{"id":289212,"date":"2025-07-24T17:23:27","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T15:23:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=289212"},"modified":"2025-07-24T17:23:30","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T15:23:30","slug":"max-la-messagerie-nationale-comment-poutine-veut-creer-un-goulag-numerique-en-russie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/24\/max-la-messagerie-nationale-comment-poutine-veut-creer-un-goulag-numerique-en-russie\/","title":{"rendered":"Max, la messagerie nationale&#160;: comment Poutine veut cr\u00e9er un \u00ab&#160;goulag num\u00e9rique&#160;\u00bb en Russie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Avec pr\u00e8s de 100 millions d\u2019utilisateurs mensuels, soit plus des deux tiers de la population du pays, WhatsApp est l\u2019application de messagerie la plus utilis\u00e9e en Russie. Celle-ci est pourtant la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l\u2019entreprise am\u00e9ricaine Meta, cat\u00e9goris\u00e9e comme une \u00ab&#160;organisation extr\u00e9miste&#160;\u00bb, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d\u2019autres plateformes dont Facebook, Instagram et Threads. Telegram, bien que vu d\u2019un meilleur \u0153il, \u00e9chappe toujours au contr\u00f4le des autorit\u00e9s russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Afin de renforcer son contr\u00f4le sur la sph\u00e8re num\u00e9rique, Moscou d\u00e9veloppe depuis plusieurs mois sa propre application de messagerie instantan\u00e9e&#160;: Max.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lanc\u00e9 en mars par le g\u00e9ant technologique russe VK, propri\u00e9taire du r\u00e9seau social VKontakte (un service similaire \u00e0 Facebook) et con\u00e7u comme une plateforme d\u2019\u00e9change de messages et de fichiers, Max devrait progressivement int\u00e9grer de nouveaux services comme un syst\u00e8me de paiement, une biblioth\u00e8que d\u2019applications ainsi que la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019utiliser et d\u2019interagir avec des services gouvernementaux.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c0 terme, l\u2019application pourrait occuper des fonctions \u00e9quivalentes \u00e0 celles de WeChat en Chine, et ainsi permettre aux utilisateurs de r\u00e9gler leurs factures, leur loyer ou bien leurs trajets en taxi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/NeJok\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 partir du 1er septembre 2025, Max sera install\u00e9 par d\u00e9faut sur tous les smartphones et tablettes vendues en Russie en vertu d\u2019une nouvelle loi sign\u00e9e par Poutine en juin. En parall\u00e8le, le Kremlin se pr\u00e9pare \u00e0 interdire WhatsApp et toute application \u00ab&#160;provenant de pays hostiles&#160;\u00bb dans le cadre de l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019une liste pr\u00e9par\u00e9e par le gouvernement \u00e0 la demande du pr\u00e9sident russe&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-289212' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/24\/max-la-messagerie-nationale-comment-poutine-veut-creer-un-goulag-numerique-en-russie\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-289212' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/t.me\/webstrangler\/4310&quot;&gt;Publication sur Telegram de \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438\u043d&lt;\/a&gt;, 18 juillet 2025.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si le sort de Telegram \u2014 enregistr\u00e9 dans les \u00celes Vierges britanniques et domicili\u00e9 aux \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2014 semble pour l\u2019heure incertain, l\u2019objectif <em>in fine <\/em>de Moscou est d\u2019inciter tous les citoyens russes \u00e0 utiliser Max.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Contrairement \u00e0 WhatsApp, qui est accessible dans plus de 180 pays, seuls les utilisateurs disposant d\u2019un num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone russe ou bi\u00e9lorusse peuvent cr\u00e9er un compte sur Max.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le gouvernement russe aura acc\u00e8s \u00e0 tous les messages et donn\u00e9es partag\u00e9es sur l\u2019application. VK est dirig\u00e9 par Vladimir Kiriyenko, le fils du premier adjoint du chef de l&rsquo;administration pr\u00e9sidentielle Sergey Kiriyenko. Le r\u00e9el propri\u00e9taire de l\u2019entreprise est par ailleurs Gazprom, via ses filiales et holdings&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-289212' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/24\/max-la-messagerie-nationale-comment-poutine-veut-creer-un-goulag-numerique-en-russie\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-289212' title='\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 et \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0440, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/articles\/cn419l9k7wno&quot;&gt;\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 WeChat&amp;#160;: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435 Max, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c WhatsApp&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;BBC&lt;\/em&gt;, 21 juillet 2025.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plusieurs experts cyber et avocats consid\u00e8rent qu\u2019il ne fait aucun doute que Max \u00ab&#160;se conformera \u00e0 toutes les exigences des autorit\u00e9s russes&#160;\u00bb en fournissant sur demande des historiques de conversation ainsi que des enregistrements d\u2019appels&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-289212' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/24\/max-la-messagerie-nationale-comment-poutine-veut-creer-un-goulag-numerique-en-russie\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-289212' title='\u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/novayagazeta.eu\/articles\/2025\/06\/12\/sumasshedshii-eksperiment-nad-liudmi&quot;&gt;\u0421\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0430&lt;\/em&gt;, 12 juin 2025.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019opposant politique russe Andre\u00ef Okun parle d\u2019un \u00ab&#160;goulag num\u00e9rique&#160;\u00bb&#160;: un espace st\u00e9rile \u00ab&#160;dans lequel les autorit\u00e9s auront un contr\u00f4le total sur les loisirs, les motivations et les pens\u00e9es des citoyens&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-289212' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/24\/max-la-messagerie-nationale-comment-poutine-veut-creer-un-goulag-numerique-en-russie\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-289212' title='\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u041e\u043a\u0443\u043d\u044c, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/republic.ru\/posts\/116115&quot;&gt;\u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0413\u0423\u041b\u0410\u0413&amp;#160;: \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u00ab&amp;#160;\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c&amp;#160;\u00bb \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, 21 juillet 2025.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/8BbaQ\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Depuis le lancement de l\u2019invasion \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de l\u2019Ukraine en 2022, le Kremlin a consid\u00e9rablement renforc\u00e9 son contr\u00f4le de l\u2019espace num\u00e9rique russe, bloquant l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/29\/en-russie-internet-est-il-en-train-de-disparaitre-lacces-a-plus-de-400-000-sites-a-ete-bloque-en-2024-soit-cinq-fois-plus-quen-2022\/\">plus de 400 000 sites<\/a> l\u2019an dernier. En juin, le projet russe ind\u00e9pendant \u00ab&#160;En ligne&#160;\u00bb (<em>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438<\/em>) a recens\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/09\/la-russie-a-connu-plus-de-600-coupures-dinternet-en-juin-soit-neuf-fois-plus-quen-mai\/\">655 coupures d\u2019Internet<\/a> mobile de diff\u00e9rentes ampleurs \u2014 soit neuf fois plus qu\u2019au cours du mois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent (69).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En s\u2019appr\u00eatant \u00e0 interdire WhatsApp et \u00e0 contraindre les citoyens \u00e0 utiliser une nouvelle application de messagerie d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par VK, Max, Moscou se pr\u00e9pare, selon les mots de l\u2019opposant russe Andre\u00ef Okun, \u00e0 construire un \u00ab&#160;goulag num\u00e9rique&#160;\u00bb dans lequel le Kremlin exercera un contr\u00f4le total.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":289216,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":3,"_lgc_tts_voice":"","_lgc_tts_publish":false,"_lgc_tts_history_item_id":"","_lgc_tts_generated_at":"","_lgc_tts_status":"","_lgc_tts_error":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1729],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[4942],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[550],"class_list":["post-289212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-numerique","editorial_format-actu-breves","geo-russie"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false,"_thumbnail_id":289216,"excerpt":"En s\u2019appr\u00eatant \u00e0 interdire WhatsApp et \u00e0 contraindre les citoyens \u00e0 utiliser une nouvelle application de messagerie d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par VK, Max, Moscou se pr\u00e9pare, selon les mots de l\u2019opposant russe Andre\u00ef Okun, \u00e0 construire un \u00abgoulag num\u00e9rique\u00bb dans lequel le Kremlin exercera un contr\u00f4le total.","display_date":"","new_abstract":true},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Max, la messagerie nationale : comment Poutine veut cr\u00e9er un \u00abgoulag num\u00e9rique\u00bb en Russie | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/24\/max-la-messagerie-nationale-comment-poutine-veut-creer-un-goulag-numerique-en-russie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Max, la messagerie nationale : comment Poutine veut cr\u00e9er un 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