{"id":354483,"date":"2026-08-25T06:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T04:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=354483"},"modified":"2026-08-25T00:12:55","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T22:12:55","slug":"les-etats-unis-peuvent-ils-se-defaire-de-leur-dependance-aux-terres-rares-en-provenance-de-chine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/08\/25\/les-etats-unis-peuvent-ils-se-defaire-de-leur-dependance-aux-terres-rares-en-provenance-de-chine\/","title":{"rendered":"Les \u00c9tats-Unis peuvent-ils se d\u00e9faire de leur d\u00e9pendance aux terres rares en provenance de Chine&#160;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>L\u2019administration am\u00e9ricaine a fait de la diversification de son approvisionnement en terres rares <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/01\/06\/du-groenland-a-la-chine-la-geopolitique-de-donald-trump-est-structuree-par-une-obsession-les-terres-rares\/\">l\u2019un des axes structurants de son action g\u00e9opolitique<\/a>. Le gouvernement a notamment acquis des participations (act\u00e9es ou encore conditionnelles) dans une trentaine d\u2019entreprises depuis 2025, dont 9 sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es dans l\u2019extraction, le raffinage ou la transformation de min\u00e9raux, dont MP Materials, avec qui le Pentagone a sign\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 dernier un contrat d\u2019une valeur de <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/17\/ladministration-trump-peut-elle-reduire-sa-dependance-en-metaux-critiques-vis-a-vis-de-pekin\/\">plusieurs milliards de dollars<\/a>, et Lithium Americas.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/ShOcO\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L&rsquo;administration r\u00e9publicaine a \u00e9galement conclu un partenariat avec Korea Zinc pour construire un complexe de fusion et d&rsquo;affinage de minerais critiques dans le Tennessee, et investi 150 millions de dollars en actions privil\u00e9gi\u00e9es dans Atlantic Alumina Co.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain a aussi sign\u00e9 plusieurs d\u00e9crets pour renforcer les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement en terres rares, notamment en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant les processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation environnementale des projets miniers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00e9but ao\u00fbt, Washington a finalis\u00e9 un engagement de pr\u00eat conditionnel de 400 millions de dollars \u00e0 Sunrise Energy, une entreprise australienne qui d\u00e9veloppe une mine de scandium.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/qAs8e\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La strat\u00e9gie am\u00e9ricaine montre toutefois des failles.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les investissements se concentrent principalement dans les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de terres rares l\u00e9g\u00e8res \u2013 n\u00e9odyme, pras\u00e9odyme, c\u00e9rium, lanthane \u2013, dont l&rsquo;importance strat\u00e9gique est moindre que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de terres rares dits \u00ab&#160;lourds&#160;\u00bb, comme le dysprosium et le terbium&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-354483' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/08\/25\/les-etats-unis-peuvent-ils-se-defaire-de-leur-dependance-aux-terres-rares-en-provenance-de-chine\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-354483' title='Jason Bedford, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/research.nus.edu.sg\/eai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/EAIBB-No.-1843-Rare-earths_China-2.pdf&quot;&gt;Rare Earths and Industry&amp;#160;: Why Dependence on China Endures&lt;\/a&gt;, East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore, EAI Background Brief No. 1843, novembre 2025.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ces derniers sont notamment indispensables aux aimants permanents \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature qui sont utilis\u00e9s dans les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques, les \u00e9oliennes offshore et les syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9fense de pointe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Si MP Materials a annonc\u00e9 accro\u00eetre ses capacit\u00e9s de s\u00e9paration des terres rares lourdes sur son site de Mountain Pass, en Californie, celles-ci seront toujours d\u00e9pendantes de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res import\u00e9es qui proviennent aujourd\u2019hui quasi-exclusivement de Chine ou du <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/07\/20\/la-chine-a-sauve-la-junte-birmane-et-apres\/\">Myanmar<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/qTIOB\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon Washington, l\u2019investissement le plus prometteur pour r\u00e9duire cette d\u00e9pendance concernerait l\u2019entreprise am\u00e9ricaine USA Rare Earth, qui a conclu en avril un accord de 2,8 milliards de dollars pour acqu\u00e9rir la mine br\u00e9silienne de Serra Verde, situ\u00e9e dans l&rsquo;\u00c9tat de Goi\u00e1s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il s\u2019agit de la seule mine hors d&rsquo;Asie qui exploite \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle commerciale un gisement d&rsquo;argiles ioniques capable de produire l&rsquo;ensemble des quatre terres rares magn\u00e9tiques (n\u00e9odyme, pras\u00e9odyme, dysprosium et terbium), dont les \u00e9l\u00e9ments lourds.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Un accord sign\u00e9 en parall\u00e8le \u00e9tablit un v\u00e9hicule ad hoc \u2013 dont le Pentagone est l&rsquo;un des principaux investisseurs, avec 750 millions de dollars&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-354483' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/08\/25\/les-etats-unis-peuvent-ils-se-defaire-de-leur-dependance-aux-terres-rares-en-provenance-de-chine\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-354483' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2026\/08\/24\/3349611\/0\/en\/usa-rare-earth-nasdaq-usar-announces-completion-of-upsized-1-55-billion-capitalization-of-the-u-s-government-backed-special-purpose-vehicle-spv-for-serra-verde-offtake.html&quot;&gt;USA Rare Earth (Nasdaq&amp;#160;: USAR) Announces Completion of Upsized $1.55 Billion Capitalization of the U.S. Government-Backed Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) for Serra Verde Offtake&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;GlobeNewsWire&lt;\/em&gt;, 24 ao\u00fbt 2026.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u2013 qui ach\u00e8tera pendant une dur\u00e9e pr\u00e9vue de 15 ans la totalit\u00e9 de la production de phase I de la mine, avec des prix planchers garantis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il faudra toutefois plusieurs ann\u00e9es \u00e0 USA Rare Earth pour d\u00e9velopper une cha\u00eene d&rsquo;approvisionnement verticalement int\u00e9gr\u00e9e capable de rivaliser avec les entreprises chinoises.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces gisements d&rsquo;argiles ioniques, n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la formation de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments, ont longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme une quasi-exclusivit\u00e9 du sud de la Chine et de la r\u00e9gion limitrophe de Kachin, au Myanmar. Une \u00e9tude parue l&rsquo;an dernier recense toutefois ces m\u00eames formations g\u00e9ologiques dans plusieurs autres pays, notamment au Br\u00e9sil, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Australie, en Ouganda et au Chili&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-354483' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/08\/25\/les-etats-unis-peuvent-ils-se-defaire-de-leur-dependance-aux-terres-rares-en-provenance-de-chine\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-354483' title='RUSSO, Samantha C., GONZ\u00c1LEZ-\u00c1LVAREZ, Ignacio, COCKER, Helen A., &lt;em&gt;et al.&lt;\/em&gt;, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/researchonline.jcu.edu.au\/86385\/7\/86385.pdf&quot;&gt;The fundamentals of rare earth element ion adsorption clay deposits&amp;#160;: A mineral systems approach for exploration&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geochemical Exploration&lt;\/em&gt;, 2025, vol. 278, p. 107845.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Malgr\u00e9 des partenariats, des investissements et la prise de participations dans des entreprises priv\u00e9es, la strat\u00e9gie de la Maison Blanche pr\u00e9sente une faille&#160;: les terres rares lourdes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":354487,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":4,"_lgc_tts_voice":"","_lgc_tts_publish":false,"_lgc_tts_history_item_id":"","_lgc_tts_generated_at":"","_lgc_tts_status":"","_lgc_tts_error":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[4942],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[525],"class_list":["post-354483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","editorial_format-actu-breves","geo-ameriques"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":"default","_thumbnail_id":354487,"excerpt":"Malgr\u00e9 des partenariats, des investissements et la prise de participations dans des entreprises priv\u00e9es, la strat\u00e9gie de la Maison Blanche pr\u00e9sente une faille : les terres rares lourdes.","display_date":"","new_abstract":true},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les \u00c9tats-Unis peuvent-ils se d\u00e9faire de leur d\u00e9pendance aux terres rares chinoises ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/08\/25\/les-etats-unis-peuvent-ils-se-defaire-de-leur-dependance-aux-terres-rares-en-provenance-de-chine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les \u00c9tats-Unis peuvent-ils se d\u00e9faire de leur d\u00e9pendance aux terres rares chinoises ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Malgr\u00e9 des partenariats, des investissements et la prise de participations dans des 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