{"id":213627,"date":"2023-12-28T16:15:14","date_gmt":"2023-12-28T15:15:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=213627"},"modified":"2024-01-15T10:09:40","modified_gmt":"2024-01-15T09:09:40","slug":"etats-unis-pourquoi-la-situation-a-la-frontiere-menace-les-chances-des-democrates-en-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/12\/28\/etats-unis-pourquoi-la-situation-a-la-frontiere-menace-les-chances-des-democrates-en-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9tats-Unis&#160;: pourquoi la situation \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re menace les chances des D\u00e9mocrates en 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e fiscale 2023 (qui s\u2019est termin\u00e9e en septembre), il y a eu plus de 2,7 millions de franchissements ill\u00e9gaux de la fronti\u00e8re entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et le Mexique, \u00e9tablissant un record pour la troisi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e cons\u00e9cutive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/zXC47\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Si ce nombre ne cesse d\u2019augmenter, la structure des flux de migrations vers l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord est quant \u00e0 elle changeante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pour la premi\u00e8re fois depuis les ann\u00e9es 1960 au moins, une majorit\u00e9 (51&#160;%) des migrants arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine sont originaires de pays autres que le Mexique et les pays du nord de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique centrale (Salvador, Guatemala et Honduras)&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-213627' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/12\/28\/etats-unis-pourquoi-la-situation-a-la-frontiere-menace-les-chances-des-democrates-en-2024\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-213627' title='Colleen Putzel-Kavanaugh et Ariel G. Ruiz Soto, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/news\/border-numbers-fy2023&quot;&gt;Shifting Patterns and Policies Reshape Migration to U.S.-Mexico Border in Major Ways in 2023&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, Migration Policy Institute, octobre 2023.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>De plus en plus de ressortissants africains, chinois, v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9liens, ha\u00eftiens ou \u00e9quatoriens se risquent sur les routes migratoires qui passent par la r\u00e9gion du Dari\u00e9n \u00e0 destination des \u00c9tats-Unis ou du Canada. Ces derniers cherchent notamment \u00e0 \u00ab&#160;\u00e9chapper \u00e0 un climat politique de plus en plus r\u00e9pressif&#160;\u00bb et \u00e0 de \u00ab&#160;sombres perspectives \u00e9conomiques&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-213627' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/12\/28\/etats-unis-pourquoi-la-situation-a-la-frontiere-menace-les-chances-des-democrates-en-2024\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-213627' title='Elliot Spagat et Didi Tang, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/chinese-emigration-us-mexico-border-darien-381c215ff30f0f2349c2ea118aa280c6&quot;&gt;As economy falters, more Chinese migrants take a perilous journey to the US border to seek asylum&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Associated Press&lt;\/em&gt;, 31 octobre 2023.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les donn\u00e9es des douanes am\u00e9ricaines indiquent \u00e9galement que le nombre de familles franchissant la fronti\u00e8re sud des \u00c9tats-Unis a connu une importante augmentation depuis 2020 en raison de la politique de non-d\u00e9tention des membres d\u2019une m\u00eame famille de l\u2019administration Biden&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-213627' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/12\/28\/etats-unis-pourquoi-la-situation-a-la-frontiere-menace-les-chances-des-democrates-en-2024\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-213627' title='Nick Miroff, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/immigration\/2023\/12\/20\/border-wall-migrants-arizona-texas-surge\/?utm_source=Sailthru&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&amp;amp;utm_campaign=12\/21\/23&quot;&gt;U.S. faces \u2018unprecedented\u2019 border surge as immigration deal stalls in D.C.&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;The Washington Post&lt;\/em&gt;, 20 d\u00e9cembre 2023.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comme le montre la carte ci-dessous, les points d\u2019entr\u00e9e changent \u00e9galement. Autrefois privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 par les migrants, le Texas est de plus en plus d\u00e9laiss\u00e9 au profit de l\u2019Arizona et de la Californie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/SIQNQ\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est difficile d\u2019affirmer que cette forte augmentation du nombre de franchissements ill\u00e9gaux est directement li\u00e9e \u00e0 la fin du <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/05\/11\/expiration-du-title-42-aux-etats-unis-un-defi-pour-joe-biden\/\"><em>Title 42<\/em><\/a>, une disposition du Code des \u00c9tats-Unis permettant l\u2019expulsion de migrants et demandeurs d\u2019asile vers le Mexique ou leur pays d\u2019origine. Celui-ci, invoqu\u00e9 par l&rsquo;administration Trump en mars 2020 et maintenu jusqu\u2019en mai 2023, a permis presque 3 millions d\u2019expulsions \u2014 qui peuvent n\u00e9anmoins concerner plusieurs fois les m\u00eames personnes \u2014 malgr\u00e9 de nombreuses contestations relatives \u00e0 sa l\u00e9galit\u00e9&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-213627' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/12\/28\/etats-unis-pourquoi-la-situation-a-la-frontiere-menace-les-chances-des-democrates-en-2024\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-213627' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org\/sites\/default\/files\/research\/title_42_expulsions_at_the_border.pdf&quot;&gt;A Guide to Title 42 Expulsions at the Border&lt;\/a&gt;, American Immigration Council, mai 2022.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/41Us1\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mercredi 27 d\u00e9cembre, Antony Blinken et le secr\u00e9taire \u00e0 la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure Alejandro Mayorkas \u2014 tr\u00e8s critiqu\u00e9 par les <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/12\/21\/la-guerre-civile-du-parti-republicain-a-la-chambre\/\">R\u00e9publicains de la Chambre<\/a> \u2014 se sont rendus \u00e0 Mexico pour \u00e9changer avec Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador sur l\u2019augmentation du nombre de franchissements ill\u00e9gaux.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tout comme les n\u00e9gociations entre D\u00e9mocrates et R\u00e9publicains au S\u00e9nat relatives \u00e0 un accord sur la politique migratoire am\u00e9ricaine en \u00e9change du d\u00e9blocage de l\u2019assistance \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine et \u00e0 l\u2019Indo-Pacifique, le contenu des \u00ab&#160;accords importants&#160;\u00bb conclus \u00e0 Mexico n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 publiquement divulgu\u00e9&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-213627' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/12\/28\/etats-unis-pourquoi-la-situation-a-la-frontiere-menace-les-chances-des-democrates-en-2024\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-213627' title='Ana Isabel Martinez, Sarah Morland et Valentine Hilaire, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/americas\/mexico-leader-urges-us-invest-people-not-walls-ahead-blinken-meeting-2023-12-27\/&quot;&gt;Mexico hails unspecified &amp;lsquo;important&amp;rsquo; deals with US in talks on migration, trade&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 28 d\u00e9cembre 2023.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Selon l\u2019experte am\u00e9ricaine Dara Lind, l\u2019opacit\u00e9 qui entoure ces discussions entre l\u00e9gislateurs et d\u00e9cideurs augmente la probabilit\u00e9 \u00ab&#160;que l&rsquo;accord final soit pr\u00e9judiciable aux migrants et qu&rsquo;il ne permette pas d&rsquo;atteindre l&rsquo;objectif de r\u00e9duction du nombre de demandeurs d&rsquo;asile&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-213627' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/12\/28\/etats-unis-pourquoi-la-situation-a-la-frontiere-menace-les-chances-des-democrates-en-2024\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-213627' title='Dara Lind, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/immigrationimpact.com\/2023\/12\/01\/senate-negotiations-could-wreck-asylum\/&quot;&gt;What We Know About the Senate Negotiations That Could Wreck Asylum in the US&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, Immigration Impact, 1er d\u00e9cembre 2023.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/4Uy13\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019immigration ill\u00e9gale pr\u00e9sente un risque politique majeur pour les D\u00e9mocrates en amont des \u00e9lections de novembre 2024. Dans les \u00c9tats frontaliers comme au Texas, le gouverneur r\u00e9publicain Greg Abbott a d\u00e9plac\u00e9 plus de 80 000 migrants vers des grandes villes du pays \u00e0 majorit\u00e9 d\u00e9mocrate (Washington D.C., New York City, Philadelphie\u2026) depuis avril 2022 afin d\u2019encourager l\u2019opinion publique \u00e0 soutenir la mise en place de mesures drastiques pour freiner l\u2019immigration ill\u00e9gale&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-7-213627' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/12\/28\/etats-unis-pourquoi-la-situation-a-la-frontiere-menace-les-chances-des-democrates-en-2024\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-213627' title='Uriel J. Garcia, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2023\/12\/20\/texas-plane-immigrants-chicago-greg-abbott-busing\/&quot;&gt;Texas flies over 120 immigrants to Chicago in expansion of Gov. Greg Abbott\u2019s busing plan&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;The Texas Tribune&lt;\/em&gt;, 20 d\u00e9cembre 2023.'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Si le camp d\u00e9mocrate compte capitaliser sur sa position relative \u00e0 l\u2019avortement en 2024, le GOP mise quant \u00e0 lui sur l\u2019immigration pour conqu\u00e9rir l\u2019\u00e9lectorat centriste.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soutenue par l\u2019augmentation du nombre de franchissements ill\u00e9gaux de la fronti\u00e8re sud, l\u2019inqui\u00e9tude des Am\u00e9ricains relative \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 frontali\u00e8re augmente, contribuant \u00e0 l\u2019attraction des \u00e9lecteurs centristes vers le Parti r\u00e9publicain.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":213626,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3691],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[525],"class_list":["post-213627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-trump-contre-biden-pour-la-maison-blanche-suivre-les-elections-americaines-2024","geo-ameriques"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00c9tats-Unis : pourquoi la situation \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re menace les chances des D\u00e9mocrates en 2024 | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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