{"id":260049,"date":"2025-01-25T06:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-25T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=260049"},"modified":"2025-01-26T20:26:08","modified_gmt":"2025-01-26T19:26:08","slug":"la-chine-a-developpe-une-ia-aussi-performante-que-chatgpt-pour-7-du-cout","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/25\/la-chine-a-developpe-une-ia-aussi-performante-que-chatgpt-pour-7-du-cout\/","title":{"rendered":"DeepSeek&#160;: la Chine a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une IA aussi performante que ChatGPT pour 7&#160;% du co\u00fbt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>La premi\u00e8re semaine du second mandat de Trump a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019annonce de nouveaux investissements majeurs dans le domaine de l\u2019intelligence artificielle. \u00c0 lui seul, <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/22\/projet-stargate-avec-500-milliards-dinvestissement-et-une-deregulation-massive-trump-veut-ouvrir-un-age-dor-de-lia\/\">le projet Stargate<\/a> \u2014 une coentreprise form\u00e9e par OpenAI, SoftBank, Oracle et MGX \u2014 devrait injecter 500 milliards d\u2019ici 2029 dans des m\u00e9ga-campus accueillant des centres de donn\u00e9es qui serviront \u00e0 entra\u00eener et faire tourner de nouveaux mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En septembre, le co-fondateur et pr\u00e9sident d\u2019Oracle, <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/24\/dominer-la-societe-avec-lia-la-face-cachee-du-projet-stargate\/\">Larry Ellison<\/a>, d\u00e9clarait&#160;: \u00ab&#160;L\u2019IA est une course de Formule 1. Tout le monde veut \u00eatre premier dans un des domaines d\u2019application de l\u2019IA. \u00c0 votre avis, combien faut-il pour entrer dans la course et cr\u00e9er un mod\u00e8le d\u2019IA comp\u00e9titif&#160;? 10 milliards&#160;? 100 milliards&#160;? Oui, 100 milliards et vous pouvez rejoindre la course. Peu d\u2019entreprises, peu de pays peuvent entrer dans la course. Mais \u00e7a c\u2019est plut\u00f4t bon pour nous&#160;!&#160;\u00bb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mais si la tendance montr\u00e9e par la Chine se poursuit, l\u2019industrie de la tech pourrait conna\u00eetre un renversement du mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomique avec une diminution des co\u00fbts fixes de d\u00e9veloppement des mod\u00e8les et une augmentation des co\u00fbts marginaux li\u00e9s \u00e0 leur utilisation&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-260049' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/25\/la-chine-a-developpe-une-ia-aussi-performante-que-chatgpt-pour-7-du-cout\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-260049' title='The Economist, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.economist.com\/leaders\/2025\/01\/23\/chinese-ai-is-catching-up-posing-a-dilemma-for-donald-trump&quot;&gt;Chinese AI is catching up, posing a dilemma for Donald Trump&lt;\/a&gt;, 23 janvier 2025.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/fsgPw\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>En annon\u00e7ant avoir consacr\u00e9 \u00ab&#160;seulement&#160;\u00bb 5,576 millions de dollars pour l\u2019entra\u00eenement de la troisi\u00e8me version de son grand mod\u00e8le de langage d\u2019IA, lanc\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre, l\u2019entreprise chinoise DeepSeek a provoqu\u00e9 une secousse au sein du secteur&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-260049' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/25\/la-chine-a-developpe-une-ia-aussi-performante-que-chatgpt-pour-7-du-cout\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-260049' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2412.19437&quot;&gt;DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report&lt;\/a&gt;, 27 d\u00e9cembre 2024.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Selon les donn\u00e9es d\u2019Epoch AI, pr\u00e8s de 80 millions de dollars ont \u00e9t\u00e9 requis pour entra\u00eener GPT-4, la derni\u00e8re version du mod\u00e8le d\u2019OpenAI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pourtant, les performances de DeepSeek \u2014 qui a mis son mod\u00e8le en open source \u2014 d\u00e9passent celles de ChatGPT dans plusieurs domaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les scores de performance<em> <\/em>de l\u2019IA chinoise surpassent ceux de ses principaux comp\u00e9titeurs \u2014 Claude-3.5, GPT-4o, Llama3.1, Qwen2.5 \u2014 en langues (chinois et anglais), math\u00e9matiques et en codage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Si DeepSeek v3 surpasse les autres mod\u00e8les donnant eux aussi publiquement acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leur code, il serait \u00e9galement meilleur que les mod\u00e8les ferm\u00e9s comme GPT-4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La troisi\u00e8me version de l\u2019IA a pourtant \u00e9t\u00e9 entra\u00een\u00e9e en seulement deux mois sur des puces Nvidia H800, une version moins sophistiqu\u00e9e que celles utilis\u00e9es par ses concurrents d\u00e9di\u00e9e au march\u00e9 chinois en raison des contr\u00f4les \u00e0 l\u2019exportation mis en place par l\u2019administration Biden.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/TYD8p\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Pourquoi DeepSeek est-elle plus performante et moins ch\u00e8re que GPT-4&#160;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Certains analystes consid\u00e8rent que les restrictions impos\u00e9es par les \u00c9tats-Unis sur le mat\u00e9riel d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines pour entra\u00eener des mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA auraient produit l\u2019effet inverse, conduisant \u00e0 \u00ab&#160;stimuler l\u2019innovation&#160;\u00bb des entreprises chinoises&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-260049' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/25\/la-chine-a-developpe-une-ia-aussi-performante-que-chatgpt-pour-7-du-cout\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-260049' title='Angela Zhang, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/c99d86f0-2d17-49d0-8dc6-9662ed34c831&quot;&gt;Chinese start-ups such as DeepSeek are challenging global AI giants&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Financial Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 23 janvier 2025.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La technologie qui sous-tend les grands mod\u00e8les de langage conna\u00eet une am\u00e9lioration exponentielle&#160;: 70 IA performant aujourd\u2019hui mieux que le premier GPT-4 de mars 2023, qui constituait une r\u00e9volution lors de son lancement&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-260049' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/25\/la-chine-a-developpe-une-ia-aussi-performante-que-chatgpt-pour-7-du-cout\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-260049' title='Simon Willison, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/simonwillison.net\/2024\/Dec\/31\/llms-in-2024\/#was-the-best-currently-available-llm-trained-in-china-for-less-than-6m-&quot;&gt;Things we learned about LLMs in 2024&lt;\/a&gt;, 31 d\u00e9cembre 2024.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Selon le PDG d\u2019OpenAI, Sam Altman, l\u2019industrie se rapprocherait rapidement de \u00ab&#160;l\u2019intelligence artificielle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale&#160;\u00bb \u2014 la prochaine fronti\u00e8re du secteur \u2014, une IA capable d\u2019effectuer des t\u00e2ches cognitives au m\u00eame niveau que les \u00eatres humains&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-260049' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/25\/la-chine-a-developpe-une-ia-aussi-performante-que-chatgpt-pour-7-du-cout\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-260049' title='Scott Rosenberg et Alison Snyder, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2025\/01\/17\/deepseek-china-ai-model&quot;&gt;China&amp;rsquo;s AI keeps getting better \u2014 and cheaper&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Axios&lt;\/em&gt;, 17 janvier 2025.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avec la troisi\u00e8me version de son grand mod\u00e8le de langage, lanc\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre, l\u2019entreprise d\u2019intelligence artificielle chinoise DeepSeek pourrait bien avoir battu en br\u00e8che l\u2019id\u00e9e que les meilleures IA requi\u00e8rent des milliards de dollars et les puces les plus avanc\u00e9es. Pour seulement 5,6 millions, soit 7&#160;&#160;% du co\u00fbt du d\u00e9veloppement de ChatGPT, P\u00e9kin est parvenu \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une IA comparable aux mod\u00e8les am\u00e9ricains. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":260051,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3468],"tags":[],"geo":[2163],"class_list":["post-260049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-donnees-qui-changent-la-donne","geo-monde"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>DeepSeek : la Chine a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une IA aussi performante que ChatGPT pour 7 % du co\u00fbt | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/25\/la-chine-a-developpe-une-ia-aussi-performante-que-chatgpt-pour-7-du-cout\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DeepSeek : la Chine a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une IA aussi performante que ChatGPT pour 7 % du co\u00fbt | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Avec la troisi\u00e8me version de son grand mod\u00e8le de langage, lanc\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre, l\u2019entreprise d\u2019intelligence artificielle chinoise DeepSeek pourrait bien avoir battu en br\u00e8che l\u2019id\u00e9e que les meilleures IA requi\u00e8rent des milliards de dollars et les puces les plus avanc\u00e9es. Pour seulement 5,6 millions, soit 7&#160;% du co\u00fbt du d\u00e9veloppement de ChatGPT, P\u00e9kin est parvenu \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une IA comparable aux mod\u00e8les am\u00e9ricains.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/25\/la-chine-a-developpe-une-ia-aussi-performante-que-chatgpt-pour-7-du-cout\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-25T05:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-26T19:26:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/01\/Sans-titre-20.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1996\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1118\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ramona Bloj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" 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