u2019offre globale<\/em>, Presses Acad\u00e9miques Francophones, 2014.<\/li><li>BOURDILLON, Yves, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/monde\/afrique-moyen-orient\/0301709529733-pour-teheran-le-petrole-est-la-clef-dune-sortie-de-crise-2178040.php#formulaire_enrichi::bouton_linkedin_inscription_article\">Pour T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, le p\u00e9trole est la clef d\u2019une sortie de crise<\/a>\u201d, <em>Les Echos<\/em>, 23 mai 2018.<\/li><li>DJALILI, Mohammed Reza, et KELLNER, Thierry, \u201cEconomie\u201d dans <em>L\u2019Iran<\/em>, La Bo\u00e9tie, 2013.<\/li><li>PERRIN, Francis, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iris-france.org\/112798-geopolitique-du-petrole-quelles-perspectives\/\">G\u00e9opolitique du p\u00e9trole, quelles perspectives&#160;?<\/a>\u201d, IRIS, 18 mai 2018.<\/li><li>\u201cLe Commerce ext\u00e9rieur de l\u2019Iran sur l\u2019exercice 2016-2017\u201d, Minist\u00e8re des Finances.<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.opec.org\/opec_web\/en\/publications\/202.htm\">Statistiques annuelles de l\u2019OPEC<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019Europe dispose d\u2019une arme \u00e9conomique de poids avec la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019acheter ou non du p\u00e9trole \u00e0 l\u2019Iran, et donc de r\u00e9duire son d\u00e9ficit commercial avec l\u2019Union Europ\u00e9enne, ce qui pourrait l\u2019inciter \u00e0 rester dans le JCPOA malgr\u00e9 le d\u00e9part des Etats-Unis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":173,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1730],"tags":[],"geo":[530],"class_list":["post-3782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energie-et-environnement","staff-pierre-ramond","geo-asie-intermediaire"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - 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