{"id":318800,"date":"2026-02-25T06:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=318800"},"modified":"2026-02-24T21:08:49","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T20:08:49","slug":"en-chine-friedrich-merz-poursuit-une-strategie-de-de-risking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/25\/en-chine-friedrich-merz-poursuit-une-strategie-de-de-risking\/","title":{"rendered":"En Chine, Friedrich Merz poursuit une strat\u00e9gie de \u00ab&#160;de-risking&#160;\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Friedrich Merz rencontrera aujourd\u2019hui Xi Jinping \u00e0 P\u00e9kin, dans un contexte radicalement diff\u00e9rent de celui de ses pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019Allemagne a enregistr\u00e9 l\u2019an dernier un d\u00e9ficit commercial avec la Chine estim\u00e9 \u00e0 89,4 milliards d\u2019euros \u2014 contre 24 milliards en 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Selon le Rhodium Group, les exportations allemandes de biens vers la Chine ont chut\u00e9 de 9,3&#160;% en 2025 pour atteindre leur niveau le plus bas depuis dix ans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les exportations chinoises de biens vers l&rsquo;Allemagne ont quant \u00e0 elles consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9, et ont atteint 175 milliards de dollars en 2024, selon les chiffres des Nations unies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La Chine a \u00e9t\u00e9 le principal partenaire commercial de Berlin l\u2019an dernier avec 251,8 milliards d\u2019euros de biens \u00e9chang\u00e9s, d\u00e9passant ainsi les \u00c9tats-Unis (240,5 milliards)&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-318800' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/25\/en-chine-friedrich-merz-poursuit-une-strategie-de-de-risking\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-318800' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.destatis.de\/DE\/Presse\/Pressemitteilungen\/2026\/02\/PD26_056_51.html&quot;&gt;PresseChina im Jahr 2025 wieder wichtigster Handelspartner Deutschlands&lt;\/a&gt;, DeStatis, 20 f\u00e9vrier 2026.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/ZwgAP\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La concurrence accrue de la Chine a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la perte de 250 000 emplois dans l\u2019industrie en Allemagne depuis 2019, selon une \u00e9tude du cabinet de conseil EY. Le secteur automobile figure parmi les plus touch\u00e9s avec 112 000 emplois perdus, dont la moiti\u00e9 (51 500) seulement en 2024&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-318800' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/25\/en-chine-friedrich-merz-poursuit-une-strategie-de-de-risking\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-318800' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ey.com\/de_de\/functional\/forms\/download\/2025\/09\/industriebarometer-q2-2025&quot;&gt;Industriebarometer Q2 2025&lt;\/a&gt;, EY.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En novembre 2025, les constructeurs automobiles chinois ont atteint une part record de 12,8&#160;% du march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en des voitures \u00e9lectriques et ils concurrencent aussi de plus en plus <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/11\/06\/plus-de-10-des-voitures-electriques-vendues-en-europe-sont-de-construction-chinoise\/\">les marques allemandes <\/a>sur les march\u00e9s \u00e9mergents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/smRXS\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le d\u00e9part d\u2019un grand nombre de marques europ\u00e9ennes de Russie, suite \u00e0 l&rsquo;invasion russe de l\u2019Ukraine en 2022, a \u00e9t\u00e9 suivi d\u2019une arriv\u00e9e massive de marques chinoises \u2014 Haval, Chery, Geely, Chang&rsquo;an\u2026 \u2014 sur le march\u00e9 russe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u00e9kin exporte d\u00e9sormais plusieurs centaines de milliers de v\u00e9hicules par an dans les principales \u00e9conomies du Golfe, notamment en Arabie saoudite et aux \u00c9mirats arabes unis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/xUmtp\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Merz, qui a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avant son d\u00e9part qu&rsquo;il chercherait \u00e0 \u00e9tablir un partenariat \u00ab&#160;\u00e9quilibr\u00e9, fiable, r\u00e9glement\u00e9 et \u00e9quitable&#160;\u00bb avec le pr\u00e9sident chinois Xi Jinping, sera accompagn\u00e9 d&rsquo;une importante d\u00e9l\u00e9gation du monde des affaires. En 2025, les investissements des entreprises allemandes en Chine ont atteint leur niveau le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 depuis quatre ans&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-318800' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/25\/en-chine-friedrich-merz-poursuit-une-strategie-de-de-risking\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-318800' title='Rene Wagner, Christoph Steitz, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/china\/german-firms-investments-china-boomed-2025-us-trade-war-worries-2026-01-27\/&quot;&gt;Exclusive&amp;#160;: German firms&amp;rsquo; China investments driven to four-year high by US trade wars&lt;\/a&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 27 janvier 2026.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cependant, si les entreprises allemandes, confront\u00e9es aux droits de douane de Donald Trump, souhaitent conserver leur acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 chinois, le chancelier Merz avait adopt\u00e9, lors de sa campagne de 2024, un discours plus ferme \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard de la P\u00e9kin, notamment concernant la question de la surproduction, du mod\u00e8le exportateur du pays, ainsi que des d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres et distorsions commerciaux. Tous ces sujets devraient \u00eatre \u00e0 l&rsquo;ordre du jour lors de sa visite.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Merz, qui a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 hier que l\u2019Allemagne poursuit une strat\u00e9gie de \u00ab&#160;de-risking&#160;\u00bb mais pas de \u00ab&#160;d\u00e9couplage&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-318800' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/25\/en-chine-friedrich-merz-poursuit-une-strategie-de-de-risking\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-318800' title='Arne Delfs, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2026-02-24\/germany-s-merz-reaches-out-to-xi-before-inaugural-trip-to-china&quot;&gt;Germany\u2019s Merz Reaches Out to Xi Before Inaugural Trip to China&lt;\/a&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Bloomberg&lt;\/em&gt;, 24 f\u00e9vrier 2026.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, devra ainsi trouver un \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9licat, alors que l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat central de la Chine est de maintenir son acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en, \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 celui am\u00e9ricain se ferme de plus en plus.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Berlin devrait \u00e9galement aborder la question des restrictions impos\u00e9es par P\u00e9kin \u00e0 l\u2019exportation de terres rares, alors que les entreprises allemandes d\u00e9pendent enti\u00e8rement de la Chine pour leurs importations et \u00e0 90&#160;% pour les d\u2019aimants permanents, utilis\u00e9s dans les moteurs \u00e9lectriques, les \u00e9oliennes ou les g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-318800' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/25\/en-chine-friedrich-merz-poursuit-une-strategie-de-de-risking\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-318800' title='Hannah Levinger, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.kfw.de\/PDF\/Download-Center\/Konzernthemen\/Research\/PDF-Dokumente-Fokus-Volkswirtschaft\/Fokus-englische-Dateien\/Fokus-2025-EN\/Focus-No.-516-September-2025-Rare-earths.pdf&quot;&gt;A rare opportunity&amp;#160;: What are the chances for reducing rare earth dependence&amp;#160;?&lt;\/a&gt;, KfW Research, 23 septembre 2025.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En amont du voyage, l\u2019Association allemande des industries de la construction m\u00e9canique a demand\u00e9 au chancelier d&rsquo;aborder aussi la question des subventions publiques, d\u00e9clarant&#160;: \u00ab&#160;Les entreprises allemandes ne sont pas en concurrence avec d&rsquo;autres entreprises, mais avec le Tr\u00e9sor public chinois.&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-318800' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/25\/en-chine-friedrich-merz-poursuit-une-strategie-de-de-risking\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-318800' title='Oliver Richtberg, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.vdma.eu\/de\/viewer\/-\/v2article\/render\/161626856&quot;&gt;Fairer Wettbewerb oder Konsequenzen&lt;\/a&gt;, VDMA, 20 f\u00e9vrier 2026.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aujourd&rsquo;hui, mercredi 25 f\u00e9vrier, Friedrich Merz rencontre Xi Jinping \u00e0 P\u00e9kin, lors d\u2019une visite de deux jours qui le m\u00e8nera \u00e9galement \u00e0 Hangzhou et dans les usines Mercedes-Benz et Siemens.<\/p>\n<p>Ce d\u00e9placement, qui sera suivi la semaine prochaine d&rsquo;un voyage \u00e0 Washington, intervient alors que l\u2019Allemagne a enregistr\u00e9 en 2025 un d\u00e9ficit record avec la Chine. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":318802,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[531],"class_list":["post-318800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","geo-chine"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - 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