{"id":37155,"date":"2019-05-24T16:55:23","date_gmt":"2019-05-24T14:55:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=37155"},"modified":"2019-05-25T18:16:44","modified_gmt":"2019-05-25T16:16:44","slug":"laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019affaire Huawei, la premi\u00e8re pierre de la grande muraille de fer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Washington<\/em>. Dans une escalade significative de leur confrontation avec la Chine, les Etats-Unis ont annonc\u00e9 mercredi 15 mai l\u2019inscription de Huawei sur la \u00ab&#160;<em>liste d\u2019entit\u00e9<\/em>&#160;\u00bb du D\u00e9partement du Commerce&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-37155' title=' PALETTA D., NAKASHIMA E., LYNCH D., &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/trump-signs-order-to-protect-us-networks-from-foreign-espionage-a-move-that-appears-to-target-china\/2019\/05\/15\/d982ec50-7727-11e9-bd25-c989555e7766_story.html&quot;&gt;Trump administration cracks down on giant Chinese tech firm, escalating clash with Beijing&lt;\/a&gt;, The Washington Post, 6 Mai 2019'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Se basant sur un d\u00e9cret d\u2019urgence nationale&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-37155' title='The White House,&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/executive-order-securing-information-communications-technology-services-supply-chain\/&quot;&gt; Executive Order on Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain,&lt;\/a&gt; 15 mai 2019'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> conf\u00e9rant \u00e0 l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif des pouvoirs accrus pour assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des r\u00e9seaux t\u00e9l\u00e9coms, elle interdit sauf autorisation expresse, aux entreprises am\u00e9ricaines toute relation commerciale avec les organisations cibl\u00e9es. Prenant les devants, plusieurs entreprises technologiques, dont Google&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-37155' title='MOON Angela, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-huawei-tech-alphabet-exclusive\/exclusive-google-suspends-some-business-with-huawei-after-trump-blacklist-source-idUSKCN1SP0NB&quot;&gt;Exclusive&amp;#160;: Google suspends some business with Huawei after Trump blacklist \u2013 source&lt;\/a&gt;, 19 mai 2019'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>&#160;; et Qualcomm&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-37155' title='McCORMICK Myles, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/3fc0a768-7ae9-11e9-81d2-f785092ab560&quot;&gt;Chipmakers sink following Huawei ban in US,&lt;\/a&gt; Financial Times, 20 Mai 2019'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 dimanche 19 mai de suspendre leurs liens avec l\u2019entreprise chinoise. Etant donn\u00e9 la nature incontournable de nombreux fournisseurs am\u00e9ricains, cette mesure est une menace existentielle pour le g\u00e9ant chinois des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, dont la d\u00e9pendance s\u2019\u00e9tend des semi-conducteurs aux syst\u00e8mes d\u2019exploitation. De telles sanctions avaient en effet contraint ZTE, num\u00e9ro deux chinois du secteur, \u00e0 la cessation d\u2019activit\u00e9 au printemps dernier&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-37155' title='SIJIA Jiang, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-zte-ban\/chinas-zte-corp-says-main-business-operations-have-ceased-due-to-u-s-ban-idUSKBN1IA1XF&quot;&gt;China&amp;rsquo;s ZTE says main business operations cease due to U.S. ban&lt;\/a&gt;, Reuters, 9 mai 2018'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> avant d\u2019\u00eatre exempt\u00e9 <em>in extremis<\/em> par l\u2019intervention du pr\u00e9sident Trump, en signe de bonne volont\u00e9 dans les tractations douani\u00e8res de l\u2019\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De fait, au-del\u00e0 de la d\u00e9fiance r\u00e9currente envers le g\u00e9ant chinois accus\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre un suppl\u00e9tif de l\u2019Arm\u00e9e Populaire de Lib\u00e9ration&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-37155' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.economist.com\/briefing\/2019\/04\/27\/huawei-is-at-the-centre-of-political-controversy&quot;&gt;Huawei is at the centre of political controversy&lt;\/a&gt;, The Economist, 27 avril 2019'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, la d\u00e9cision am\u00e9ricaine s\u2019interpr\u00e8te moins comme la volont\u00e9 de s\u00e9curiser ses infrastructures que de disposer d\u2019un levier suppl\u00e9mentaire dans ses n\u00e9gociations commerciales. Celles-ci avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 fragilis\u00e9es la semaine pass\u00e9e, apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019\u00e9tendre les p\u00e9nalit\u00e9s pr\u00e9existantes \u00e0 la totalit\u00e9 des importations chinoises&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-7-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-37155' title='KIMBALL Spencer, Trump says tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese goods will increase to 25&amp;#160;%, blames slow progress in trade talks, CNBC, 5 mai 2019'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 un raidissement de la position chinoise sur les enjeux de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle. Le ciblage direct de Huawei hypoth\u00e8que de fait s\u00e9rieusement la probabilit\u00e9 d\u2019aboutir \u00e0 un accord dans les semaines \u00e0 venir&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-8-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-8-37155' title='HAN Miao, PI Xiaoqing, MA April Ma, ZHAO Yinan, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-05-17\/china-not-interested-in-talking-with-u-s-for-now-state-media&quot;&gt;China Downplays Chances for Trade Talks While U.S. Plays \u2018Little Tricks\u2019&lt;\/a&gt;, Bloomberg News,  17 mai 2019'><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, ou du moins avant une rencontre entre les dirigeants Xi et Trump en marge du G20 d\u2019Osaka fin juin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alors, comment anticiper l\u2019\u00e9volution du rapport de force&#160;? C\u00f4t\u00e9 Huawei, o\u00f9 de telles mesures \u00e9taient redout\u00e9es, on assure disposer de trois mois d\u2019avance de stock, parall\u00e8lement \u00e0 l\u2019intensification des efforts pour devenir autonome via sa filiale de production de composants HiSilicon&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-9-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-9-37155' title='LUCAS Louise, LIU Nian, YANG Yuan, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/ade28ae8-784d-11e9-bbad-7c18c0ea0201&quot;&gt;Huawei turns to \u2018Plan B\u2019 on chip strategy after US blacklisting&lt;\/a&gt;, The Financial Times, 17 mai 2019'><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, repr\u00e9sentant pr\u00e8s d\u2019un quart de la consommation de l\u2019entreprise. Les experts restent cependant sceptiques quant \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de la firme d\u2019atteindre l\u2019autosuffisance dans ce domaine&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-10-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-10-37155' title='NELLIS Stephen, SIJIA Jiang,&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-trade-china-huawei-analysis\/tall-chip-tale-huaweis-backup-plans-leave-experts-unconvinced-idUSKCN1SN0YN&quot;&gt; Tall chip tale&amp;#160;? Huawei&amp;rsquo;s backup plans leave experts unconvinced,&lt;\/a&gt; Reuters, 17 mai 2019'><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u00e0 moyen terme, qui supposerait la cr\u00e9ation quasi <em>ex nihilo<\/em> de capacit\u00e9s pour l\u2019heure presque exclusivement am\u00e9ricaines. Et cela n\u2019adresse de toute fa\u00e7on que la probl\u00e9matique mat\u00e9rielle, la perte d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 certains logiciels, dont le syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation Android en dehors de sa version libre, est un handicap majeur pour le 2<sup>e<\/sup> fabricant mondial de mobiles.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-11-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-11-37155' title='SOTTEK T.C., &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2019\/5\/19\/18631558\/google-huawei-android-suspension&quot;&gt;Google pulls Huawei\u2019s Android license, forcing it to use open source version&lt;\/a&gt;, The Verge, 19 mai 2019'><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> L\u00e0 encore, une alternative domestique est en construction, mais sans acc\u00e8s au c\u0153ur de la valeur d\u2019Android, \u00e0 savoir l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me applicatif Google, il est difficile d\u2019imaginer que cette initiative rencontre plus de succ\u00e8s que les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes tentatives chinoises de disposer d\u2019un OS mobile national. Huawei semble en tout cas avoir pris la mesure de l\u2019affrontement dont il est l\u2019objet, ayant promptement lib\u00e9r\u00e9 des ressources auparavant d\u00e9di\u00e9es \u00e0 une bataille judiciaire avec la division mobile de Samsung.&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-12-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-12-37155' title='KAWAKAMI Takashi, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Business\/Companies\/Samsung-and-Huawei-drop-lawsuits-in-latest-smartphone-truce&quot;&gt;Samsung and Huawei drop lawsuits in latest smartphone truce&lt;\/a&gt;, Nikkei Asian Review, 15 mai 2019'><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si la menace est mortelle pour Huawei, l\u2019impact est \u00e9galement majeur sur l\u2019autre rive du Pacifique, en particulier pour les entreprises technologiques am\u00e9ricaines, qui ont vendu pour 11 milliards de dollars de composants en 2018, et dont les perspectives de revenu sont affect\u00e9es avant m\u00eame la pleine entr\u00e9e en vigueur des mesures&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-13-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-13-37155' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-05-16\/trump-s-huawei-threat-is-the-nuclear-option-to-halt-china-s-rise&quot;&gt;Trump\u2019s Huawei Threat Is the Nuclear Option to Halt China\u2019s Rise,&lt;\/a&gt; Bloomberg News, 16 mai 2019'><sup>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Car la d\u00e9pendance d\u00e9passe les fournisseurs de Huawei et atteint ses clients&#160;: au vu du leadership croissant du g\u00e9ant chinois, qui capte pr\u00e8s d\u2019un tiers du march\u00e9 global des \u00e9quipements de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-14-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-14-37155' title='Dell\u2019Oro Group,&lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/www.delloro.com\/delloro-group\/telecom-equipment-market-2018&quot;&gt; Key Takeaways \u2013 Worldwide Telecom Equipment Market 2018&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;; 4 mars 2019'><sup>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, et de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des alternatives domestiques&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-15-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-15-37155' title='HAY NEWMAN Lily, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/cisco-router-bug-secure-boot-trust-anchor\/&quot;&gt;A Cisco Router Bug Has Massive Global Implications&lt;\/a&gt;, Wired, 13 mai 2019'><sup>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, la mise sous embargo est une \u00e9p\u00e9e de Damocl\u00e8s pour certaines entreprises, potentiellement priv\u00e9es de tout support, essentiel au fonctionnement de leurs infrastructures. Les op\u00e9rateurs r\u00e9gionaux am\u00e9ricains par exemple, fortement d\u00e9pendants du substitut moins on\u00e9reux que constitue le mat\u00e9riel Huawei sur les alternatives europ\u00e9ennes&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-16-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-16-37155' title='LECHER Colin, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2019\/1\/28\/18196351\/huawei-government-trump-china-rural-internet&quot;&gt;The Huawei crackdown could be a disaster for small carriers, &lt;\/a&gt;The Verge, 28 janvier 2019'><sup>16<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, seraient ainsi paralys\u00e9s au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des quatre op\u00e9rateurs majeurs (AT&amp;T, T-Mobile, Sprint et Verizon) qui se sont engag\u00e9s de longue date \u00e0 ne pas y recourir. Prise de court, l\u2019administration a annonc\u00e9 des am\u00e9nagements au cas par cas, ainsi qu\u2019une p\u00e9riode de transition pour assurer la continuit\u00e9 des services&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-17-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-17-37155' title='FREIFELD Karen, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-huawei-tech-exclusive\/exclusive-u-s-may-scale-back-huawei-trade-restrictions-to-help-existing-customers-idUSKCN1SN2QA&quot;&gt;Exclusive&amp;#160;: U.S. may scale back Huawei trade restrictions to help existing customers&lt;\/a&gt;, Reuters, 18 mai 2019'><sup>17<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, illustrant une sous-estimation de la d\u00e9pendance am\u00e9ricaine. De mani\u00e8re notable, une proposition visant \u00e0 prohiber l\u2019utilisation de subventions f\u00e9d\u00e9rales pour acqu\u00e9rir du mat\u00e9riel Huawei a \u00e9t\u00e9 vertement critiqu\u00e9e par une partie des industriels&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-18-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-18-37155' title='Federal Communications Commission, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/ecfsapi.fcc.gov\/file\/1060139338545\/CCA%20Comments%20on%20FCC%20Communications%20Supply%20Chain%20NPRM%20(060118).PDF&quot;&gt;Comments Of Competitive Carriers Association&lt;\/a&gt;, 1 juin 2018'><sup>18<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, qui redoutent qu\u2019une politique d\u2019exclusion aveugle ne fasse passer d\u00e9finitivement les Etats-Unis au second plan dans la course technologique, en particulier sur le d\u00e9ploiement des r\u00e9seaux de cinqui\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si la vigueur actuelle de l\u2019\u00e9conomie am\u00e9ricain explique sans doute une partie de sa hardiesse, soumettre \u00e0 davantage d\u2019incertitudes au cr\u00e9puscule du pr\u00e9sent cycle \u00e9conomique la premi\u00e8re relation bilat\u00e9rale mondiale, repr\u00e9sentant annuellement l\u2019\u00e9quivalent du PIB saoudien&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-19-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-19-37155' title='CHANDRA Sho, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2018-07-27\/u-s-gdp-growth-hits-4-1-fastest-since-2014-in-win-for-trump&quot;&gt;U.S. Growth Hits 4.1&amp;#160;%, Fastest Since 2014, in Win for Trump&lt;\/a&gt;, Bloomberg, 27 juillet 2018'><sup>19<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> peut rapidement se retourner contre le locataire de la Maison Blanche. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cela ne signifie pas pour autant que Xi Jinping soit \u00e9pargn\u00e9 par la mise au pied du mur am\u00e9ricaine, bien au contraire. Comme \u00e0 Washington, l\u2019\u00e9lite chinoise a sa part de faucons qui sont plus que satisfaits de pouvoir exacerber \u00e0 peu de frais les sentiments nationalistes tout en marginalisant davantage les pragmatiques et r\u00e9formateurs \u00e0 la recherche d\u2019une solution n\u00e9goci\u00e9e&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-20-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-20-37155' title='YUAN Li, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/04\/16\/business\/trump-china.html&quot;&gt;Donald Trump, China Savior&amp;#160;? Some Chinese Say Yes,&lt;\/a&gt; The New York Times, 16 avril 2019'><sup>20<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. La pression sera donc consid\u00e9rable pour mettre en \u0153uvre des mesures de r\u00e9torsion, avec en ligne de mire \u00e9vidente, un fleuron \u00e9quivalent de l\u2019\u00e9conomie am\u00e9ricaine&#160;: Apple, qui jouit d\u2019une pr\u00e9sence consid\u00e9rable en Chine o\u00f9 sont localis\u00e9es ses cha\u00eenes de production. Dans ce registre, la r\u00e9cente visite du dirigeant chinois accompagn\u00e9 de son n\u00e9gociateur en chef Liu He dans un centre de raffinage de terres rares&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-21-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-21-37155' title='XIN Zhou, WU Wendy, LO Kinling, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/economy\/china-economy\/article\/3010977\/xi-jinping-visits-rare-earth-minerals-facility-amid-talk-use&quot;&gt;Chinese President Xi Jinping sounds Long March rallying call as US trade war tensions rise&lt;\/a&gt;, South China Morning Post, 20 mai 2019'><sup>21<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, essentielles \u00e0 la production de mat\u00e9riel \u00e9lectronique et dont la Chine d\u00e9tient plus de 95&#160;% des r\u00e9serves mondiales sonne comme une mise en garde&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-22-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-22-37155' title='TSE Pui-Kwan, &lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/USGS.com&quot;&gt;China\u2019s Rare-Earth Industry&lt;\/a&gt;, USGS.com, 22 f\u00e9vrier 2011'><sup>22<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>&#160;: P\u00e9kin est pr\u00eat \u00e0 monter la mise dans le bras de fer qui l\u2019oppose \u00e0 l\u2019Am\u00e9rique. Cibler Apple ou mettre en place des quotas d\u2019exportation de terres rares ne serait assur\u00e9ment pas sans cons\u00e9quence pour elle, mais la sensibilit\u00e9 chinoise sur Huawei d\u00e9passe le cadre purement financier pour atteindre le symbolique. Devenue une v\u00e9ritable all\u00e9gorie du roman national chinois contemporain en passant d\u2019un simple revendeur de commutateurs import\u00e9s depuis Hong Kong dans les ann\u00e9es &rsquo;90&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-23-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-23-37155' title='GARSD Jasmine, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/12\/07\/674467994\/huawei-and-the-chinese-government?t=1558357982649&quot;&gt;The History Of Tech Giant Huawei And The Chinese Government&lt;\/a&gt;, NPR, 7 d\u00e9cembre 2018'><sup>23<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, \u00e0 un leader mondial de son secteur un quart de si\u00e8cle plus tard, Huawei mat\u00e9rialise la r\u00e9ussite chinoise et le r\u00f4le global qu\u2019elle entend d\u00e9sormais jouer. En attentant \u00e0 un champion national, les mesures am\u00e9ricaines s\u2019apparentent aux yeux d\u2019un nombre croissant de chinois \u00e0 une obstruction syst\u00e9matique de la r\u00e9alisation de cette ambition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pilier de la puissance am\u00e9ricaine depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle, le leadership technologique n\u2019avait plus \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi f\u00e9rocement contest\u00e9 \u00e0 Washington depuis la Guerre Froide. Plus encore que la dimension purement commerciale, c\u2019est la crainte du d\u00e9classement qui pousse les Etats-Unis \u00e0 se montrer de plus en plus d\u00e9fensifs&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-24-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-24-37155' title='STEVENS Philip, T&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/9317cc0e-7664-11e9-be7d-6d846537acab&quot;&gt;rade is just an opening shot in a wider US-China conflict&lt;\/a&gt;, The Financial Times, 16 mai 2019'><sup>24<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Quitte pour cela, \u00e0 consumer progressivement en r\u00e9actions vexatoires les institutions, normes et alliances qui ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 l\u2019ordre du monde contemporain, composantes essentielles \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de la <em>longue paix<\/em> entre les grandes puissances en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, et \u00e0 la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine en particulier&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-25-37155' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/#easy-footnote-bottom-25-37155' title='GADDIS John Lewis,&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2538951?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents&quot;&gt; The Long Peace&amp;#160;: Elements of Stability in the Postwar International System,&lt;\/a&gt; The MIT Press \u2013 International Security  Vol. 10, No. 4 (Spring, 1986), pp. 99-142'><sup>25<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Perspectives<\/strong>&#160;:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u2019embargo am\u00e9ricain de fait sur Huawei est une escalade significative de la confrontation sino-am\u00e9ricaine, dont les cons\u00e9quences se feront sentir de part et d\u2019autres du Pacifique.<\/li><li>L\u2019atteinte \u00e0 un champion national ne peut qu&rsquo;entrainer une r\u00e9ponse forte de la part de P\u00e9kin, \u00e9loignant durablement les espoirs de compromis rapide.<\/li><li>Le d\u00e9couplage des deux \u00e9conomies s\u2019il se poursuit aura des cons\u00e9quences profondes et impr\u00e9visibles sur l\u2019ordre global, au niveau technologique, \u00e9conomique et g\u00e9opolitique.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En condamnant \u00e0 l\u2019asphyxie un symbole du miracle \u00e9conomique chinois, Washington montre qu\u2019il ne se privera d\u2019aucune arme dans la confrontation qui l\u2019oppose \u00e0 P\u00e9kin. Quitte \u00e0 sacrifier l\u2019ordre du monde qui a pr\u00e9valu \u00e0 son sacre&#160;&#160;?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":175,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1729],"tags":[],"staff":[1964],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[525,531],"class_list":["post-37155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-numerique","staff-aymeric-ducros","geo-ameriques","geo-chine"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019affaire Huawei, la premi\u00e8re pierre de la grande muraille de fer | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/05\/24\/laffaire-huawei-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-grande-muraille-de-fer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019affaire Huawei, la premi\u00e8re pierre de la grande muraille de fer | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En condamnant \u00e0 l\u2019asphyxie un symbole du miracle \u00e9conomique chinois, Washington montre qu\u2019il ne se privera d\u2019aucune arme dans la confrontation qui l\u2019oppose \u00e0 P\u00e9kin. 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