{"id":318642,"date":"2026-02-23T19:34:54","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T18:34:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=318642"},"modified":"2026-02-23T19:34:56","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T18:34:56","slug":"de-lafrique-a-lamerique-latine-les-projets-de-compensation-carbone-favorisent-les-risques-daccaparement-des-terres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/23\/de-lafrique-a-lamerique-latine-les-projets-de-compensation-carbone-favorisent-les-risques-daccaparement-des-terres\/","title":{"rendered":"De l\u2019Afrique \u00e0 l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine, les projets de compensation carbone favorisent les risques d&rsquo;accaparement des terres"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>En 2023, en amont et en marge de la COP28 de Duba\u00ef, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9miratie cr\u00e9\u00e9e quelques mois auparavant et pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par un membre de la famille royale, Ahmed Dalmook Al Maktoum, a conclu des accords avec six pays africains \u2014 Angola, Kenya, Liberia, Tanzanie, Zambie et Zimbabwe \u2014 pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des cr\u00e9dits carbone sur leurs territoires, sur une surface \u00e9quivalente \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 25 millions d\u2019hectares, soit la taille du Royaume-Uni&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-318642' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/23\/de-lafrique-a-lamerique-latine-les-projets-de-compensation-carbone-favorisent-les-risques-daccaparement-des-terres\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-318642' title='Angela Dewan, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/11\/22\/climate\/uae-cop28-adnoc-fossil-fuels-expansion-climate-intl&quot;&gt;A UAE company has secured African land the size of the UK for controversial carbon offset projects&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;CNN&lt;\/em&gt;, 23 novembre 2023.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trois ans depuis la conclusion de ces accords, les autorit\u00e9s des pays concern\u00e9s affirment qu\u2019aucun de ces projets n\u2019a abouti. L\u2019entreprise \u00e9miratie, Blue Carbon, semble quant \u00e0 elle s\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9vapor\u00e9e, et son site web a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis hors ligne \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2025&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-318642' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/23\/de-lafrique-a-lamerique-latine-les-projets-de-compensation-carbone-favorisent-les-risques-daccaparement-des-terres\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-318642' title='Evelyn Kpadeh Seagbeh et Kunle Adebajo, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.afp.com\/en\/case-africas-vanishing-carbon-deals&quot;&gt;The case of Africa&amp;rsquo;s &amp;lsquo;vanishing&amp;rsquo; carbon deals&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, AFP, 20 novembre 2025.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les accords sign\u00e9s auraient plac\u00e9 la gestion des ressources foresti\u00e8res pr\u00e9sentes dans les r\u00e9gions concern\u00e9es sous le contr\u00f4le de Blue Carbon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les \u00c9tats auraient touch\u00e9 une partie des revenus g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par la mise en \u0153uvre de projets de reforestation et de protection destin\u00e9s \u00e0 produire des cr\u00e9dits carbone, qui sont par la suite vendus \u00e0 des entreprises.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Une partie au moins aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 vendue \u00e0 des acteurs \u00e9miratis, afin que le pays puisse revendiquer la mise en \u0153uvre de politiques durables lors de la COP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les raisons de l\u2019abandon du projet sont inconnues, mais l\u2019ONU et plusieurs ONG avaient alert\u00e9 les pays signataires sur les risques juridiques d&rsquo;une d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de souverainet\u00e9 sur leurs ressources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019opacit\u00e9 de ces accords aurait \u00e9galement menac\u00e9 les droits des communaut\u00e9s locales habitant dans les zones concern\u00e9es, qui avaient jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent \u00e9t\u00e9 relativement prot\u00e9g\u00e9es en raison de leur isolement et de leur difficult\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e8s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/muB6R\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u2019il est significatif en raison de la taille des surfaces concern\u00e9es \u2014 qui repr\u00e9sentaient, dans certains cas, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 20&#160;% du territoire national des pays \u2014, le projet de Blue Carbon n\u2019est pas un cas isol\u00e9. Dans un rapport publi\u00e9 en d\u00e9cembre, l\u2019initiative Land Matrix estime que, depuis le d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle, 8,8 millions d\u2019hectares de terre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 acquis par des investisseurs pour des projets de compensation carbone con\u00e7us pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des cr\u00e9dits carbone, en grande majorit\u00e9 dans les pays \u00e0 revenu faible ou interm\u00e9diaire&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-318642' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/23\/de-lafrique-a-lamerique-latine-les-projets-de-compensation-carbone-favorisent-les-risques-daccaparement-des-terres\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-318642' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/landmatrix.org\/media\/documents\/Land_Matrix_Analytical_Report_2025_LSLAs_for_carbon_offsetting.pdf&quot;&gt;Large-scale land acquisitions for carbon offsetting&amp;#160;: Green grabbing or just transition&amp;#160;? Analytical report on land-based offset projects&lt;\/a&gt;, Land Matrix, 20 octobre 2025.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les acquisitions de terres \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle (ATGE) repr\u00e9sentent une faible part des projets de production de cr\u00e9dits carbone.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le march\u00e9 global a connu une croissance importante jusqu\u2019au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2020, avant de se contracter notamment en raison du manque de transparence de certains promoteurs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Un nombre important de cr\u00e9dits vendus a fait l\u2019objet de contestations en raison d\u2019une sur\u00e9valuation des r\u00e9ductions de CO2 mises en avant, ce qui a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 dissuader certaines entreprises d\u2019entrer sur le march\u00e9 volontaire du carbone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/puyOy\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019opacit\u00e9 de plusieurs projets, comme Blue Carbon ou le projet iTeraka \u00e0 Madagascar, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 critiqu\u00e9 pour contraindre les paysans habitants les terres concern\u00e9es \u00e0 consacrer des efforts et des ressources pour des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices incertains&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-318642' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/23\/de-lafrique-a-lamerique-latine-les-projets-de-compensation-carbone-favorisent-les-risques-daccaparement-des-terres\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-318642' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2025\/12\/assessments-argue-carbon-offsets-are-a-false-unjust-climate-solution-commentary\/&quot;&gt;Assessments argue carbon offsets are failing communities and climate goals (commentary)&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Mongabay&lt;\/em&gt;, 5 d\u00e9cembre 2025.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, plusieurs \u00e9tudes estiment que le march\u00e9 a connu des dynamiques \u00ab&#160;encourageantes&#160;\u00bb en 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019ONG AlliedOffsets note \u00ab&#160;une prise de conscience croissante des risques li\u00e9s au greenwashing&#160;\u00bb qui serait b\u00e9n\u00e9fique car elle encouragerait les promoteurs \u00e0 adopter des normes plus strictes et des approches plus rigoureuses&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-318642' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/23\/de-lafrique-a-lamerique-latine-les-projets-de-compensation-carbone-favorisent-les-risques-daccaparement-des-terres\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-318642' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/alliedoffsets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2025-VCM-Overview-Report-4.pdf?__hstc=251652889.643560998f0e0c795acad721e5a54776.1771430402019.1771430402019.1771861084970.2&amp;amp;__hssc=251652889.1.1771861084970&quot;&gt;Voluntary Carbon Market Emerging Trends for 2026 2025 Review&amp;#160;? Emerging Trends for 2026&lt;\/a&gt;, AlliefOffsets, janvier 2026.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, Platts estime que le march\u00e9 est toujours per\u00e7u comme \u00ab&#160;un outil utile pour atteindre les objectifs de l&rsquo;accord de Paris&#160;\u00bb, mais reconna\u00eet qu\u2019une standardisation accrue \u00ab&#160;pourrait contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux pr\u00e9occupations du march\u00e9&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-318642' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/23\/de-lafrique-a-lamerique-latine-les-projets-de-compensation-carbone-favorisent-les-risques-daccaparement-des-terres\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-318642' title='Silvia Favasuli, Charlotte Radford, Jamila Phillips et Crown Ashiwaju, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/news-research\/blog\/energy-transition\/120325-how-does-the-voluntary-carbon-market-work&quot;&gt;Voluntary carbon markets&amp;#160;: how they work, how they\u2019re priced and who\u2019s involved&lt;\/a&gt;, S&amp;amp;P Global, 3 d\u00e9cembre 2025.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Si le premier projet de compensation carbone remonte \u00e0 1988, le march\u00e9 volontaire du carbone constitue toujours un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me d\u00e9centralis\u00e9, r\u00e9gi par plusieurs organismes ind\u00e9pendants charg\u00e9s de certifier les projets et d&rsquo;enregistrer les cr\u00e9dits carbone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>La concentration des projets d\u2019acquisitions de terres dans des pays \u00e0 faibles revenus, o\u00f9 les syst\u00e8mes de gouvernance fonci\u00e8re sont souvent faibles, favorise l\u2019accaparement de terres par des entreprises exploitant les opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques cr\u00e9\u00e9es par les march\u00e9s du carbone. Si l\u2019Afrique y est particuli\u00e8rement expos\u00e9e, d\u2019autres pays, comme le Br\u00e9sil, font \u00e9galement face \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de <em>land-grab<\/em> \u2014 dont les premi\u00e8res victimes sont les communaut\u00e9s locales.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De l\u2019Afrique australe \u00e0 l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Sud, l\u2019\u00e9mergence de projets de cr\u00e9dits carbone, achet\u00e9s par les entreprises pour r\u00e9duire leur empreinte environnementale, se traduit par l\u2019accaparement de terres au d\u00e9triment des populations locales.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":318646,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1730],"tags":[],"geo":[2163],"class_list":["post-318642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energie-et-environnement","geo-monde"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La compensation carbone favorise l&#039;accaparement de terres<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/02\/23\/de-lafrique-a-lamerique-latine-les-projets-de-compensation-carbone-favorisent-les-risques-daccaparement-des-terres\/\" 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