{"id":3075,"date":"2018-05-14T07:45:31","date_gmt":"2018-05-14T05:45:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lldl.eu\/?p=3075"},"modified":"2019-05-30T18:17:28","modified_gmt":"2019-05-30T16:17:28","slug":"la-convergence-entre-xi-et-poutine-favorisee-par-laugmentation-des-exportations-du-petrole-russe-en-chine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2018\/05\/14\/la-convergence-entre-xi-et-poutine-favorisee-par-laugmentation-des-exportations-du-petrole-russe-en-chine\/","title":{"rendered":"La convergence entre Xi et Poutine favoris\u00e9e par l\u2019augmentation des exportations du p\u00e9trole russe en Chine"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Sib\u00e9rie orientale<\/em>. Une tendance profonde semble s&rsquo;acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer. Si l\u2019Union demeure le client principal de la Russie, la proportion de ses importations de p\u00e9trole est en baisse \u2014 alors qu\u2019augmentent les exportations russes en Asie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette semaine, Reuters rapportait la prise de position de Transneft, l\u2019entreprise qui a le monopole sur les pipelines russes (90&#160;% du p\u00e9trole transite par les 70 000 kilom\u00e8tres des conduites contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par ce g\u00e9ant public fond\u00e9 en 1993). Selon un porte parole de Transneft, la Russie aurait augment\u00e9 ses exportations vers la Chine de 50&#160;% par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente en r\u00e9action \u00e0 la diminution de la demande europ\u00e9enne pour un produit de moindre qualit\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019offre du march\u00e9 (<strong>5<\/strong>). Pour le moment la Russie transporte le p\u00e9trole en Chine \u00e0 travers des connexions qui traversent le Kazakhstan et en se servant de l\u2019ol\u00e9oduc Sib\u00e9rie orientale-Oc\u00e9an pacifique (ESPO), mais plusieurs projets sont en cours de r\u00e9alisations (cf. <em>perspectives<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans le d\u00e9bat des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, plusieurs commentateurs avaient not\u00e9 une possible convergence politique entre Poutine et Xi, en parlant m\u00eame d\u2019un \u201cRussia\u2019s pivot to Asia\u201d (<strong>4<\/strong>) qui trouvait cependant dans les questions \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques une limite \u00e0 sa transformation en doctrine (<strong>3<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On pourrait \u00eatre aujourd\u2019hui dans le moment pivot de cette s\u00e9quence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Perspectives&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Xi Jinping et Vladimir Poutine se retrouveront pour la premi\u00e8re fois depuis le quatri\u00e8me succ\u00e8s \u00e9lectoral du Pr\u00e9sident russe \u00e0 Qingdao en juin, probablement aux environs du 9-10, dans le cadre des rencontres de la Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), une organisation internationale qui fournit un cadre de coop\u00e9ration permanent \u00e0 quatre pays d\u2019Asie centrale (Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Tadjikistan et Ouzb\u00e9kistan), \u00e0 la Russie et \u00e0 la Chine.<\/li><li>Attention \u00e0 la publication le 25 juin des statistiques sur les exportations du p\u00e9trole par la Banque Centrale de Russie (<strong>1<\/strong>). <em>NB<\/em>. Il est toujours difficile de mesurer l\u2019importance du p\u00e9trole et du gaz naturel pour l\u2019\u00e9conomie russe. L\u2019institut de statistique f\u00e9d\u00e9ral russe (Goskomstat Rossii) semble avoir d\u00e9j\u00e0 diminu\u00e9 le poids jou\u00e9 par le secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique en le limitant aux alentours de 1\/10 du PIB (<strong>5<\/strong>). La Russie n\u2019est, certes, pas un \u00c9tat qui d\u00e9pend du p\u00e9trole (<em>oil state<\/em>), on peut estimer toutefois que le secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique compte pour \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s \u2155 du PIB national.<\/li><li>L\u2019accord monstre (400 milliards de dollars) sign\u00e9 le 28 mai 2014 entre Gazprom et China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPN) pr\u00e9voit la construction d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de pipelines n\u00e9cessaires au transit des 38 milliard de m\u00e8tres cubes par an pr\u00e9vus. Le projet le plus ambitieux de pipeline, Force de Sib\u00e9rie, devrait \u00eatre op\u00e9rationnel le 20 D\u00e9cembre 2019 (<strong>2<\/strong>) \u2014 important de noter que la dur\u00e9e de l\u2019accord est de 30 ans.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sources&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Central Bank of Russia, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbr.ru\/eng\/statistics\/?Prtid=svs&amp;ch=vt2#CheckedItem\">External Sector Statistics<\/a>.<\/li><li>Gazprom, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gazprom.com\/press\/news\/2018\/march\/article413496\/\">Linear part of Power of Siberia completed by 75.5&#160;%<\/a>, 21 mars 2018<\/li><li>JOHNSON Keith, <a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2015\/05\/08\/russias-stumbling-pivot-to-asia-putin-xi-natural-gas-gazprom-altai\/\">Russia\u2019s Stumbling Pivot to Asia<\/a>, 8 mai 2015.<\/li><li>LO Bobo, HILL Fiona, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/opinions\/putins-pivot-why-russia-is-looking-east\/\">Putin\u2019s Pivot&#160;: Why Russia is Looking East<\/a>, <em>Brookings<\/em>, 31 juillet 2013.<\/li><li>MASAAKI Kuboniwa , SHINICHIRO Tabaka and USTINOVA Natalya (2005). <a href=\"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/2e09\/24bbdbb35ab2ab50665165db174f5794448b.pdf\">How Large is the Oil and Gas Sector in Russia&#160;?<\/a>\n\n, <em>Eurasian Geography and Economics<\/em>, 46 (1), 68-76.<\/li><li>Reuters, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-russia-oil-urals\/russias-oil-exports-to-europe-decline-as-quality-worsens-idUSKBN1I923D\">Russia&rsquo;s oil exports to Europe decline as quality worsens<\/a>, 8 mai 2018.<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une tendance profonde semble s&rsquo;acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer. Si l\u2019Union demeure le client principal de la Russie, la proportion de ses importations de p\u00e9trole est en baisse \u2014 alors qu\u2019augmentent les exportations russes en Asie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1730],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[531],"class_list":["post-3075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energie-et-environnement","geo-chine"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La convergence entre Xi et Poutine favoris\u00e9e par l\u2019augmentation des exportations du p\u00e9trole russe en Chine | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2018\/05\/14\/la-convergence-entre-xi-et-poutine-favorisee-par-laugmentation-des-exportations-du-petrole-russe-en-chine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La convergence entre Xi et Poutine favoris\u00e9e par l\u2019augmentation des exportations du p\u00e9trole russe en Chine | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une tendance profonde semble s&#039;acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer. 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