{"id":2652,"date":"2018-05-07T07:45:23","date_gmt":"2018-05-07T05:45:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lldl.eu\/?p=2652"},"modified":"2019-05-31T14:13:14","modified_gmt":"2019-05-31T12:13:14","slug":"en-afrique-centrale-le-delitement-democratique-pourrait-creer-une-instabilite-de-grande-ampleur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2018\/05\/07\/en-afrique-centrale-le-delitement-democratique-pourrait-creer-une-instabilite-de-grande-ampleur\/","title":{"rendered":"En Afrique centrale, le d\u00e9litement d\u00e9mocratique pourrait cr\u00e9er une instabilit\u00e9 de grande ampleur"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Ndjamena. <\/em>Idriss Deby (\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a), pr\u00e9sident du Tchad depuis 1990, vient de faire adopter par un vote de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale la nouvelle constitution instaurant la IV\u00e8me R\u00e9publique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il consacre ainsi son \u00ab&#160;r\u00e9gime pr\u00e9sidentiel int\u00e9gral&#160;\u00bb en esquivant le casse-t\u00eate r\u00e9f\u00e9rendaire pour faciliter le processus (<strong>1<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019Afrique centrale a connu, ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, une destruction syst\u00e9matique de ses relatifs acquis d\u00e9mocratiques et institutionnels. En R\u00e9publique du Congo (novembre 2015), au Gabon (janvier 2018), au Tchad (avril 2018), au Burundi (en cours) la constitution a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9e par le pouvoir en place alors que des crises politiques frappent la RDC, le Cameroun, la RCA (<strong>3<\/strong>). La chute des cours des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res et la mauvaise gouvernance ont achev\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9branler les \u00e9conomies d\u2019Afrique centrale, avec une croissance moyenne de 0.9&#160;% en 2017 et 0.1&#160;% en 2016, bien en dessous de la moyenne Africaine de 3.6&#160;% (<strong>2<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans son programme indicatif pour l\u2019Afrique centrale sur la p\u00e9riode 2015-2020, l\u2019Union Europ\u00e9enne (UE) entend consentir, dans le cadre des accords Pays d\u2019Afriques Cara\u00efbes Pacifique (ACP-UE), un soutien d\u2019un montant de 350 millions d\u2019euros \u00e0 la sous-r\u00e9gion (<strong>4<\/strong>). Les investissements directs europ\u00e9ens sur le continent s\u2019\u00e9levaient \u00e0 32 milliards d\u2019euros en 2015 et les financements de la Banque Europ\u00e9enne d\u2019investissement s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 2 milliards d\u2019euros par an (<strong>5<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La consolidation autoritaire d\u2019Idriss Deby au Tchad exasp\u00e8re une population en croissance (3,2&#160;%) et au niveau de vie extr\u00eamement faible (class\u00e9 186\/188 selon IDH en 2017), et fait donc courir le risque d\u2019une implosion du pays. Un effet domino est \u00e0 craindre, car un \u00e9clatement du Tchad fragiliserait encore plus la sous-r\u00e9gion et ne serait pas sans compromettre les investissements \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Perspectives&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Attention aux prochains rendez-vous \u00e9lectoraux en Afrique centrale. Septembre\/Octobre 2018&#160;: \u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle au Cameroun. Novembre 2018&#160;: \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives au Tchad. La date des \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives au Gabon demeure toujours inconnue.<\/li><li>Modification de la constitution en cours au Burundi pour permettre le maintien au pouvoir de l\u2019actuel pr\u00e9sident. R\u00e9f\u00e9rendum le 17 Mai 2018.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sources<\/strong><strong>&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/afriqueconfidentielle.com\/politique\/tchad-se-dote-dune-nouvelle-constitution-renforce-regime-presidentiel\/\">Le Tchad se dote d\u2019une Nouvelle Constitution qui Renforce le R\u00e9gime Pr\u00e9sidentiel<\/a>, Afrique Confidentielle, mai 2018.<\/li><li>Banque Africaine de D\u00e9veloppement, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.afdb.org\/fileadmin\/uploads\/afdb\/Documents\/Publications\/2018AEO\/Perspectives_e%CC%81conomiques_en_Afrique_2018_Afrique_centrale.pdf\">Perspectives \u00e9conomiques en Afrique centrale 2018<\/a>\n\n.<\/li><li>DIATTA Mohamed, <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/with-a-busy-election-schedule-africa-needs-a-reversal-of-the-old-order-91690\">With a busy election schedule, Africa needs a reversal of the old order<\/a><em>, The conversation<\/em>, f\u00e9vrier 2018.<\/li><li>Union Europ\u00e9enne, 2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/europeaid\/sites\/devco\/files\/rip-central-africa-region_-edf11-2015_fr.pdf\">Programme Indicatif R\u00e9gional pour la p\u00e9riode 2014-2020<\/a>\n\n.<\/li><li>Union Europ\u00e9enne, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/eeas.europa.eu\/sites\/eeas\/files\/http_eur-lex.europa.pdf\">JOINT COMMUNICATION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL for a renewed impetus of the Africa-EU Partnership<\/a>\n\n.<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Idriss Deby (\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a), pr\u00e9sident du Tchad depuis 1990, vient de faire adopter par un vote de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale la nouvelle constitution instaurant la IV\u00e8me R\u00e9publique. Il consacre ainsi son \u00ab&#160;&#160;r\u00e9gime pr\u00e9sidentiel int\u00e9gral&#160;&#160;\u00bb en esquivant le casse-t\u00eate r\u00e9f\u00e9rendaire pour faciliter le processus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":172,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1731],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[522],"class_list":["post-2652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politique","geo-afriques-subsahariennes"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>En Afrique centrale, le d\u00e9litement d\u00e9mocratique pourrait cr\u00e9er une instabilit\u00e9 de grande ampleur | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2018\/05\/07\/en-afrique-centrale-le-delitement-democratique-pourrait-creer-une-instabilite-de-grande-ampleur\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"En Afrique centrale, le d\u00e9litement d\u00e9mocratique pourrait cr\u00e9er une instabilit\u00e9 de grande ampleur | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Idriss Deby (\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a), pr\u00e9sident du Tchad depuis 1990, vient de faire adopter par un vote de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale la nouvelle constitution instaurant la IV\u00e8me R\u00e9publique. 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