{"id":309918,"date":"2025-12-25T07:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-25T06:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=309918"},"modified":"2025-12-24T18:39:54","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T17:39:54","slug":"leconomie-de-jane-austen-250-ans-apres-sa-naissance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/25\/leconomie-de-jane-austen-250-ans-apres-sa-naissance\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00e9conomie de Jane Austen, 250 ans apr\u00e8s sa naissance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Peut-on dire, comme l\u2019a \u00e9crit W.H. Auden, que Jane Austen a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9&#160;: \u00ab&#160;Avec une telle franchise, une telle sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 \/ le fondement \u00e9conomique de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-309918' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/25\/leconomie-de-jane-austen-250-ans-apres-sa-naissance\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-309918' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;So frankly and with such sobriety \/ The economic basis of societyW. H. Auden, \u00ab&amp;#160;Letter to Lord Byron&amp;#160;\u00bb,&lt;em&gt; Longer Contemporary Poems&lt;\/em&gt;, Penguin Books, 1966.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>&#160;?\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette question implique d\u2019abord de d\u00e9terminer les fortunes respectives des principaux personnages de romans de Jane Austen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La richesse des personnages des romans est calcul\u00e9e par le revenu en livres par an, qui correspond environ \u00e0 5&#160;% de la fortune totale.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D&rsquo;apr\u00e8s Edward Copeland et Juliet McMaster, dans <em>The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen<\/em>, 400 livres de revenu permettent d&rsquo;appartenir \u00e0 la gentry, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 la classe des propri\u00e9taires terriens&#160;; 2 000 livres constituent une fortune confortable&#160;; et au-del\u00e0 de 4 000 livres par an, il est possible de mener une vie fastueuse&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-309918' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/25\/leconomie-de-jane-austen-250-ans-apres-sa-naissance\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-309918' title='Edward Copeland et Juliet McMaster, &lt;em&gt;The Cambridge companion to Jane Austen&lt;\/em&gt;, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Des revenus \u00e9quivalents \u00e0 10 000 livres, \u00e0 l\u2019instar de ceux de Mr. Darcy, permettent d\u2019avoir un domaine \u00e0 la campagne, une grande maison \u00e0 Londres, des domestiques et le train de vie qui accompagne de telles richesses&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-309918' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/25\/leconomie-de-jane-austen-250-ans-apres-sa-naissance\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-309918' title='&lt;em&gt;Ibid.&lt;\/em&gt;, p. 136.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ces sommes absolues d\u00e9pendent de la situation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des individus.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ainsi, une jeune femme c\u00e9libataire comme Emma Woodhouse \u2014 le personnaage central d&rsquo;<em>Emma<\/em> \u2014 qui dispose d&rsquo;un revenu de 1 500 livres, est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme \u00ab&#160;belle, intelligente et riche&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-309918' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/25\/leconomie-de-jane-austen-250-ans-apres-sa-naissance\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-309918' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;Handsome, clever and rich&amp;#160;\u00bb, Jane Austen, &lt;em&gt;Emma&lt;\/em&gt;, 1815.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, tandis que les revenus de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de Mr. Bennet, de 2 000 livres par an, ne pouvant \u00eatre transmis qu\u2019\u00e0 un h\u00e9ritier de sexe masculin, placent ses cinq filles face au risque d\u2019un d\u00e9classement social.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les revenus d\u2019un travailleur agricole de l\u2019\u00e9poque sont estim\u00e9s \u00e0 25 livres, et ceux d\u2019un petit commer\u00e7ant \u00e0 100 livres par an&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-309918' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/25\/leconomie-de-jane-austen-250-ans-apres-sa-naissance\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-309918' title='Janet M. Todd, &lt;em&gt;Jane Austen in context&lt;\/em&gt;, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 320.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le d\u00e9but du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle britannique est marqu\u00e9 par une forte inflation \u2014 la majorit\u00e9 des romans sont publi\u00e9s pendant les Guerres napol\u00e9oniennes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ainsi, la fortune de Mr. Darcy dans <em>Pride and Prejudice<\/em>, dont l\u2019intrigue se d\u00e9roule une quinzaine d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es avant celle de <em>Mansfield Park<\/em>, demeure relativement plus importante que celle de Mr. Rushworth&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-309918' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/25\/leconomie-de-jane-austen-250-ans-apres-sa-naissance\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-309918' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.economist.com\/christmas-specials\/2025\/12\/12\/was-mr-darcy-the-richest-of-all-jane-austens-character&quot;&gt;Was Mr Darcy the richest of all Jane Austen\u2019s characters&amp;#160;?&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;The Economist&lt;\/em&gt;, 12 d\u00e9cembre 2025.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Zn4MQ\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mr. Darcy est-il aim\u00e9 pour sa fortune&#160;?\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des romans sentimentaux et psychologiques, ceux de Jane Austen sont marqu\u00e9s par leur \u00e9poque et placent donc au centre du r\u00e9cit des d\u00e9bats pr\u00e9cis sur la fortune mat\u00e9rielle des individus.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00c0 premi\u00e8re vue, les personnages de <em>Pride and Prejudice<\/em> sont d\u00e9finis d\u2019abord par leur fortune, sugg\u00e9rant un r\u00e9cit mat\u00e9rialiste.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En effet, la premi\u00e8re description de Mr. Darcy insiste longuement sur l\u2019effet caus\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9vocation de ses revenus&#160;: \u00ab&#160;Mr. Darcy attira rapidement l\u2019attention de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e par sa grande taille, ses traits \u00e9l\u00e9gants, sa noble allure, et par la rumeur, r\u00e9pandue largement dans toute l\u2019assistance, cinq minutes apr\u00e8s son entr\u00e9e, qu\u2019il avait dix mille de revenu par an&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-7-309918' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/25\/leconomie-de-jane-austen-250-ans-apres-sa-naissance\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-309918' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mien, and the report which was in general circulation within five minutes after his entrance, of his having ten thousand a year&amp;#160;\u00bb. Jane Austen, &lt;em&gt;Pride and Prejudice&lt;\/em&gt;, 1813, Chapitre 3.'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cependant, les personnages les plus positifs du roman sont ceux qui semblent indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 l\u2019argent.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elizabeth Bennett, lors d\u2019une confrontation avec Lady de Bourgh, montre ses qualit\u00e9s en r\u00e9pondant avec fermet\u00e9 et sans complaisance&#160;: \u00ab&#160;[Elizabeth consid\u00e9ra qu\u2019elle pouvait constater sans fr\u00e9mir la majest\u00e9 de l\u2019argent et du rang\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-8-309918' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/25\/leconomie-de-jane-austen-250-ans-apres-sa-naissance\/#easy-footnote-bottom-8-309918' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;The mere stateliness of money or rank [Elizabeth] thought she could witness without trepidation&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ibid.&lt;\/em&gt;, Chapitre 29.'><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le d\u00e9sint\u00e9r\u00eat vis-\u00e0-vis de la richesse ostentatoire conduit malgr\u00e9 tout Elizabeth Bennett \u00e0 \u00e9pouser, \u00e0 la fin du roman, le tr\u00e8s riche Mr Darcy. Cette conclusion suscite des doutes \u00e0 propos des motivations d\u2019Elizabeth, notamment lors de la sc\u00e8ne o\u00f9 elle aper\u00e7oit pour la premi\u00e8re fois la propri\u00e9t\u00e9<strong> <\/strong>de Mr Darcy, Pemberley&#160;: \u00ab&#160;Elizabeth \u00e9tait absolument ravie. [&#8230;] [Tous] \u00e9taient enthousiastes dans leur admiration&#160;; et, \u00e0 ce moment, elle sentit qu\u2019\u00eatre la ma\u00eetresse de Pemberley serait quelque chose&#160;!&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-9-309918' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/25\/leconomie-de-jane-austen-250-ans-apres-sa-naissance\/#easy-footnote-bottom-9-309918' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;She was delighted. [&amp;#8230;]They were all of them warm in their admiration&amp;#160;; and at that moment she felt that to be mistress of Pemberley might be something&amp;#160;!&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Pride and Prejudice&lt;\/em&gt;, chapitre 43.'><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La poursuite de la description de Pemberley permet de mieux comprendre l\u2019\u00e9quilibre entre le r\u00e9alisme des consid\u00e9rations et l\u2019emportement du c\u0153ur dans l\u2019univers d\u2019Austen&#160;: \u00ab&#160;Devant [le domaine], un cours d\u2019eau, naturellement large, s\u2019\u00e9largissait dans un bassin, sans para\u00eetre artificiel pour autant. Ses rives n\u2019\u00e9taient ni formelles, ni faussement d\u00e9cor\u00e9es&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-10-309918' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/25\/leconomie-de-jane-austen-250-ans-apres-sa-naissance\/#easy-footnote-bottom-10-309918' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;In front [of the country estate], a stream of some natural importance was swelled into greater, but without any artificial appearance. Its banks were neither formal, nor falsely adorned&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Ibidem&lt;\/em&gt;.'><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Le domaine et le parc qui entourent Pemberley, loin de toute ostentation, r\u00e9v\u00e8lent au contraire la modestie dans le luxe, la sinc\u00e9rit\u00e9 des aspirations, et surtout le bon go\u00fbt naturel de Mr. Darcy \u2013 signes de ses inquantifiables qualit\u00e9s int\u00e9rieures.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le lecteur peut donc \u00eatre rassur\u00e9, en ces p\u00e9riodes de f\u00eates dont la dimension mat\u00e9rialiste inqui\u00e8te parfois&#160;: la fortune de Mr. Darcy contribue certes aux fantasmes qu\u2019il suscite, mais sert avant tout \u00e0 mettre en valeur ses qualit\u00e9s morales.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il est une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 universellement admise qu\u2019un lecteur fid\u00e8le du Grand Continent souhaite, pour le 250\u00e8me anniversaire de la naissance d\u2019une des plus grandes romanci\u00e8res britanniques \u2013 et le jour de No\u00ebl \u2013 conna\u00eetre les imbrications des fortunes mat\u00e9rielles et des destins sentimentaux des personnages de ses principaux romans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":309919,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4344,1],"tags":[],"geo":[1917],"class_list":["post-309918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-litterature","category-uncategorised","geo-europe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019\u00e9conomie de Jane Austen, 250 ans apr\u00e8s sa naissance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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