{"id":256688,"date":"2025-01-02T12:35:23","date_gmt":"2025-01-02T11:35:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=256688"},"modified":"2025-01-02T19:25:15","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T18:25:15","slug":"xi-contre-musk-la-chine-veut-construire-une-mega-constellation-de-satellites-alternative-a-starlink","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/02\/xi-contre-musk-la-chine-veut-construire-une-mega-constellation-de-satellites-alternative-a-starlink\/","title":{"rendered":"Xi contre Musk&#160;: la Chine veut construire une m\u00e9ga-constellation de satellites alternative \u00e0 Starlink"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le nombre de satellites en orbite autour de la Terre a consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es&#160;: + 56&#160;% entre d\u00e9but 2022 et 2025. Environ la moiti\u00e9 de la flotte globale de satellites en activit\u00e9 aujourd\u2019hui appartient \u00e0 SpaceX, soit 6 176 objets au 2 janvier 2025, selon la base de donn\u00e9es de l\u2019astrophysicien Jonathan McDowell&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-256688' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/02\/xi-contre-musk-la-chine-veut-construire-une-mega-constellation-de-satellites-alternative-a-starlink\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-256688' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/planet4589.org\/space\/con\/conlist.html&quot;&gt;Jonathan&amp;rsquo;s Space Pages Enormous (`Mega&amp;rsquo;) Satellite Constellations&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Depuis son lancement en 2019, le service d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 Internet par satellites pilot\u00e9 par l\u2019entreprise d\u2019Elon Musk, Starlink, s\u2019est impos\u00e9 comme la seule \u00ab&#160;m\u00e9ga-constellation&#160;\u00bb en activit\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019unique comp\u00e9titeur de Starlink, le britannique OneWeb, ne recense que 627 satellites op\u00e9rationnels \u2014 soit 10 fois moins que son rival am\u00e9ricain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le projet d\u2019Amazon Kuiper pr\u00e9voit quant \u00e0 lui de d\u00e9ployer sa constellation en 2025 avec un objectif \u00e0 long terme de 3 200 satellites. C\u2019est significativement moins que les 42 000 objets que Starlink souhaite avoir en orbite dans sa m\u00e9ga-constellation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/QTz6m\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Starlink est aujourd\u2019hui pr\u00e9sent dans la majeure partie du monde. Les seuls pays o\u00f9 le service est inaccessible sont les \u00c9tats refusant de fournir \u00e0 leur population un acc\u00e8s Internet susceptible de contourner les mesures restrictives et\/ou de surveillance mises en place par les gouvernements. C\u2019est notamment le cas de la Chine, <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2024\/11\/19\/comment-le-pcc-developpe-un-bouclier-ideologique-pour-isoler-lespace-numerique-chinois\/\">qui d\u00e9veloppe depuis une d\u00e9cennie un \u00ab&#160;bouclier id\u00e9ologique&#160;\u00bb<\/a> visant \u00e0 maintenir un contr\u00f4le sur les cyber activit\u00e9s de sa population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si P\u00e9kin refuse de laisser un acteur am\u00e9ricain dominer son march\u00e9, le Parti soutient le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une alternative chinoise \u00e0 Starlink&#160;: Qianfan (\u5343\u5e06\u661f\u5ea7). D\u2019autres projets, comme Guo Wang, ont \u00e9galement vu le jour ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les services d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 Internet via satellites comme Starlink ou OneWeb permettent une connexion peu importe la distance qui s\u00e9pare les populations des grands centres urbains. En 2022, seulement 76&#160;% de la population chinoise utilisait Internet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les m\u00e9ga-constellations de satellites pr\u00e9sentent \u00e9galement un important int\u00e9r\u00eat militaire, <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/02\/13\/le-role-de-starlink-dans-la-guerre-en-ukraine\/\">comme l\u2019a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 Starlink en Ukraine<\/a>. L\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 Internet via satellites permet de combler des lacunes en mati\u00e8re de communication, guider des armes longue distance et contourner des brouillages \u00e9lectroniques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u00e9kin apprend du conflit en pr\u00e9vision d\u2019une potentielle invasion de Ta\u00efwan, au cours de laquelle un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 Internet compromis serait susceptible de provoquer des pertes importantes. En Ukraine, les forces russes elles-m\u00eames auraient d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des milliers de terminaux Starlink pour b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019un acc\u00e8s haut-d\u00e9bit&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-256688' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/02\/xi-contre-musk-la-chine-veut-construire-une-mega-constellation-de-satellites-alternative-a-starlink\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-256688' title='James Marson et Thomas Grove, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/world\/russia-using-thousands-of-musks-starlink-systems-in-war-ukrainian-general-says-29303242&quot;&gt;Russia Using Thousands of Musk\u2019s Starlink Systems in War, Ukrainian General Says&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;The Wall Street Journal&lt;\/em&gt;, 15 f\u00e9vrier 2024.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019augmentation du nombre d\u2019attaques sur des c\u00e2bles sous-marins depuis 2022 souligne <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/14\/la-chine-cherche-a-exercer-un-plus-grand-controle-sur-les-cables-sous-marins\/\">le r\u00f4le crucial jou\u00e9 par les infrastructures physiques<\/a> dans l\u2019acc\u00e8s et le contr\u00f4le des flux d\u2019informations. Seulement 14 c\u00e2bles relient l\u2019archipel de Ta\u00efwan au reste du monde&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-256688' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/02\/xi-contre-musk-la-chine-veut-construire-une-mega-constellation-de-satellites-alternative-a-starlink\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-256688' title='Juliana Suess, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/rusi.org\/explore-our-research\/publications\/commentary\/guo-wang-chinas-answer-starlink&quot;&gt;Guo Wang&amp;#160;: China\u2019s Answer to Starlink&amp;#160;?&lt;\/a&gt;, RUSI, 3 mai 2023.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/j5Abm\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Qianfan permettrait \u00e9galement de proposer un service chinois aux pays du Sud, notamment dans le cadre des Nouvelles routes de la soie num\u00e9riques. Les industriels chinois accusent cependant un retard important en mati\u00e8re de capacit\u00e9s de production de satellites (estim\u00e9es \u00e0 seulement 300 par an pour Qianfan) et de technologies. Contrairement \u00e0 SpaceX, qui op\u00e8re depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es le Falcon 9, la Chine ne dispose pas de lanceurs spatiaux r\u00e9utilisables \u2014 qui pr\u00e9sentent des co\u00fbts bien plus faibles pour la mise en orbite de satellites.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Xi Jinping a un plan. Pour contrer l&rsquo;h\u00e9g\u00e9monie am\u00e9ricaine sur les satellites, le Parti communiste chinois est en train de d\u00e9velopper sa propre m\u00e9ga-constellation&#160;: Qianfan. Avec ces \u00ab&#160;satellites pour le sud global&#160;\u00bb, P\u00e9kin vise \u00e0 proposer une alternative \u00e0 Starlink, le service am\u00e9ricain d&rsquo;Elon Musk, et \u00e0 garantir \u00e0 la Chine sa souverainet\u00e9 dans un domaine particuli\u00e8rement sensible.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":256692,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":3,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2040],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[4942],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[531],"class_list":["post-256688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","editorial_format-actu-breves","geo-chine"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false,"_thumbnail_id":256692,"excerpt":"Xi Jinping a un plan. Pour contrer l'h\u00e9g\u00e9monie am\u00e9ricaine sur les satellites, le Parti communiste chinois est en train de d\u00e9velopper sa propre m\u00e9ga-constellation : Qianfan. Avec ces \u00ab satellites pour le sud global \u00bb, P\u00e9kin vise \u00e0 proposer une alternative \u00e0 Starlink, le service am\u00e9ricain d'Elon Musk, et \u00e0 garantir \u00e0 la Chine sa souverainet\u00e9 dans un domaine particuli\u00e8rement sensible.","display_date":"","new_abstract":true},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Xi contre Musk : la Chine veut construire une m\u00e9ga-constellation de satellites alternative \u00e0 Starlink | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2025\/01\/02\/xi-contre-musk-la-chine-veut-construire-une-mega-constellation-de-satellites-alternative-a-starlink\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Xi contre Musk : la Chine veut construire une m\u00e9ga-constellation de satellites alternative \u00e0 Starlink | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xi Jinping a un plan. 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