{"id":287734,"date":"2025-07-15T19:18:57","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T17:18:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=287734"},"modified":"2025-07-15T19:18:59","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T17:18:59","slug":"la-chine-devance-leurope-et-les-etats-unis-dans-la-recherche-sur-lia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/15\/la-chine-devance-leurope-et-les-etats-unis-dans-la-recherche-sur-lia\/","title":{"rendered":"La Chine devance l\u2019Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis dans la recherche sur l\u2019IA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Selon un rapport publi\u00e9 le 11 juillet par l\u2019entreprise Digital Science et le projet Dimensions, <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/25\/la-chine-a-developpe-une-ia-aussi-performante-que-chatgpt-pour-7-du-cout\/\">la Chine<\/a> est d\u00e9sormais, avec plus de 40&#160;% des citations universitaires dans le champ de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle, de loin le <em>leader<\/em> mondial de la recherche sur l\u2019IA&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-287734' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/15\/la-chine-devance-leurope-et-les-etats-unis-dans-la-recherche-sur-lia\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-287734' title='Daniel W. Hook, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/figshare.com\/articles\/online_resource\/Deepseek_and_the_New_Geopolitics_of_AI\/29336588&quot;&gt;DeepSeek and the New Geopolitics of AI China\u2019s ascent to research pre-eminence in AI&lt;\/a&gt;, Dimensions et Digital Science, 11 juillet 2025.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le rapport, qui repose sur une base de donn\u00e9es de plusieurs centaines de milliers d\u2019articles acad\u00e9miques publi\u00e9s depuis 2000, r\u00e9v\u00e8le que des chercheurs rattach\u00e9s \u00e0 des universit\u00e9s chinoises ont publi\u00e9 l\u2019an dernier plus d\u2019articles (environ 24 000) que leurs pairs europ\u00e9ens, am\u00e9ricains et britanniques ensemble (19 000).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019\u00e9cart entre la Chine et le reste du monde est d\u2019autant plus visible en mati\u00e8re de nombre de brevets d\u00e9pos\u00e9s l\u2019an dernier dans le domaine de l\u2019IA&#160;: plus de 35 000 pour P\u00e9kin, contre 2 600 pour les autres grandes puissances (Union, \u00c9tats-Unis, Royaume-Uni, Canada, Japon et Cor\u00e9e du Sud confondus).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/6ofrB\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Si les \u00c9tats-Unis conservent une avance en mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;infrastructures, qui devrait \u00eatre davantage confort\u00e9e suite aux annonces par Trump du mardi 15 juillet de 90 milliards de dollars de nouveaux investissements dans le secteur de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie et des centres de donn\u00e9es en Pennsylvanie&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-287734' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/15\/la-chine-devance-leurope-et-les-etats-unis-dans-la-recherche-sur-lia\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-287734' title='Jarrett Renshaw, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/sustainability\/boards-policy-regulation\/trump-joins-tech-energy-executives-amid-ai-push-2025-07-15\/&quot;&gt;Trump joins tech and energy executives amid AI push&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 15 juillet 2025.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>, la Chine d\u00e9veloppe aussi son r\u00e9seau d\u2019alimentation de l\u2019IA via son initiative \u00ab&#160;Donn\u00e9es de l&rsquo;Est et Informatique de l&rsquo;Ouest&#160;\u00bb (\u4e1c\u6570\u897f\u7b97).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lanc\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier 2022, celle-ci vise \u00e0 relier l\u2019est du pays, o\u00f9 se trouve la majeure partie des centres de recherche et universit\u00e9s <em>leaders <\/em>en mati\u00e8re d\u2019IA, avec le centre et l\u2019ouest du pays, riches en ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, notamment renouvelables.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pour fonctionner, les <em>data centers <\/em>qui entra\u00eenent les mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA en faisant tourner des milliers de processeurs et cartes graphiques et qui alimentent les <em>chatbots <\/em>ont besoin d\u2019un acc\u00e8s direct \u00e0 d\u2019importantes quantit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9nergie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/z86m2\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En reliant l\u2019ouest \u00e0 l\u2019est via des \u00ab&#160;corridors informatiques&#160;\u00bb, P\u00e9kin veut d\u00e9velopper une infrastructure permettant de mieux r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e dans les r\u00e9gions c\u00f4ti\u00e8res en connectant les campus \u00e0 des centres de calcul via des r\u00e9seaux de fibre optique s\u2019\u00e9talant sur des milliers de kilom\u00e8tres \u00e0 travers le pays&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-287734' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/15\/la-chine-devance-leurope-et-les-etats-unis-dans-la-recherche-sur-lia\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-287734' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.gov.cn\/yaowen\/liebiao\/202404\/content_6945169.htm&quot;&gt;\u201c\u4e1c\u6570\u897f\u7b97\u201d\u5de5\u7a0b\u7a33\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb&lt;\/a&gt;, Gouvernement chinois, 14 avril 2024.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019Agence internationale de l\u2019\u00e9nergie estime que la consommation d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 des centres de donn\u00e9es devrait presque doubler entre 2025 et 2030, passant de 485 TWh \u00e0 945 \u2014 et <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/04\/10\/la-consommation-delectricite-des-centres-de-donnees-qui-alimentent-lia-devrait-tripler-dici-2035\/\">tripler d\u2019ici 2035<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/tfQ7P\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Quelques jours seulement avant l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de Trump le 20 janvier, le conseiller \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale de Biden, <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2024\/10\/27\/jake-sullivan-face-a-lheritage-des-bidenomics\/\">Jake Sullivan<\/a>, lan\u00e7ait un appel \u00e0 la nouvelle administration&#160;: si les \u00c9tats-Unis ne parviennent pas \u00e0 devancer la Chine en mati\u00e8re d\u2019IA, les cons\u00e9quences pour le monde pourraient \u00eatre \u00ab&#160;dramatiques et extr\u00eamement n\u00e9gatives&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-287734' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/07\/15\/la-chine-devance-leurope-et-les-etats-unis-dans-la-recherche-sur-lia\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-287734' title='Jim VandeHei et Mike Allen, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2025\/01\/18\/biden-sullivan-ai-race-trump-china&quot;&gt;Behind the Curtain&amp;#160;: A chilling, \u00ab&amp;#160;catastrophic&amp;#160;\u00bb warning&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Axios&lt;\/em&gt;, 18 janvier 2025.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sullivan craignait notamment qu\u2019une IA globale domin\u00e9e par la Chine ne provoque une \u00ab&#160;avalanche de d\u00e9sinformation&#160;\u00bb, bouleverse le march\u00e9 du travail et ne conduise \u00e0 la \u00ab&#160;d\u00e9mocratisation d&rsquo;armes extr\u00eamement puissantes et meurtri\u00e8res&#160;\u00bb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019ancien conseiller \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale exprimait \u00e9galement son inqui\u00e9tude quant au pouvoir \u2014 \u00ab&#160;\u00e9quivalent \u00e0 celui des \u00c9tats-nations&#160;\u00bb \u2014 que le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019IA conf\u00e9rait aux entreprises.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Selon Sullivan, P\u00e9kin et Washington devaient aussi d\u00e9passer le stade de la rivalit\u00e9 pour permettre une forme de coop\u00e9ration en mati\u00e8re de surveillance des acteurs et de r\u00e9gulation des usages de l\u2019IA, afin que la technologie ne soit pas utilis\u00e9e \u00ab&#160;de mani\u00e8re catastrophique&#160;\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avec pr\u00e8s de 24 000 publications l\u2019an dernier, les chercheurs chinois travaillant sur l\u2019IA ont publi\u00e9 plus de travaux universitaires que leurs pairs europ\u00e9ens, am\u00e9ricains et britanniques ensemble (19 000). <\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 travers son initiative \u00ab&#160;&#160;Donn\u00e9es de l&rsquo;Est et Informatique de l&rsquo;Ouest&#160;&#160;\u00bb, P\u00e9kin d\u00e9veloppe \u00e9galement son r\u00e9seau d\u2019infrastructures en investissant des milliards d\u2019euros dans des corridors de fibre optique et de nouveaux centres de donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":287738,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2040],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[531],"class_list":["post-287734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","geo-chine"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>P\u00e9kin devance l\u2019Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis dans la recherche sur l\u2019IA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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