{"id":265456,"date":"2025-02-26T17:23:53","date_gmt":"2025-02-26T16:23:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=265456"},"modified":"2025-02-26T17:25:18","modified_gmt":"2025-02-26T16:25:18","slug":"le-parti-communiste-chinois-se-sert-de-chatgpt-pour-ses-activites-de-surveillance-et-de-propagande","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/02\/26\/le-parti-communiste-chinois-se-sert-de-chatgpt-pour-ses-activites-de-surveillance-et-de-propagande\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Parti communiste chinois se sert de ChatGPT pour ses activit\u00e9s de surveillance et de propagande"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Selon une enqu\u00eate publi\u00e9e vendredi 21 f\u00e9vrier par OpenAI, plusieurs acteurs chinois ont utilis\u00e9 ChatGPT et d\u2019autres IA am\u00e9ricaines (notamment LLaMA, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Meta) dans le cadre d&rsquo;une vaste op\u00e9ration de surveillance en ligne. Celle-ci visait \u00e9galement \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des contenus relayant des opinions consid\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00ab&#160;anti-am\u00e9ricaines&#160;\u00bb, par la suite publi\u00e9s dans des journaux en ligne sud-am\u00e9ricains&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-265456' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/02\/26\/le-parti-communiste-chinois-se-sert-de-chatgpt-pour-ses-activites-de-surveillance-et-de-propagande\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-265456' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/cdn.openai.com\/threat-intelligence-reports\/disrupting-malicious-uses-of-our-models-february-2025-update.pdf&quot;&gt;Disrupting malicious uses of our models&amp;#160;: an update February 2025&lt;\/a&gt;, OpenAI, 21 f\u00e9vrier 2025.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nomm\u00e9es \u00ab&#160;Peer Review&#160;\u00bb et \u00ab&#160;Sponsored Discontent&#160;\u00bb par OpenAI, ces activit\u00e9s indiquent que le Parti communiste chinois (PCC) se sert des avanc\u00e9es de l\u2019IA \u2014 en l\u2019occurrence, ici, am\u00e9ricaines \u2014 \u00e0 des fins de propagande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les requ\u00eates soumises par ces acteurs \u00e0 ChatGPT visaient \u00e0 alimenter ce qui est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme le \u00ab&#160;Qianyue Overseas Public Opinion AI Assistant&#160;\u00bb (\u5343\u9605\u5883\u5916\u8206\u60c5AI\u52a9\u624b), un outil d\u2019analyse de contenus en ligne publi\u00e9s sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux li\u00e9s \u00e0 la vie politique chinoise.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cet assistant analysait des millions de publications sur X, Facebook, YouTube ou Instagram afin de cibler des appels \u00e0 participer \u00e0 des manifestations en R\u00e9publique populaire de Chine. Les r\u00e9sultats \u00e9taient par la suite envoy\u00e9s aux ambassades chinoises et \u00e0 des agents de renseignement du r\u00e9gime aux \u00c9tats-Unis, en Allemagne ou au Royaume-Uni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les prompts visaient \u00e9galement \u00e0 produire du contenu (texte, image) critiquant l\u2019universitaire chinoise et critique du r\u00e9gime, Cai Xia, qui vit en exil aux \u00c9tats-Unis depuis 2019. Ces messages \u00e9taient par la suite post\u00e9s sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux, notamment sur X, par des comptes pr\u00e9tendument am\u00e9ricains ou indiens, comme le r\u00e9v\u00e9lait un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent rapport de mai 2024&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-265456' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/02\/26\/le-parti-communiste-chinois-se-sert-de-chatgpt-pour-ses-activites-de-surveillance-et-de-propagande\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-265456' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/openai.com\/index\/disrupting-deceptive-uses-of-AI-by-covert-influence-operations\/&quot;&gt;Disrupting deceptive uses of AI by covert influence operations&lt;\/a&gt;, OpenAI, 30 mai 2024.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/fCQtb\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La plateforme am\u00e9ricaine ChatGPT est officiellement bloqu\u00e9e en Chine depuis l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2024 (le site \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 auparavant rendu inaccessible par un pare-feu gouvernemental). Si OpenAI n\u2019avait pas \u00e9voqu\u00e9 de raisons pr\u00e9cises ayant guid\u00e9 cette d\u00e9cision, l\u2019entreprise am\u00e9ricaine note dans son rapport de f\u00e9vrier 2025 qu\u2019elle souhaite \u00ab&#160;contribuer aux efforts visant \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont la Chine ou d&rsquo;autres r\u00e9gimes autoritaires pourraient tenter d&rsquo;utiliser l&rsquo;IA contre les \u00c9tats-Unis et les pays alli\u00e9s, ainsi que contre leur propre population&#160;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si le r\u00e9gime chinois utilise des IA am\u00e9ricaines \u00e0 des fins de propagande, il fa\u00e7onne \u00e9galement ses propres chatbots pour contribuer \u00e0 la diffusion de la ligne id\u00e9ologique du Parti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En d\u00e9cembre, l\u2019entreprise chinoise <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/28\/laffaire-deepseek-et-le-futur-de-lia-une-conversation-avec-gary-marcus\/\">DeepSeek<\/a> a provoqu\u00e9 la sid\u00e9ration dans le monde de l\u2019intelligence artificielle en d\u00e9voilant une IA aussi performante que ChatGPT <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/25\/la-chine-a-developpe-une-ia-aussi-performante-que-chatgpt-pour-7-du-cout\/\">pour seulement 7&#160;% du co\u00fbt<\/a> du chatbot am\u00e9ricain (5,6 millions de dollars).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Au-del\u00e0 des traditionnels <em>benchmarks<\/em>, ces analyses techniques qui \u00e9valuent quantitativement la performance d\u2019un mod\u00e8le d\u2019IA, DeepSeek a \u00e9galement d\u00fb soumettre son <em>chatbot <\/em>\u00e0 C-Eval (Chinese Evaluation), un test chinois qui \u00e9value 3 principaux domaines&#160;: STEM (science, technologie, ing\u00e9nierie et math\u00e9matiques), les humanit\u00e9s et les sciences sociales&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-265456' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/02\/26\/le-parti-communiste-chinois-se-sert-de-chatgpt-pour-ses-activites-de-surveillance-et-de-propagande\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-265456' title='Alex Colville, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/chinamediaproject.org\/2025\/02\/18\/how-ai-is-tested-for-loyalty\/&quot;&gt;How AI is Tested for Loyalty&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;China Media Project&lt;\/em&gt;, 18 f\u00e9vrier 2025.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans la cat\u00e9gorie \u00ab&#160;humanit\u00e9s&#160;\u00bb, C-Eval soumet aux IA des questions (qui consistent en un questionnaire \u00e0 choix multiples) portant sur la \u00ab&#160;culture id\u00e9ologique et morale&#160;\u00bb chinoise, testant ainsi les <em>chatbots<\/em> sur la ligne officielle du PCC&#160;: vis-\u00e0-vis de l\u2019autonomie de Hong Kong, la \u00ab&#160;r\u00e9unification&#160;\u00bb avec Ta\u00efwan, l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation de la pens\u00e9e de Mao Zedong ou bien la mani\u00e8re dont \u00ab&#160;s\u2019exprime principalement le patriotisme dans la Chine contemporaine&#160;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/TYD8p\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces tests visent \u00e0 quantifier et rep\u00e9rer d\u2019\u00e9ventuels biais culturels qui sont parfois inh\u00e9rents aux chatbots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Une \u00e9tude de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie nationale des sciences am\u00e9ricaine publi\u00e9e en septembre relevait notamment que ChatGPT avait tendance \u00e0 \u00ab&#160;pr\u00e9senter des valeurs culturelles qui ressemblent \u00e0 celles des pays europ\u00e9ens anglophones et protestants&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-265456' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/02\/26\/le-parti-communiste-chinois-se-sert-de-chatgpt-pour-ses-activites-de-surveillance-et-de-propagande\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-265456' title='Yan Tao, Olga Viberg, Ryan S. Baker, Ren\u00e9 F. Kizilcec, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/watermark.silverchair.com\/pgae346.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA2EwggNdBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggNOMIIDSgIBADCCA0MGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMnWioiB8-BW69lazAAgEQgIIDFJxjJ1OlYbiygAtVoBmI3yII9o1tFTFzcCSSg-fwSltsuUoh6pP8CJp062e_HG9Il2uXIaDXeUCIuMMMhaI7Y4Jhu3LThm9Aqc0xwe95NkAqvUQLQGzZic1_X1uSGRBrJnKGQp6E6GrquFPOXP-LPjJkxqefz4U3NppQAYlgRU6a4KuzvxUTN4-OD8kwIZKahPG-lmqvHKlesH0Lp4-oGFbvHidyWnW3x-j5rOg5XNUhJpIyKioJo1BdVkLUJYzPVaMBa3Bp6VPlMf6ZU7-WjWSKRsj_lPvspgxL0pyWvJtYHc10tCIFv6PrBFEpT4CjLpjPILmDoFC0_AhCMQZ04zotfi6Of6JlT-XEDuAeAHZn0eXW2pbJgzrkOTE4hu3ouYuQ4q4Jx2kE80c16gKKty6hSEjyxuTeUWl5_QjXEmgELaDZ0k2s7bXBDsHSuV-RA-c5dnzNz1hiBce6NypP1Mit4N-LzTgCtkuW7WqnbYA2hyXECimDWjLZYWc8LnSGKDUX8y4PswlSiFJQT9FOUnyeIP7v1lGGd1LHvxuqtE1CXrkCpedNItEzug_2YNUIcn9Q8ze0R3Ohw17fvNLLiTvFbHsrTaeSWgUnNP5BCYBLRyQXFNp_g6mNn_V2W8pH1IV7-N05TexZ-3A5nhDgQvvSwF9o8phmX52GYAZ9xuCCnbLY45MI6IUaBXrPAtFo2riKSjlq72ov5gI_ozMefqj6OYjUnhVU0785wuo3SYdcNt9RJIsQNQAndyG4aiGLLsBDSWTM2ahdtyx3szH9p-j46qE7WQ-IxavERwkeQvO4Dl6JZR9VFMz6HKlrJCVBrNU1bm5vrfGfa6fNPZ9Yg4rKtDUzydaGHAV52jhRyz1ToCi5Qr53HQNjlYIk2woqAdiYlwBmg9R9KvX2WVThMR1JWEP6Kp4B9fBkwiiT6G4Sh7VZs-wkBc31omJDionQIn3fFSL_dPF_9PeRgvgzIw84dFu0tDhofIay-d3JAXjCES3Efb_iCh-fh5F2ClU0l3IXaB8hYQd3jc0uFeYC4KTBKySR&quot;&gt;Cultural bias and cultural alignment of large language models&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;PNAS Nexus&lt;\/em&gt;, Volume 3, Issue 9, septembre 2024, p. 346.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement au-dessus de 80\/90) au test C-Eval traduit ainsi la \u00ab&#160;loyaut\u00e9&#160;\u00bb des mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA conversationnelles et leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 suivre la ligne du PCC dans leurs r\u00e9ponses apport\u00e9es aux utilisateurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une enqu\u00eate de l\u2019entreprise am\u00e9ricaine OpenAI, qui produit le mod\u00e8le d\u2019IA conversationnelle ChatGPT, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que des acteurs chinois s\u2019\u00e9taient servis de la plateforme \u00e0 des fins de propagande et de surveillance d\u2019activit\u00e9 anti-chinoise en ligne. Dans le m\u00eame temps, le r\u00e9gime fa\u00e7onne ses propres chatbots pour contribuer \u00e0 la diffusion de la ligne id\u00e9ologique du Parti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":265463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1729],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[531],"class_list":["post-265456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-numerique","geo-chine"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le Parti communiste chinois se sert de ChatGPT pour ses activit\u00e9s de surveillance et de propagande | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/02\/26\/le-parti-communiste-chinois-se-sert-de-chatgpt-pour-ses-activites-de-surveillance-et-de-propagande\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le Parti communiste chinois se sert de ChatGPT pour ses activit\u00e9s de surveillance et de propagande | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une enqu\u00eate de l\u2019entreprise am\u00e9ricaine OpenAI, qui produit le mod\u00e8le d\u2019IA conversationnelle ChatGPT, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que des acteurs chinois s\u2019\u00e9taient servis de la plateforme \u00e0 des fins de propagande et de surveillance d\u2019activit\u00e9 anti-chinoise en ligne. Dans le m\u00eame temps, le r\u00e9gime fa\u00e7onne ses propres chatbots pour contribuer \u00e0 la diffusion de la ligne id\u00e9ologique du Parti.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/02\/26\/le-parti-communiste-chinois-se-sert-de-chatgpt-pour-ses-activites-de-surveillance-et-de-propagande\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-26T16:23:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-26T16:25:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/02\/gc-share-openAI-propagande-PCC.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1898\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1062\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" \/>\n<meta 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