{"id":312272,"date":"2026-01-08T06:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=312272"},"modified":"2026-01-07T20:19:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T19:19:08","slug":"le-venezuela-a-t-il-reellement-300-milliards-de-barils-de-petrole-en-reserve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/01\/08\/le-venezuela-a-t-il-reellement-300-milliards-de-barils-de-petrole-en-reserve\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Venezuela a-t-il r\u00e9ellement 300 milliards de barils de p\u00e9trole en r\u00e9serve&#160;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Lors de sa conf\u00e9rence de presse, suite aux frappes sur Caracas et \u00e0 l&rsquo;enl\u00e8vement de Maduro, <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/01\/03\/loperation-americaine-au-venezuela-vise-t-elle-avant-tout-les-reserves-de-petrole-du-pays\/\">Donald Trump avait insist\u00e9<\/a> sur le fait que la prise de contr\u00f4le du Venezuela faisait partie de sa politique \u00ab&#160;America First&#160;\u00bb car les \u00c9tats-Unis avaient besoin de p\u00e9trole. Le secr\u00e9taire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9nergie am\u00e9ricain, Chris Wright a confirm\u00e9 hier, mercredi 7 janvier, que les \u00c9tats-Unis allaient contr\u00f4ler les ventes de p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien \u00ab&#160;jusqu\u2019\u00e0 nouvel ordre&#160;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si le pays dispose de r\u00e9serves importantes de p\u00e9trole, la taille de celles-ci \u2014 estim\u00e9es \u00e0 300 milliards de barils \u2014 pourrait avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 sur\u00e9valu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ce chiffre ne repose en effet que sur les d\u00e9clarations effectu\u00e9es par le r\u00e9gime chaviste dans le cadre de l\u2019OPEP, et n\u2019a pas fait l\u2019objet d\u2019audits par des experts ind\u00e9pendants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Officiellement, les r\u00e9serves prouv\u00e9es du pays sont cens\u00e9es avoir tripl\u00e9 entre 2007 et 2010, passant de 99 \u00e0 296 milliards de barils.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cette hausse ne correspond pas \u00e0 de nouvelles d\u00e9couvertes ou explorations majeures, mais \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision du gouvernement de Ch\u00e1vez de reclassifier les r\u00e9serves de l\u2019Or\u00e9noque comme \u00e9tant \u00ab&#160;prouv\u00e9es&#160;\u00bb \u2014 soit dont l\u2019exploitation est \u00e9conomiquement et techniquement possible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/65nSl\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Au-del\u00e0 du seul cas v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien, les donn\u00e9es officielles de r\u00e9serves p\u00e9troli\u00e8res ont la r\u00e9putation d\u2019\u00eatre peu fiables. C\u2019est pour cette raison que la British Petroleum (BP) avait cess\u00e9 depuis 2020 de les int\u00e9grer \u00e0 son panorama annuel des \u00e9nergies qui fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans le secteur. Si l\u2019on se r\u00e9f\u00e8re aux chiffres publi\u00e9s par Rystad Energy, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de conseil qui fait autorit\u00e9, les r\u00e9serves p\u00e9troli\u00e8res exploitables du Venezuela seraient en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 10 fois inf\u00e9rieures au chiffre officiel&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-312272' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/01\/08\/le-venezuela-a-t-il-reellement-300-milliards-de-barils-de-petrole-en-reserve\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-312272' title='Magnus Nysveen, Artem Abramov et Katie Keenan, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.rystadenergy.com\/news\/discovered-recoverable-oil-resources-increased-by-5-billion-barrels-despite-produ&quot;&gt;Discovered, recoverable oil resources increased by 5 billion barrels despite production growth in 2024&lt;\/a&gt;, Rystad Energy, 8 septembre 2025.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En se basant sur le sc\u00e9nario maximaliste de Rystad, qui inclut les champs existants, les ressources contingentes dans les d\u00e9couvertes et les ressources prospectives \u00e0 risque dans les champs encore non d\u00e9couverts, le Venezuela disposerait de 27 milliards de barils de r\u00e9serve.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Celles-ci seraient ainsi largement inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 celles de l\u2019Arabie saoudite (242 milliards de barils) et de la Russie (137 milliards), mais \u00e9galement des \u00c9tats-Unis (169 milliards), qui sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 le premier producteur au monde de p\u00e9trole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/MDaR4\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il faudrait de plus, selon Rystad, investir 183 milliards de dollars dans l\u2019industrie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re du pays pour esp\u00e9rer ramener sa production \u00e0 3 millions de barils par jour, contre 1 million aujourd\u2019hui&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-312272' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/01\/08\/le-venezuela-a-t-il-reellement-300-milliards-de-barils-de-petrole-en-reserve\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-312272' title='Nishant Ugal, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.upstreamonline.com\/production\/venezuela-needs-183-billion-to-lift-oil-output-to-3-million-bpd-rystad-energy\/2-1-1923262&quot;&gt;Venezuela needs $183 billion to lift oil output to 3 million bpd&amp;#160;: Rystad Energy&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;UpStream&lt;\/em&gt;, 6 janvier 2026.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Une analyse satellite r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de renseignement Kayrros a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des signes de v\u00e9tust\u00e9 avanc\u00e9s dans les infrastructures du pays, comme des r\u00e9servoirs corrod\u00e9s ainsi que l\u2019existence de modes de stockage caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s \u00ab&#160;d\u2019inhabituels&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-312272' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/01\/08\/le-venezuela-a-t-il-reellement-300-milliards-de-barils-de-petrole-en-reserve\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-312272' title='Malcolm Moore, Jana Tauschinski, Nassos Stylianou, Lucy Rodgers et Dan Clark, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/cef0a0c5-59be-4b53-83da-4f7fc609c2a8&quot;&gt;The \u2018catastrophic\u2019 state of Venezuela\u2019s oil facilities&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Financial Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 7 janvier 2026.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, des d\u00e9faillances chroniques en mati\u00e8re de maintenance, provoqu\u00e9es par un sous-investissement chronique, ont caus\u00e9 des incendies et des explosions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien, tr\u00e8s lourd et charg\u00e9 en soufre et en m\u00e9taux, est difficile \u00e0 extraire et cher \u00e0 produire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les processus complexes et co\u00fbteux requis pour extraire les bruts de l\u2019Or\u00e9noque, o\u00f9 se trouverait la majeure partie des r\u00e9serves du pays, placent le seuil de rentabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 80 dollars par baril, soit parmi les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s au monde&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-312272' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/01\/08\/le-venezuela-a-t-il-reellement-300-milliards-de-barils-de-petrole-en-reserve\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-312272' title='Ron Bousso, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/trump-offers-us-oil-companies-poisoned-chalice-venezuela-2026-01-06\/&quot;&gt;Trump offers US oil companies a poisoned chalice in Venezuela&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 6 janvier 2026.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Par comparaison, le prix auquel il est rentable de forer un nouveau puits dans les principales r\u00e9gions productrices des \u00c9tats-Unis se situe \u00e0 environ 62 dollars par baril, et 55 dollars pour le p\u00e9trole lourd canadien&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-312272' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/01\/08\/le-venezuela-a-t-il-reellement-300-milliards-de-barils-de-petrole-en-reserve\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-312272' title='Paul Krugman, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/paulkrugman.substack.com\/p\/the-emperors-new-oil-wealth&quot;&gt;The Emperor\u2019s New Oil Wealth&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, 7 janvier 2026.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Au 7 janvier, le prix d\u2019un baril de p\u00e9trole Brent se situait sous la barre des 60 dollars, soit son niveau le plus faible depuis f\u00e9vrier 2021.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le secr\u00e9taire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9nergie am\u00e9ricain, Chris Wright, a confirm\u00e9 hier, mercredi 7 janvier, que les \u00c9tats-Unis allaient contr\u00f4ler les ventes de p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien \u00ab&#160;jusqu\u2019\u00e0 nouvel ordre&#160;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Mais au-del\u00e0 des co\u00fbts massifs requis pour relancer la production v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne, la taille des r\u00e9serves du pays pourrait aussi avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 sur\u00e9valu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":312276,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":4,"_lgc_tts_voice":"","_lgc_tts_publish":false,"_lgc_tts_history_item_id":"","_lgc_tts_generated_at":"","_lgc_tts_status":"","_lgc_tts_error":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1730],"tags":[],"staff":[4180],"editorial_format":[4942],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[525],"class_list":["post-312272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energie-et-environnement","staff-guillaume-duval","editorial_format-actu-breves","geo-ameriques"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false,"_thumbnail_id":312276,"excerpt":"Le secr\u00e9taire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9nergie am\u00e9ricain, Chris Wright, a confirm\u00e9 hier, mercredi 7 janvier, que les \u00c9tats-Unis allaient contr\u00f4ler les ventes de p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien \u00abjusqu\u2019\u00e0 nouvel ordre\u00bb.\r\n\r\nMais au-del\u00e0 des co\u00fbts massifs requis pour relancer la production v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne, la taille des r\u00e9serves du pays pourrait aussi avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 sur\u00e9valu\u00e9e.","display_date":"","new_abstract":true},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le Venezuela a-t-il vraiment 300 milliards de barils de p\u00e9trole ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/01\/08\/le-venezuela-a-t-il-reellement-300-milliards-de-barils-de-petrole-en-reserve\/\" \/>\n<meta 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Mais au-del\u00e0 des co\u00fbts massifs requis pour relancer la production v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne, la taille des r\u00e9serves du pays pourrait aussi avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 sur\u00e9valu\u00e9e.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2026\/01\/08\/le-venezuela-a-t-il-reellement-300-milliards-de-barils-de-petrole-en-reserve\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-08T05:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/01\/gc-share-venezuela-300-md-barils.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1888\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1056\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta 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