{"id":364554,"date":"2026-10-16T18:38:30","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T16:38:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=364554"},"modified":"2026-10-16T19:44:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T17:44:54","slug":"pekin-prepare-un-controle-inedit-sur-lexportation-de-ses-modeles-dia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/10\/16\/pekin-prepare-un-controle-inedit-sur-lexportation-de-ses-modeles-dia\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00e9kin pr\u00e9pare un contr\u00f4le in\u00e9dit sur l\u2019exportation de ses mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, vendredi 16 octobre, les minist\u00e8res chinois du Commerce et des Sciences et Technologies ont soumis \u00e0 consultation un projet de r\u00e9vision du catalogue des technologies dont l\u2019exportation est interdite ou soumise \u00e0 autorisation&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-364554' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/10\/16\/pekin-prepare-un-controle-inedit-sur-lexportation-de-ses-modeles-dia\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-364554' title='Minist\u00e8re du Commerce et minist\u00e8re des Sciences et Technologies de la R\u00e9publique populaire de Chine, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.mofcom.gov.cn\/syxwfb\/art\/2026\/art_a4acff07e134447fbe7bbeb486df3ea6.html&quot;&gt;projet de r\u00e9vision du &lt;em&gt;Catalogue des technologies dont l\u2019exportation est interdite ou restreinte&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;, mis en consultation publique le 16 octobre 2026.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quarante technologies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9es \u00e0 cette liste, qui impose une autorisation pour certains transferts de savoir-faire et en interdit d&rsquo;autres. Vingt-trois d&rsquo;entre elles rel\u00e8vent du domaine de l\u2019intelligence artificielle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cette consultation se poursuit jusqu\u2019au 15 novembre, mais une obligation d\u2019enregistrement provisoire est d\u2019ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 en vigueur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/47qqj\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le texte vise les poids et le code source des grands mod\u00e8les au-del\u00e0 d\u2019un seuil de performance&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-364554' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/10\/16\/pekin-prepare-un-controle-inedit-sur-lexportation-de-ses-modeles-dia\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-364554' title='Le seuil n\u2019est pas pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 dans le projet, qui renvoie \u00e0 sa d\u00e9finition dans la version finale. Selon &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2026-10-16\/china-proposes-export-controls-on-ai-models-chips-and-agents&quot;&gt;Bloomberg&lt;\/a&gt; il serait fix\u00e9 \u00e0 2 000 milliards de param\u00e8tres ou \u00e0 une place parmi les dix premiers mod\u00e8les mondiaux sur des tests de performance et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, ainsi que les agents intelligents, les architectures de clusters de calcul et les m\u00e9thodes de conception de puces grav\u00e9es en 14 nanom\u00e8tres ou moins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quatorze technologies sont strictement interdites, dont la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de code malveillant, tandis que les autres sont soumises \u00e0 autorisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette mesure annonce-t-elle la fin des grands mod\u00e8les <em>open source<\/em> chinois&#160;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En soumettant \u00e0 autorisation les poids des mod\u00e8les les plus puissants, le texte vise pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la cat\u00e9gorie dans laquelle les laboratoires chinois publient aujourd\u2019hui en acc\u00e8s libre, de DeepSeek \u00e0 Qwen en passant par GLM et Kimi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le d\u00e9j\u00e0 diffus\u00e9 resterait hors champ, mais les suivants pourraient \u00eatre soumis \u00e0 autorisation, voire interdits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comme le souligne la chercheuse Zilan Qian, ce m\u00eame document annonce pourtant un m\u00e9canisme destin\u00e9 \u00e0 faciliter la diffusion de code open source.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-x wp-block-embed-x\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">MofCom said they will have a near auto licensing regime for open-source AI that allows more rapid release it seems&#160;?<br><br>&quot;To support the development of an open-source AI innovation ecosystem, automatic licensing and other facilitation measures will apply to technology exports\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/rxP9lyzq5Z\">https:\/\/t.co\/rxP9lyzq5Z<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/qlh0bt2vaz\">pic.twitter.com\/qlh0bt2vaz<\/a><\/p>&mdash; Zilan Qian (@ZilanQian) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/ZilanQian\/status\/2111073916194013274?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 16, 2026<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Les minist\u00e8res ont en effet annonc\u00e9 des \u00ab&#160;mesures de facilitation&#160;\u00bb, dont l\u2019octroi automatique d\u2019autorisations, \u00ab&#160;afin de soutenir la construction d\u2019un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me d\u2019innovation en open source dans le domaine de l\u2019intelligence artificielle&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-364554' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/10\/16\/pekin-prepare-un-controle-inedit-sur-lexportation-de-ses-modeles-dia\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-364554' title='Minist\u00e8re du Commerce de la R\u00e9publique populaire de Chine, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.mofcom.gov.cn\/syxwfb\/art\/2026\/art_a4acff07e134447fbe7bbeb486df3ea6.html&quot;&gt;\u5546\u52a1\u90e8\u65b0\u95fb\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u5c31\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7981\u6b62\u51fa\u53e3\u9650\u5236\u51fa\u53e3\u6280\u672f\u76ee\u5f55\u300b\u7b54\u8bb0\u8005\u95ee&lt;\/a&gt;, 16 octobre 2026.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En prolongeant la doctrine \u00ab&#160;<a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/07\/17\/la-doctrine-ai-le-plan-de-xi-jinping-pour-ruiner-la-silicon-valley\/\">IA+<\/a>&#160;\u00bb de Xi Jinping, ces mesures s\u2019accompagneraient de la construction et de l\u2019exploitation de centres de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger par des entreprises chinoises, de la production de puces hors de Chine, de la recherche conjointe mobilisant des ressources \u00e9trang\u00e8res, ainsi que de la participation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration de normes internationales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, P\u00e9kin pourrait \u00eatre en train de se doter d\u2019un pouvoir discr\u00e9tionnaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019ouverture, qui permet de diffuser les normes chinoises et d\u2019\u00e9roder l\u2019avance commerciale des entreprises technologiques am\u00e9ricaines, reste la strat\u00e9gie privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e du Parti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Face \u00e0 l\u2019attention internationale suscit\u00e9e par cette annonce, P\u00e9kin a tenu \u00e0 affirmer que cette mesure est une politique de s\u00fbret\u00e9, et non une arme commerciale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les minist\u00e8res justifient les interdictions par le fait que les technologies de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration et de modification autonomes de code malveillant \u00ab&#160;peuvent servir \u00e0 attaquer les infrastructures d\u2019information critiques, l\u2019industrie de d\u00e9fense ou les syst\u00e8mes gouvernementaux essentiels, ou \u00e0 contourner les dispositifs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale&#160;\u00bb. Ils insistent sur le caract\u00e8re ordinaire de cette r\u00e9vision, qui \u00ab&#160;ne vise aucun pays, r\u00e9gion ou entit\u00e9 en particulier&#160;\u00bb, et sur le fait que \u00ab&#160;la position politique n\u2019a pas chang\u00e9&#160;\u00bb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Selon la chercheuse Kristy Loke, il faut donc y voir moins un levier de n\u00e9gociation qu\u2019un r\u00e9gime de gestion des risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence artificielle, annonc\u00e9 dans le dernier plan quinquennal&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-364554' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/10\/16\/pekin-prepare-un-controle-inedit-sur-lexportation-de-ses-modeles-dia\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-364554' title='Kristy Loke, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/x.com\/kristy_loke\/status\/2111084934949400975?s=48&amp;amp;t=sU60vXpgdsgm6JzsKafJ8A&quot;&gt;publication sur X&lt;\/a&gt;, 16 octobre 2026.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme le rel\u00e8ve le journaliste sp\u00e9cialiste de la Chine Corbin Duncan, un non-dit semble affleurer dans cette s\u00e9quence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le projet vise \u00e0 interdire l\u2019exportation des technologies d\u2019intelligence artificielle capables de \u00ab&#160;g\u00e9n\u00e9rer et de modifier de mani\u00e8re autonome du code malveillant&#160;\u00bb, ainsi qu&rsquo;\u00e0 restreindre celles qui servent \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Or, une interdiction par capacit\u00e9 suppose qu\u2019on puisse l\u2019isoler, alors qu\u2019elle d\u00e9coule de l\u2019intelligence g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du mod\u00e8le&#160;: \u00ab&#160;Si l\u2019intelligence se g\u00e9n\u00e9ralise, comment les laboratoires chinois pourront-ils distinguer un mod\u00e8le performant d\u2019un mod\u00e8le dot\u00e9 des capacit\u00e9s vis\u00e9es par les restrictions&#160;?&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-364554' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/10\/16\/pekin-prepare-un-controle-inedit-sur-lexportation-de-ses-modeles-dia\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-364554' title='Corbin Duncan, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/x.com\/kuhhbin\/status\/2111053316796924316?s=48&amp;amp;t=sU60vXpgdsgm6JzsKafJ8A&quot;&gt;publication sur X&lt;\/a&gt;, 16 octobre 2026.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Est-ce la fin des grands mod\u00e8les <em>open source<\/em> chinois&#160;?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":364555,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":4,"_lgc_tts_voice":"","_lgc_tts_publish":false,"_lgc_tts_history_item_id":"","_lgc_tts_generated_at":"","_lgc_tts_status":"","_lgc_tts_error":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3412],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[4942],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[531],"class_list":["post-364554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-puissances-de-lia","editorial_format-actu-breves","geo-chine"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":"default","_thumbnail_id":364555,"excerpt":"Est-ce la fin des grands mod\u00e8les <em>open source<\/em> chinois ?","display_date":"","new_abstract":true},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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