{"id":336278,"date":"2026-05-26T19:24:36","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T17:24:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=336278"},"modified":"2026-05-26T19:24:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T17:24:39","slug":"la-geo-ingenierie-est-elle-une-reponse-au-rechauffement-climatique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/05\/26\/la-geo-ingenierie-est-elle-une-reponse-au-rechauffement-climatique\/","title":{"rendered":"La g\u00e9o-ing\u00e9nierie est-elle une r\u00e9ponse au r\u00e9chauffement climatique&#160;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Selon le programme europ\u00e9en Copernicus, l\u2019objectif fix\u00e9 dans l\u2019Accord de Paris en 2015 de limiter l\u2019augmentation des temp\u00e9ratures \u00e0 1,5\u00b0C par rapport aux niveaux pr\u00e9industriels <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/05\/02\/leurope-est-le-continent-qui-se-rechauffe-le-plus-vite\/\">est quasi-irr\u00e9alisable<\/a> au vu de la trajectoire actuelle. Devant ce constat, plusieurs initiatives visent \u00e0 intervenir pour modifier d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment le syst\u00e8me climatique terrestre.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/pSp4a\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La g\u00e9oing\u00e9nierie distingue plusieurs techniques, telles que&#160;:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>le captage et le stockage du dioxyde de carbone, qui consiste \u00e0 s\u00e9questrer le CO\u2082 afin de limiter sa contribution au r\u00e9chauffement climatique&#160;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la gestion du rayonnement solaire, qui vise \u00e0 r\u00e9duire l\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire absorb\u00e9e par le syst\u00e8me terrestre afin de modifier le bilan radiatif de la plan\u00e8te et d\u2019en att\u00e9nuer le r\u00e9chauffement.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On compte \u00e9galement des approches visant la gestion des surfaces et des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, comme les techniques de reconstitution de glace polaire, dans les r\u00e9gions arctiques qui se r\u00e9chauffent aujourd&rsquo;hui quatre fois plus vite que le reste de la plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plusieurs propositions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 formul\u00e9es \u00e0 ce jour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Face au risque d\u2019effondrement de la circulation m\u00e9ridienne de retournement de l\u2019Atlantique (AMOC), des chercheurs n\u00e9erlandais ont propos\u00e9 en avril de construire un barrage de 80 kilom\u00e8tres de long dans le d\u00e9troit de B\u00e9ring, qui s\u00e9pare l\u2019Alaska de la Russie&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-336278' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/05\/26\/la-geo-ingenierie-est-elle-une-reponse-au-rechauffement-climatique\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-336278' title='Jelle Soons et Henk A. Dijkstra, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aeb7887&quot;&gt;The effects of a constructed closure of the Bering Strait on AMOC tipping behavior&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Science advances&lt;\/em&gt;, 2026, vol. 12, n\u00b017.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019an dernier, plusieurs universitaires avaient sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 le recours \u00e0 l\u2019injection d\u2019a\u00e9rosols stratosph\u00e9riques pour limiter les effets du r\u00e9chauffement climatique, notamment l\u2019usage de particules solides d\u2019alumine et de calcite plut\u00f4t que d\u2019a\u00e9rosols sulfat\u00e9s&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-336278' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/05\/26\/la-geo-ingenierie-est-elle-une-reponse-au-rechauffement-climatique\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-336278' title='Sandro Vattioni, Thomas Peter, Rahel Weber, &lt;em&gt;et al.&lt;\/em&gt;, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43247-025-02038-1&quot;&gt;Injecting solid particles into the stratosphere could mitigate global warming but currently entails great uncertainties&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Communications earth &amp;amp; environment&lt;\/em&gt;, 2025, vol. 6, n\u00b01, p. 132.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019autres tentatives sont \u00e0 des stades plus avanc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La start-up isra\u00e9lienne Stardust Solutions a publi\u00e9 le 14 mai une \u00e9tude portant sur le d\u00e9veloppement de particules atmosph\u00e9riques destin\u00e9es \u00e0 la gestion du rayonnement solaire, notamment des sph\u00e8res microscopiques \u00e0 base de silice amorphe et de carbonate de calcium&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-336278' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/05\/26\/la-geo-ingenierie-est-elle-une-reponse-au-rechauffement-climatique\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-336278' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/stardust.docsend.com\/view\/4ptze939gf2gxch3&quot;&gt;Composite sub-micron solid particles engineered to enable safe, controllable, efficient, and practical SAI&lt;\/a&gt;, Stardust Labs, Israel, Version 0.9 \u2013 14 mai 2026.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ces particules sont con\u00e7ues pour r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir une partie du rayonnement solaire afin de r\u00e9duire le r\u00e9chauffement climatique, tout en \u00e9valuant leurs effets potentiels sur la chimie stratosph\u00e9rique et la couche d\u2019ozone.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stardust a d\u00e9j\u00e0 lev\u00e9 75 millions de dollars, a d\u00e9pos\u00e9 une demande de brevet et soumet actuellement ses travaux \u00e0 des revues scientifiques.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L&rsquo;entreprise estime pouvoir commencer \u00e0 \u00ab&#160;refroidir l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re&#160;\u00bb pour 10 milliards de dollars&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-336278' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/05\/26\/la-geo-ingenierie-est-elle-une-reponse-au-rechauffement-climatique\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-336278' title='Eric Niiler, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2026\/05\/14\/climate\/stardust-solutions-geoengineering-cooling-earth.html&quot;&gt;Can Some Very Tiny Particles Cool the Planet&amp;#160;? One Tech Company Says Yes.&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;The New York Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 14 mai 2026.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/wySSX\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le projet de Stardust est controvers\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En 2021, plusieurs centaines de scientifiques ont sign\u00e9 une lettre ouverte appelant \u00e0 la conclusion d\u2019un accord international de non-utilisation de la g\u00e9o-ing\u00e9nierie solaire.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ils invoquaient notamment des risques encore mal connus, le potentiel effet de d\u00e9sincitation \u00e0 la d\u00e9carbonation, et l\u2019absence de cadre international clair&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-336278' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/05\/26\/la-geo-ingenierie-est-elle-une-reponse-au-rechauffement-climatique\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-336278' title='Aarti Gupta, Frank Biermann, Ellinore Van Driel, &lt;em&gt;et al.&lt;\/em&gt;, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.solargeoeng.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WIREs-Climate-Change-2022-Solar-geoengineering-The-case-for-an-international-nonuse-agreement-1.pdf&quot;&gt;Towards a non-use regime on solar geoengineering&amp;#160;: lessons from international law and governance&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Transnational Environmental Law&lt;\/em&gt;, 2024, vol. 13, n\u00b02, p. 368-399.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En 2024, l\u2019Union avait estim\u00e9 que les technologies de modification du rayonnement solaire pouvaient pr\u00e9senter un potentiel th\u00e9orique, tout en pr\u00e9cisant qu\u2019elles n\u2019\u00e9taient pas au point et \u00ab&#160;ne sauraient se substituer \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions&#160;\u00bb de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Si plusieurs pays, dont les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Chine, ont eu recours ces derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies \u00e0 des techniques artificielles de pluviom\u00e9trie via ensemencement de nuages, ces usages restent localis\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le d\u00e9ploiement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale de telles techniques pour lutter contre le r\u00e9chauffement climatique pourrait s\u2019av\u00e9rer particuli\u00e8rement risqu\u00e9, avec des effets r\u00e9gionaux impr\u00e9visibles et potentiellement irr\u00e9versibles, y compris sur le syst\u00e8me climatique, la biodiversit\u00e9, avec des cons\u00e9quences sur l\u2019agriculture et la sant\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es sur l\u2019opinion publique concernant l\u2019utilisation potentielle de la g\u00e9o-ing\u00e9nierie sont rares, mais une enqu\u00eate men\u00e9e en 2022 en Australie, au Japon, en Inde et aux Philippines r\u00e9v\u00e8le une divergence nette entre les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et les pays \u00e9mergents&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-336278' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/05\/26\/la-geo-ingenierie-est-elle-une-reponse-au-rechauffement-climatique\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-336278' title='Sugiyama, M., Asayama, S., Kosugi, T. &lt;em&gt;et al.,&lt;\/em&gt; \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11625-024-01520-7&quot;&gt;Public attitude toward solar radiation modification&amp;#160;: results of a two-scenario online survey on perception in four Asia\u2013Pacific countries&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Sustain Sci&lt;\/em&gt; 20, 423\u2013438, 2025.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La proportion de personnes favorables \u00e0 la gestion du rayonnement solaire \u00e9tait de 79&#160;% en Inde et de 72&#160;% aux Philippines, contre 48&#160;% en Australie et 35&#160;% au Japon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Toutefois, 44&#160;% des personnes interrog\u00e9es en Inde affirmaient qu&rsquo;il ne faudrait jamais recourir \u00e0 cette technologie, quelle que soit la situation, et plus de 50&#160;% dans tous les pays exprimaient des inqui\u00e9tudes quant aux effets environnementaux et au risque que la perspective de cette utilisation r\u00e9duise les efforts de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CO\u2082.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 27 avril, les 50 villes les plus chaudes de la plan\u00e8te \u00e9taient toutes situ\u00e9es en Inde, avec une temp\u00e9rature maximale moyenne de 44,7\u00b0C&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-7-336278' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/05\/26\/la-geo-ingenierie-est-elle-une-reponse-au-rechauffement-climatique\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-336278' title='AQI, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.aqi.in\/blog\/world-top-hottest-cities-in-india-april-2026\/&quot;&gt;World Top Hottest Cities Belong to India \u2013 April 2026&lt;\/a&gt;, 28 avril 2026.'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La g\u00e9o-ing\u00e9nierie risque de s&rsquo;imposer comme l&rsquo;une des questions clefs du d\u00e9bat climatique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":336279,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":5,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2040],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[4942],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[2163],"class_list":["post-336278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","editorial_format-actu-breves","geo-monde"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":"default","_thumbnail_id":336279,"excerpt":"La g\u00e9o-ing\u00e9nierie risque de s'imposer comme l'une des questions clefs du d\u00e9bat climatique.","display_date":"","new_abstract":true},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La g\u00e9o-ing\u00e9nierie est-elle une 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