{"id":340991,"date":"2026-06-17T06:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T04:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=340991"},"modified":"2026-06-17T02:48:17","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T00:48:17","slug":"lunion-peut-elle-gagner-la-course-a-lia-face-aux-etats-unis-et-a-la-chine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/06\/17\/lunion-peut-elle-gagner-la-course-a-lia-face-aux-etats-unis-et-a-la-chine\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Union peut-elle gagner la course \u00e0 l\u2019IA face aux \u00c9tats-Unis et \u00e0 la Chine&#160;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Vendredi 12 juin, un groupe de chercheurs, d\u2019experts et d\u2019investisseurs europ\u00e9ens a publi\u00e9 un rapport sous forme de sc\u00e9nario qui laisse entrevoir un d\u00e9crochage de l\u2019Europe vis-\u00e0-vis des \u00c9tats-Unis en mati\u00e8re d\u2019intelligence artificielle (IA) d\u2019ici 2031.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le projet, intitul\u00e9 \u00ab&#160;Europe 2031&#160;\u00bb, estime que l\u2019Union a commis plusieurs erreurs en 2025&#160;:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le bloc aurait mal saisi le \u00ab&#160;moment DeepSeek&#160;\u00bb, lisant la r\u00e9ussite du mod\u00e8le chinois R1 comme un signe que la puissance de calcul ne serait que secondaire&#160;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s, notamment via le Sommet de l\u2019action sur l\u2019IA, n\u2019ont pas d\u00e9bloqu\u00e9 assez de fonds, surtout par rapport aux \u00c9tats-Unis&#160;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les d\u00e9cideurs europ\u00e9ens n\u2019ont pas suffisamment mis \u00e0 disposition les outils d\u2019IA aux fonctionnaires qui sont cens\u00e9s r\u00e9glementer et comprendre la technologie&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-340991' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/06\/17\/lunion-peut-elle-gagner-la-course-a-lia-face-aux-etats-unis-et-a-la-chine\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-340991' title='Daan Juijn, Stan van Baarsen, Judith Dada, Lily Stelling, Philip Fox, Alex Petropoulos et Michiel Bakker, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/europe2031.ai\/europe-2031.pdf&quot;&gt;Europe 2031. What getting AI wrong means for us&lt;\/a&gt;, 12 juin 2026.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/EdI0d\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon les auteurs du rapport, le retard accumul\u00e9 par l\u2019Europe en mati\u00e8re de mod\u00e8les de pointe pourrait rendre le bloc technologiquement d\u00e9pendant des \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u00e8s 2028, Washington pourrait ainsi disposer d\u2019un moyen de pression qui leur permettrait, notamment, de contraindre les Pays-Bas \u00e0 mettre fin aux exportations d\u2019ASML de machines de lithographie les plus avanc\u00e9es \u00e0 la Chine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, en 2029, les \u00c9tats-Unis pourraient commencer \u00e0 \u00ab&#160;rationner&#160;\u00bb les mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA aux pays europ\u00e9ens via un syst\u00e8me d\u2019acc\u00e8s par pays \u00e0 la technologie, ce qui aurait un impact direct sur la croissance du bloc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En 2030, les g\u00e9ants am\u00e9ricains de l\u2019IA rach\u00e8teraient les grandes entreprises europ\u00e9ennes pour utiliser leurs surfaces de production et leurs donn\u00e9es industrielles. L\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, Washington s\u2019emparerait d\u2019ASML.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/tlN0c\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le projet Europe 2031 repose sur l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que la domination actuelle du march\u00e9 par les mod\u00e8les am\u00e9ricains n\u2019ira que croissante, et omet \u00e9galement ou, du moins, rel\u00e8gue au second plan plusieurs potentielles limitations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Outre ASML, l\u2019entreprise europ\u00e9enne qui exerce un monopole sur les machines de fabrication de puces les plus sophistiqu\u00e9es, l\u2019entreprise ta\u00efwanaise TSMC d\u00e9tient elle aussi un quasi-monopole dans la fabrication des semi-conducteurs les plus avanc\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Si les \u00c9tats-Unis comptent actuellement l<a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/06\/04\/les-10-chiffres-les-plus-impressionnants-de-lia-en-2026\/\">e plus grand nombre de centres de donn\u00e9es<\/a> et la puissance de calcul la plus importante au monde, le r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique am\u00e9ricain ainsi que le r\u00e9chauffement climatique pourraient en limiter la croissance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On observe par ailleurs depuis plusieurs mois une <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/05\/27\/saboter-les-data-centers-ladministration-trump-craint-lemergence-dun-extremisme-anti-technologique\/\">multiplication des moratoires<\/a> interdisant la construction de nouveaux centres de donn\u00e9es aux \u00c9tats-Unis en raison de leur contribution \u00e0 la hausse du prix de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Si l\u2019opposition aux centres de donn\u00e9es est principalement d\u00e9mocrate, plusieurs \u00e9lus et \u00c9tats r\u00e9publicains poussent \u00e9galement pour davantage de r\u00e9gulation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u2019est notamment le cas au Texas, o\u00f9 le gouverneur r\u00e9publicain Greg Abbott a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de propositions visant \u00e0 garantir que ce soient les entreprises, et non les consommateurs, qui supportent les co\u00fbts li\u00e9s \u00e0 aux centres de donn\u00e9es&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-340991' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/06\/17\/lunion-peut-elle-gagner-la-course-a-lia-face-aux-etats-unis-et-a-la-chine\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-340991' title='Alejandra Martinez, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2026\/06\/10\/texas-greg-abbott-data-centers-regulation-sales-tax\/&quot;&gt;Abbott recommends sweeping data center regulation, including eliminating sales tax exemption&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;The Texas Tribune&lt;\/em&gt;, 10 juin 2026.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Au Congr\u00e8s, plus d\u2019une douzaine de propositions de lois ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9es au cours des 3 derniers mois par des \u00e9lus r\u00e9publicains et d\u00e9mocrates pour \u00e9tudier l&rsquo;impact des centres de donn\u00e9es, ou en limiter leur expansion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un sc\u00e9nario dress\u00e9 par un groupe d\u2019experts met en garde contre un risque de d\u00e9crochage europ\u00e9en en mati\u00e8re d\u2019intelligence artificielle dans les cinq prochaines ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":340994,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":3,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3412],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[4942],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[1917],"class_list":["post-340991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-puissances-de-lia","editorial_format-actu-breves","geo-europe"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":"default","_thumbnail_id":340994,"excerpt":"Un sc\u00e9nario dress\u00e9 par un groupe d\u2019experts met en garde contre un risque de d\u00e9crochage europ\u00e9en en mati\u00e8re d\u2019intelligence artificielle dans les cinq prochaines ann\u00e9es.","display_date":"","new_abstract":true},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin 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