{"id":307837,"date":"2025-12-09T18:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T17:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=307837"},"modified":"2025-12-09T18:05:52","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T17:05:52","slug":"lenergie-va-t-elle-permettre-a-la-chine-de-depasser-les-etats-unis-dans-la-course-a-lia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/09\/lenergie-va-t-elle-permettre-a-la-chine-de-depasser-les-etats-unis-dans-la-course-a-lia\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00e9nergie va-t-elle permettre \u00e0 la Chine de d\u00e9passer les \u00c9tats-Unis dans la course \u00e0 l\u2019IA&#160;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Les \u00c9tats-Unis dominent la course \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence artificielle selon la plupart des indicateurs. Le pays dispose du plus grand nombre de mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, des processeurs graphiques (GPU) les plus performants, de <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/10\/02\/les-emirats-arabes-unis-disposent-de-la-deuxieme-puissance-de-calcul-dediee-a-lia-la-plus-importante-au-monde\/\">la puissance de calcul la plus importante<\/a>\u2026 C\u2019est \u00e9galement aux \u00c9tats-Unis que le plus grand nombre de start-ups d\u00e9di\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019IA sont fond\u00e9es et que <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/10\/24\/malgre-1-000-milliards-de-dollars-de-promesses-dinvestissements-openai-peine-a-trouver-un-modele-economique\/\">les investissements les plus massifs<\/a> dans la technologie sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toutefois, le d\u00e9veloppement des capacit\u00e9s chinoises de production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 pourrait conf\u00e9rer \u00e0 P\u00e9kin un avantage consid\u00e9rable sur les \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les centres de donn\u00e9es requi\u00e8rent des quantit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9nergie extr\u00eamement importantes pour entra\u00eener et faire tourner les mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019investisseur allemand Leopold Aschenbrenner affirmait dans son livre <em>Situational Awareness<\/em>, publi\u00e9 en 2024, que l\u2019\u00e9nergie deviendra un goulot d\u2019\u00e9tranglement et un champ de bataille crucial dans la concurrence mondiale en mati\u00e8re d\u2019IA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En novembre, le PDG de Microsoft Satya Nadella d\u00e9clarait dans une interview que<a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/11\/25\/avec-la-mission-genesis-trump-veut-lancer-un-projet-manhattan-de-lia\/\"> l\u2019entreprise disposait de GPU de Nvidia en r\u00e9serve<\/a> car il manquait les infrastructures \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques pour les utiliser&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-307837' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/09\/lenergie-va-t-elle-permettre-a-la-chine-de-depasser-les-etats-unis-dans-la-course-a-lia\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-307837' title='Jowi Morales, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.tomshardware.com\/tech-industry\/artificial-intelligence\/microsoft-ceo-says-the-company-doesnt-have-enough-electricity-to-install-all-the-ai-gpus-in-its-inventory-you-may-actually-have-a-bunch-of-chips-sitting-in-inventory-that-i-cant-plug-in&quot;&gt;Microsoft CEO says the company doesn&amp;rsquo;t have enough electricity to install all the AI GPUs in its inventory &amp;#8211; &amp;lsquo;you may actually have a bunch of chips sitting in inventory that I can\u2019t plug in&amp;rsquo;&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, Tom&amp;rsquo;s Hardware, 2 novembre 2025.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Qt2C2\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Contrairement aux \u00c9tats-Unis, la Chine investit massivement depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es dans ses capacit\u00e9s de production et son r\u00e9seau de transport d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Depuis <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/24\/la-chine-connait-la-pire-vague-de-chaleur-de-lhistoire-mondiale\/\">les p\u00e9nuries massives qui ont touch\u00e9 le pays<\/a> en 2021-2022, notamment durant l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9, <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/08\/23\/la-chine-a-installe-lequivalent-de-100-panneaux-solaires-par-seconde-en-mai\/\">P\u00e9kin a acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9<\/a> la construction de capacit\u00e9s renouvelables, de centrales \u00e0 charbon et nucl\u00e9aires. Goldman Sachs estime que le pays disposera d\u2019ici 2030 d&rsquo;une capacit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique \u00ab&#160;de r\u00e9serve&#160;\u00bb d&rsquo;environ 400 GW, soit le triple des besoins pr\u00e9vus pour l&rsquo;ensemble des centres de donn\u00e9es mondiaux&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-307837' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/09\/lenergie-va-t-elle-permettre-a-la-chine-de-depasser-les-etats-unis-dans-la-course-a-lia\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-307837' title='Dan Murtaugh, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2025-11-14\/goldman-sees-china-power-push-giving-it-edge-over-us-in-ai-race&quot;&gt;Goldman Sees China Power Push Giving It Edge Over US in AI Race&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Bloomberg&lt;\/em&gt;, 14 novembre 2025.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u00e9kin a lanc\u00e9, d\u00e8s 2022, une initiative baptis\u00e9e \u00ab&#160;Donn\u00e9es de l\u2019Est et Informatique de l\u2019Ouest&#160;\u00bb (\u4e1c\u6570\u897f\u7b97) qui vise \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper son r\u00e9seau d\u2019alimentation des infrastructures de l\u2019IA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Celle-ci vise \u00e0 relier l\u2019est du pays, o\u00f9 se trouve la majeure partie des centres de recherche et universit\u00e9s leaders en mati\u00e8re d\u2019IA, avec le centre et l\u2019ouest, riches en ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, notamment renouvelables.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/15\/la-chine-devance-leurope-et-les-etats-unis-dans-la-recherche-sur-lia\/\">reliant l\u2019ouest \u00e0 l\u2019est via des \u00ab&#160;corridors informatiques&#160;\u00bb<\/a>, P\u00e9kin veut d\u00e9velopper une infrastructure permettant de mieux r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e dans les r\u00e9gions c\u00f4ti\u00e8res en connectant les campus \u00e0 des centres de calcul via des r\u00e9seaux de fibre optique s\u2019\u00e9talant sur des milliers de kilom\u00e8tres \u00e0 travers le pays.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/z86m2\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, la croissance rapide du rythme de construction de nouveaux centres de donn\u00e9es n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 suivie par le d\u00e9ploiement de nouvelles capacit\u00e9s de production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 pour assurer leur alimentation. Aujourd\u2019hui, huit des treize r\u00e9seaux r\u00e9gionaux am\u00e9ricains ont atteint voire d\u00e9pass\u00e9 leurs niveaux critiques de capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9serve, les rendant vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 des hausses soudaines de prix ou \u00e0 des p\u00e9nuries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Alors que le pays a besoin de plus d\u2019\u00e9nergie pour <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/04\/10\/la-consommation-delectricite-des-centres-de-donnees-qui-alimentent-lia-devrait-tripler-dici-2035\/\">soutenir la demande<\/a> \u2014 et anticiper les futurs besoins g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par l\u2019IA \u2014, l\u2019administration Trump a annul\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 900 projets de construction de nouvelles capacit\u00e9s de production depuis janvier.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ces derniers repr\u00e9sentent, selon la plateforme Cleanview, l\u2019\u00e9quivalent de 266 GW de production totale d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, soit environ un quart de la capacit\u00e9 actuelle des \u00c9tats-Unis&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-307837' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/09\/lenergie-va-t-elle-permettre-a-la-chine-de-depasser-les-etats-unis-dans-la-course-a-lia\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-307837' title='Michael Thomas, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/newsletter.cleanview.co\/p\/america-is-losing-power-projects&quot;&gt;America is Losing Power Projects When It Needs Them Most&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Cleanview Newsletter&lt;\/em&gt;, 9 d\u00e9cembre 2025.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Chine investit massivement depuis 2022 dans des infrastructures destin\u00e9es \u00e0 alimenter ses centres de donn\u00e9es et relier ses laboratoires de recherche sur l\u2019intelligence artificielle, \u00e0 l\u2019est, au centre et \u00e0 l\u2019ouest du pays, riches en ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n<p>Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, les r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques vieillissants et le manque d\u2019investissements dans de nouvelles capacit\u00e9s de production pourraient freiner le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019IA.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":307839,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3412],"tags":[],"geo":[531],"class_list":["post-307837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-puissances-de-lia","geo-chine"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La Chine va-t-elle d\u00e9passer les \u00c9tats-Unis dans la course \u00e0 l&#039;IA ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/09\/lenergie-va-t-elle-permettre-a-la-chine-de-depasser-les-etats-unis-dans-la-course-a-lia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Chine va-t-elle d\u00e9passer les \u00c9tats-Unis dans la course \u00e0 l&#039;IA ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La Chine investit massivement depuis 2022 dans des infrastructures destin\u00e9es \u00e0 alimenter ses centres de donn\u00e9es et relier ses laboratoires de recherche sur l\u2019intelligence artificielle, \u00e0 l\u2019est, au centre et \u00e0 l\u2019ouest du pays, riches en ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques.  Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, les r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques vieillissants et le manque d\u2019investissements dans de nouvelles capacit\u00e9s de production pourraient freiner le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019IA.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/12\/09\/lenergie-va-t-elle-permettre-a-la-chine-de-depasser-les-etats-unis-dans-la-course-a-lia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-09T17:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/12\/gc-share-energie-chine-us-ia.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1894\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1054\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" 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