{"id":2411,"date":"2018-04-30T07:45:29","date_gmt":"2018-04-30T05:45:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lldl.eu\/?p=2411"},"modified":"2019-05-31T14:38:18","modified_gmt":"2019-05-31T12:38:18","slug":"leconomie-des-algorithmes-primee-par-la-medaille-john-bates-clark","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2018\/04\/30\/leconomie-des-algorithmes-primee-par-la-medaille-john-bates-clark\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00e9conomie des algorithmes prim\u00e9e par la m\u00e9daille John Bates Clark"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Cambridge<\/em>. Friedman, Krugman, Samuelson, Stiglitz&#8230; le nom de Parag Pathak, \u00e9conomiste de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et du <em>market design<\/em>, vient de s\u2019ajouter \u00e0 cette liste de personnalit\u00e9s renomm\u00e9es r\u00e9cipiendaires de la prestigieuse m\u00e9daille John Bates Clark (<strong>2<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conditions pour concourir&#160;: \u00eatre un \u00e9conomiste am\u00e9ricain de moins de quarante ans (<strong>4<\/strong>). Deux points sont particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressants dans cette nomination qui pourrait pr\u00e9sager d\u2019un futur prix Nobel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le premier est que les travaux de Parag Pathak se concentrent sur des questions micro\u00e9conomiques, et plus sp\u00e9cifiquement sur les probl\u00e8mes de <em>Market Design<\/em> (<strong>3<\/strong>). Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une branche relativement r\u00e9cente de l\u2019\u00e9conomie qui consiste \u00e0 \u00e9tudier la conception et le fonctionnement de modes d\u2019allocation de biens rares particuli\u00e8rement complexes et atypiques, comme par exemple les ventes aux ench\u00e8res, l\u2019attribution de logements sociaux ou l\u2019attribution de places d\u2019universit\u00e9. Ces syst\u00e8mes, qui ne sont pas toujours des march\u00e9s, fonctionnent souvent sur la base de m\u00e9canismes informatiques et algorithmiques. Leur importance sociale est croissante. Uber, AirBNB et les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019allocation de ressources scolaires comme <em>Parcoursup<\/em> en France, mais aussi les \u00e9coles de New-York et de Boston sur lesquelles Pathak a travaill\u00e9 (<strong>1<\/strong>) n\u2019en sont que quelques exemples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le deuxi\u00e8me est nettement g\u00e9opolitique. La victoire de Pathak semble confirmer que ce que l\u2019on appelle commun\u00e9ment la \u201cmondialisation de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur\u201d proc\u00e8de en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d\u2019un tropisme tourn\u00e9 vers les universit\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines (<strong>5<\/strong>). Pathak a effectu\u00e9 toute sa scolarit\u00e9 au sein d\u2019une universit\u00e9 de l\u2019Ivy League&#160;: Harvard. Par le pass\u00e9, la m\u00e9daille JBC a \u00e9galement r\u00e9compens\u00e9 des \u00e9conomistes am\u00e9ricains ayant fait une partie de leur carri\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Les dix derni\u00e8res nominations sont all\u00e9es exclusivement \u00e0 des \u00e9conomistes am\u00e9ricains en postes \u00e0 Harvard, Stanford ou au MIT. La premi\u00e8re femme a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cor\u00e9e en 2007 (Susan C. Athey)&#160;; depuis, deux autres chercheuses ont re\u00e7u la m\u00e9daille (Esther Duflo en 2010 et Amy Finkelstein en 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Perspectives&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>28 mai 2018<\/em>&#160;: remise du prochain prix du meilleur jeune \u00e9conomiste fran\u00e7ais, qui consacre depuis 2000 les talents de \u201cl\u2019\u00c9cole de Paris\u201d.<\/li><li><em>Octobre 2018<\/em>&#160;: remise du prochain Prix de la Banque de Su\u00e8de en sciences \u00e9conomiques en m\u00e9moire d&rsquo;Alfred Nobel. La m\u00e9daille John Bates Clark fait souvent partie des \u00e9tapes du <em>cursus honorum<\/em> requis pour parvenir \u00e0 cet honneur.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sources <\/strong>&#160;:\n\n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>ABDULKADIROGLU Atila, PATHAK Parag &amp; ROTH Alvin, <a href=\"https:\/\/economics.mit.edu\/files\/3024\">\u201cThe New-York City High School Match\u201d<\/a>, <em>American Economic Review<\/em>, 2005.<\/li><li>American Economic Association Honors and Awards Committee, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/about-aea\/honors-awards\/bates-clark\/parag-pathak\">\u201cParag Pathak, Clark Medalist 2018\u201d<\/a>, <em>AEA<\/em>, Avril 2018.<\/li><li>BRYAN Kevin, <a href=\"https:\/\/afinetheorem.wordpress.com\/2018\/04\/20\/the-2018-john-bates-clark-parag-pathak\/\">\u201cThe 2018 John Bates Clark Medal&#160;: Parag Pathak\u201d<\/a>, <em>A Fine Theorem<\/em>, 20 avril 2018.<\/li><li>CHERRIER B\u00e9atrice &amp; SVORENCIK Andrej, <a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3004944\">\u201cDefining Excellence&#160;: 70 Years of John Bates Clark Medal\u201d<\/a>, <em>Social Science Research Network<\/em>, Juillet 2017.<\/li><li>MUDRY Michel, \u201cUniversit\u00e9s du monde&#160;: le tropisme am\u00e9ricain\u201d, <em>H\u00e9rodote<\/em>, n. 168, 2018.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pour aller plus loin&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>ROTH Alvin E., \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2007\/10\/the-art-of-designing-markets\">The Art of Designing Markets<\/a>\u201d, <em>Harvard Business Review<\/em>, 2007.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Friedman, Krugman, Samuelson, Stiglitz&#8230; le nom de Parag Pathak, \u00e9conomiste de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et du market design, vient de s\u2019ajouter \u00e0 cette liste de personnalit\u00e9s renomm\u00e9es r\u00e9cipiendaires de la prestigieuse m\u00e9daille John Bates Clark.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"staff":[1665],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[525],"class_list":["post-2411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","staff-linus-bleistein","geo-ameriques"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019\u00e9conomie des algorithmes prim\u00e9e par la m\u00e9daille John Bates Clark | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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