{"id":251826,"date":"2024-11-13T13:22:24","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T12:22:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=251826"},"modified":"2024-11-13T13:22:26","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T12:22:26","slug":"lunion-demeure-le-premier-marche-pour-les-exportations-de-gaz-naturel-liquefie-russe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2024\/11\/13\/lunion-demeure-le-premier-marche-pour-les-exportations-de-gaz-naturel-liquefie-russe\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Union demeure le premier march\u00e9 pour les exportations de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 russe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>En Europe, la r\u00e9cente baisse des temp\u00e9ratures a conduit la semaine derni\u00e8re aux premi\u00e8res hausses de consommation de gaz naturel de la saison. Celles-ci n\u2019ont pas men\u00e9 \u00e0 une augmentation de l\u2019indice TTF, qui demeure stable malgr\u00e9 un prix bien sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode 2017-2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Jj2Fj\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La Commission se dit confiante quant \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de l\u2019Union \u00e0 garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de ses approvisionnements malgr\u00e9 la baisse significative des importations russes depuis le lancement de l\u2019invasion \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de l\u2019Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En 2021, 44,9&#160;% du gaz naturel import\u00e9 par les 27 provenait de Russie, la majeure partie \u00e9tant transport\u00e9e via les gazoducs reliant directement le territoire russe aux pays europ\u00e9ens (Nord Stream, Yamal, Turkstream, les gazoducs passant par l\u2019Ukraine\u2026)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cette ann\u00e9e, seulement un cinqui\u00e8me du gaz import\u00e9 sur la p\u00e9riode janvier-septembre est russe. Bien que largement inf\u00e9rieur aux niveaux pr\u00e9-invasion de l\u2019Ukraine de 2022, cette part est en hausse de 5,2 points par rapport \u00e0 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/fSAhp\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La strat\u00e9gie lanc\u00e9e par la Commission et adopt\u00e9e en juin 2022 visant \u00e0 instaurer un niveau minimum de remplissage de 90&#160;% des r\u00e9serves europ\u00e9ennes d\u2019ici le 1er novembre a \u00e9t\u00e9 atteinte et m\u00eame d\u00e9pass\u00e9e cette ann\u00e9e (ainsi qu\u2019en 2023). Selon des mod\u00e9lisations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es par des chercheurs de l\u2019Imperial College de Londres, la coordination du stockage entre \u00c9tats membres contribue \u00e0 augmenter la r\u00e9silience du syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique europ\u00e9en, et donc \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer les prix \u00e9lev\u00e9s \u2014 comme les pics observ\u00e9s en 2021 et 2022&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-251826' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2024\/11\/13\/lunion-demeure-le-premier-marche-pour-les-exportations-de-gaz-naturel-liquefie-russe\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-251826' title='SESINI, Marzia, GIAROLA, Sara, et HAWKES, Adam D, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0306261921016020&quot;&gt;Solidarity measures&amp;#160;: Assessment of strategic gas storage on EU regional risk groups natural gas supply resilience&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Applied Energy&lt;\/em&gt;, 2022, vol. 308, p. 118356.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/46YQS\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9pendance europ\u00e9enne au gaz russe, l\u2019Union demeure le premier march\u00e9 pour les exportations de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 en provenance de Russie&#160;: les 27 ont achet\u00e9 49&#160;% du GNL russe export\u00e9 entre d\u00e9cembre 2022 et octobre 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Certains pays europ\u00e9ens ont m\u00eame augment\u00e9 leurs importations de GNL russe par rapport aux niveaux pr\u00e9-2022. En octobre, la France a ainsi import\u00e9 pour 233 millions d\u2019euros de GNL russe, ce qui en fait le premier importateur au sein de l\u2019Union&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-251826' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2024\/11\/13\/lunion-demeure-le-premier-marche-pour-les-exportations-de-gaz-naturel-liquefie-russe\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-251826' title='Vaibhav Raghunandan, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/energyandcleanair.org\/october-2024-monthly-analysis-of-russian-fossil-fuel-exports-and-sanctions\/&quot;&gt;October 2024 \u2014 Monthly analysis of Russian fossil fuel exports and sanctions&lt;\/a&gt;, Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), 8 novembre 2024.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019une des raisons permettant d\u2019expliquer l\u2019apparente stabilit\u00e9 du march\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique europ\u00e9en est la baisse sous-jacente de la demande de gaz&#160;: -13,3&#160;% entre 2021 et 2022, suivi d\u2019une baisse de 7,4&#160;% l\u2019an dernier&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-251826' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2024\/11\/13\/lunion-demeure-le-premier-marche-pour-les-exportations-de-gaz-naturel-liquefie-russe\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-251826' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/products-eurostat-news\/w\/ddn-20240528-1&quot;&gt;Natural gas demand drops by 7.4&amp;#160;% to 12.72 TJ in 2023&lt;\/a&gt;, Eurostat, 28 mai 2024.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/VX1AH\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Afin de continuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les importations de gaz russe tout en limitant les impacts d\u2019une baisse de l\u2019\u00e9nergie disponible pour l\u2019industrie europ\u00e9enne, Ursula von der Leyen a \u00e9voqu\u00e9, lors d\u2019un appel avec Donald Trump la semaine derni\u00e8re, le remplacement du gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 russe par du GNL am\u00e9ricain&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-251826' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2024\/11\/13\/lunion-demeure-le-premier-marche-pour-les-exportations-de-gaz-naturel-liquefie-russe\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-251826' title='Anna Shiryaevskaya et Katharina Rosskopf, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2024-11-08\/eu-s-von-der-leyen-suggests-us-lng-could-replace-russian-supply&quot;&gt;EU\u2019s Von der Leyen Suggests US LNG Could Replace Russian Supply&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Bloomberg&lt;\/em&gt;, 8 novembre 2024.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019Union a consid\u00e9rablement accru ses importations de GNL am\u00e9ricain ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, passant de 15,4 milliards de m\u00b3 par an en 2020 \u00e0 51 milliards en 2022. Pr\u00e8s d\u2019un tiers du total du GNL import\u00e9 par l\u2019Union entre janvier et ao\u00fbt est am\u00e9ricain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Des responsables europ\u00e9ens consid\u00e8rent que l\u2019augmentation des importations de GNL en provenance des \u00c9tats-Unis pourrait aider \u00e0 \u00ab&#160;apaiser les inqui\u00e9tudes de Trump relatives au d\u00e9ficit commercial&#160;\u00bb avec l\u2019Union&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-251826' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2024\/11\/13\/lunion-demeure-le-premier-marche-pour-les-exportations-de-gaz-naturel-liquefie-russe\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-251826' title='Jamie Smyth, Myles McCormick et Shotaro Tani, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/e84b242a-6d60-4c3b-aa19-e7246fb48792&quot;&gt;LNG exports could prove crucial bargaining chip in US-EU trade talks&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Financial Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 12 novembre 2024.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Si les \u00c9tats membres parviennent \u00e0 se passer du gaz russe transport\u00e9 via gazoduc, le gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 (GNL) en provenance de Russie repr\u00e9sente toujours plus de 16&#160;&#160;% des importations europ\u00e9ennes depuis le d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e. Afin de continuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire sa d\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis de Moscou, la Commission europ\u00e9enne \u00e9tudierait la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019augmenter ses importations de GNL am\u00e9ricain \u2014 ce qui renforcerait davantage sa d\u00e9pendance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique vis-\u00e0-vis de Washington.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":251832,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1730],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[1917],"class_list":["post-251826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energie-et-environnement","geo-europe"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019Union demeure le premier march\u00e9 pour les exportations de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 russe | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2024\/11\/13\/lunion-demeure-le-premier-marche-pour-les-exportations-de-gaz-naturel-liquefie-russe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019Union demeure le premier march\u00e9 pour les exportations de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 russe | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Si les \u00c9tats membres parviennent \u00e0 se passer du gaz russe transport\u00e9 via gazoduc, le gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 (GNL) en provenance de Russie repr\u00e9sente toujours plus de 16&#160;% des importations europ\u00e9ennes depuis le d\u00e9but de l&#039;ann\u00e9e. Afin de continuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire sa d\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis de Moscou, la Commission europ\u00e9enne \u00e9tudierait la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019augmenter ses importations de GNL am\u00e9ricain \u2014 ce qui renforcerait davantage sa d\u00e9pendance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique vis-\u00e0-vis de Washington.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2024\/11\/13\/lunion-demeure-le-premier-marche-pour-les-exportations-de-gaz-naturel-liquefie-russe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-13T12:22:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-13T12:22:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/11\/gc-share-importations-EU-GNL-russe.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1904\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" 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