{"id":310905,"date":"2025-12-31T06:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=310905"},"modified":"2025-12-30T19:20:39","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T18:20:39","slug":"en-une-decennie-la-chine-est-devenue-le-premier-exportateur-de-caviar-au-monde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/31\/en-une-decennie-la-chine-est-devenue-le-premier-exportateur-de-caviar-au-monde\/","title":{"rendered":"En une d\u00e9cennie, la Chine est devenue le premier exportateur de caviar au monde"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le caviar est un mets dont la consommation est relativement r\u00e9cente. Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 partir du XVIe si\u00e8cle qu\u2019il est servi \u00e0 la cour des tsars russes, avant de faire son apparition dans les hautes-soci\u00e9t\u00e9s europ\u00e9enne et am\u00e9ricaine au XIXe si\u00e8cle. En Perse, les classes populaires en mangeaient d\u00e8s le Xe si\u00e8cle&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-310905' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/31\/en-une-decennie-la-chine-est-devenue-le-premier-exportateur-de-caviar-au-monde\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-310905' title='Gillian Tett, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/461009e1-ec74-47ab-ae6b-72a32474df31&quot;&gt;China isn\u2019t just dumping cheap goods anymore \u2014 it\u2019s sending caviar&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Financial Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 26 d\u00e9cembre 2025.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u2019il est avant tout consomm\u00e9 en Europe et aux \u00c9tats-Unis, il y a de fortes chances que le caviar servi lors du r\u00e9veillon du Nouvel An vienne de Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pour cause, la part de march\u00e9 de P\u00e9kin a tripl\u00e9 au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie. En 2024, les producteurs chinois repr\u00e9sentaient 43&#160;% des exportations mondiales, contre 14&#160;% en 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ces derniers ont ainsi \u00e9vinc\u00e9 leurs concurrents europ\u00e9ens, notamment l\u2019Italie et la France, o\u00f9 s\u2019\u00e9taient d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies de grandes maisons productrices de caviar comme Agroittica Lombarda ou Kaviar-Sturgeon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La production cumul\u00e9e des cinq principaux producteurs europ\u00e9ens (Italie, France, Pologne, Allemagne et Belgique) est aujourd\u2019hui moindre que celle de la Chine, ceux-ci d\u00e9tenant 36&#160;% du march\u00e9 global.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/KHNRo\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>En raison de d\u00e9cennies de surp\u00eache qui ont d\u00e9cim\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 90&#160;% des populations d\u2019esturgeon b\u00e9luga dans la mer Caspienne, le commerce international du caviar sauvage est r\u00e9glement\u00e9 depuis les ann\u00e9es 1990 par la CITES. Les exportations de caviar provenant d\u2019esturgeons sauvages par les pays riverains de la mer Caspienne, dont la Russie, sont depuis fortement limit\u00e9es. Ces r\u00e9glementations ont conduit au d\u00e9veloppement de fermes en aquaculture, et les \u0153ufs issus d\u2019esturgeons d\u2019\u00e9levage ont remplac\u00e9 les \u0153ufs de poissons sauvages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, la quasi-totalit\u00e9 du caviar consomm\u00e9 dans le monde provient de l\u2019\u00e9levage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ce bouleversement de la production a conduit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de nouveaux acteurs, parmi lesquels figure Kaluga Queen, une entreprise chinoise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans le caviar, fond\u00e9e en 2003 par Hangzhou Qiandaohu Xunlong Sci-Tech.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Soutenue par le gouvernement chinois et mont\u00e9e par des experts travaillant pour le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Agriculture, la marque Kaluga Queen est devenue en deux d\u00e9cennies le leader mondial du secteur, et a produit 260 tonnes de caviar l\u2019an dernier (35&#160;% de la production mondiale).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kaluga Queen fournit d\u00e9sormais le caviar consomm\u00e9 dans 70&#160;% des restaurants \u00e9toil\u00e9s Michelin dans le monde. \u00c0 Paris, l\u2019entreprise revendique approvisionner 21 des 26 restaurants trois \u00e9toiles \u2014 confondant la capitale fran\u00e7aise, qui compte 10 restaurants trois \u00e9toiles, avec le pays dans son ensemble&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-310905' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/31\/en-une-decennie-la-chine-est-devenue-le-premier-exportateur-de-caviar-au-monde\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-310905' title='Charlie Campbell, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/time.com\/5070817\/china-caviar-beluga-sturgeon-farmed-kaluga\/&quot;&gt;Your High Quality Caviar Might Just Be Made in China&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Time&lt;\/em&gt;, 20 d\u00e9cembre 2017.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/HJQcx\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La domination qu\u2019exerce la Chine dans le secteur pourrait surprendre. Pour cause, les restaurants \u2014 notamment les plus prestigieux \u2014 sont r\u00e9ticents \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019afficher l\u2019origine chinoise du caviar servi dans leurs plats, pr\u00e9f\u00e9rant revendiquer une provenance de Russie ou d\u2019Iran, berceau historique&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-310905' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/31\/en-une-decennie-la-chine-est-devenue-le-premier-exportateur-de-caviar-au-monde\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-310905' title='Kate Krader, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2017-09-19\/the-world-s-best-caviar-doesn-t-come-from-russia-anymore&quot;&gt;The World\u2019s Best Caviar Doesn\u2019t Come From Russia Anymore&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Bloomberg&lt;\/em&gt;, 19 septembre 2017.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u2019est pour pallier la mauvaise r\u00e9putation dont jouissent les mets gastronomiques chinois que Xi Jinping a appel\u00e9 en 2022, lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence sur le travail rural, \u00e0 \u00ab&#160;accorder une attention particuli\u00e8re aux sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s locales&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-310905' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/31\/en-une-decennie-la-chine-est-devenue-le-premier-exportateur-de-caviar-au-monde\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-310905' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.idcpc.gov.cn\/english2023\/ttxw\/tttp\/202307\/t20230717_152776.html&quot;&gt;Xi Jinping delivers speech at central rural work conference, International Department of Central Committee of CPC&lt;\/a&gt;, 25 d\u00e9cembre 2022.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le caviar n\u2019est pas un mets isol\u00e9 dans la qu\u00eate chinoise du march\u00e9 de la gastronomie de luxe&#160;: P\u00e9kin produit aujourd\u2019hui plusieurs tonnes de foie gras par an, et investit massivement dans la culture des truffes et des cerises&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-310905' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/31\/en-une-decennie-la-chine-est-devenue-le-premier-exportateur-de-caviar-au-monde\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-310905' title='Eleanor Olcott, Thomas Hale et Haohsiang Ko, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/e020def9-e455-44fb-bedc-b3b4fc28c304&quot;&gt;Caviar and foie gras&amp;#160;? China is becoming a luxury food powerhouse&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Financial Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 23 d\u00e9cembre 2025.\u00a0'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En mars, le m\u00e9dia sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 <em>Salmon Business <\/em>lan\u00e7ait un avertissement&#160;: \u00ab&#160;gr\u00e2ce au soutien du gouvernement, aux all\u00e9gements fiscaux et \u00e0 l&rsquo;absence de frais d&rsquo;importation, le saumon d&rsquo;\u00e9levage chinois pourrait \u00eatre sur le point de concurrencer les meilleurs saumons norv\u00e9giens et \u00e9cossais&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-310905' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/31\/en-une-decennie-la-chine-est-devenue-le-premier-exportateur-de-caviar-au-monde\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-310905' title='Matthew Wilcox, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.salmonbusiness.com\/china-has-the-incentives-the-market-and-now-the-fish-nordic-aqua-ceos-stunt-a-wake-up-call-for-norway\/&quot;&gt;China has the incentives, the market, and now the fish \u2014 Nordic Aqua CEO\u2019s stunt a wake up call for Norway&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Salmon Business&lt;\/em&gt;, 7 mars 2025.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autrefois principalement produit et consomm\u00e9 sur les rives de la Caspienne et de la mer Noire, il y a aujourd\u2019hui de fortes chances que le caviar servi lors du r\u00e9veillon du Nouvel An vienne de Chine.<\/p>\n<p>La croissance des exportations chinoises d\u2019or noir est le fruit de politiques mises en place par P\u00e9kin visant \u00e0 faire de la Chine l\u2019un des principaux fournisseurs de mets fins au monde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":310915,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3468],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[531],"class_list":["post-310905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-donnees-qui-changent-la-donne","geo-chine"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La Chine est devenue le premier exportateur de caviar au monde<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/31\/en-une-decennie-la-chine-est-devenue-le-premier-exportateur-de-caviar-au-monde\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Chine est devenue le premier exportateur de caviar au monde\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Autrefois principalement produit et consomm\u00e9 sur les rives de la Caspienne et de la mer Noire, il y a aujourd\u2019hui de fortes chances que le caviar servi lors du r\u00e9veillon du Nouvel An vienne de Chine.  La croissance des exportations chinoises d\u2019or noir est le fruit de politiques mises en place par P\u00e9kin visant \u00e0 faire de la Chine l\u2019un des principaux fournisseurs de mets fins au monde.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/31\/en-une-decennie-la-chine-est-devenue-le-premier-exportateur-de-caviar-au-monde\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-31T05:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/12\/gc-share-chine-expo-caviar.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1890\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1060\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta 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