{"id":206236,"date":"2023-10-30T15:21:26","date_gmt":"2023-10-30T14:21:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=206236"},"modified":"2023-10-30T15:21:29","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T14:21:29","slug":"la-dependance-croissante-de-lunion-vis-a-vis-du-gnl-menace-la-stabilite-des-prix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/10\/30\/la-dependance-croissante-de-lunion-vis-a-vis-du-gnl-menace-la-stabilite-des-prix\/","title":{"rendered":"La d\u00e9pendance croissante de l\u2019Union vis-\u00e0-vis du GNL menace la stabilit\u00e9 des prix"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Au d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021, la part de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 (GNL) dans les importations totales de gaz de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne \u00e9tait de seulement 7,12&#160;%. Depuis l\u2019invasion russe de l\u2019Ukraine, celle-ci a plus que tripl\u00e9 et repr\u00e9sentait presque 25&#160;% du gaz import\u00e9 par les \u00c9tats-membres en septembre 2023.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/k9nZi\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Afin de s\u00e9curiser leurs approvisionnements \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques depuis l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine et la baisse des importations en provenance de Russie, les \u00c9tats-membres ont conclu 61 accords \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques avec des pays-tiers entre janvier 2022 et ao\u00fbt 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bien que tous ne concernent pas des approvisionnements en GNL, on observe une augmentation consid\u00e9rable du nombre d\u2019accords sign\u00e9s par rapport aux ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes \u2014 notamment avec les \u00c9tats-Unis&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-206236' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/10\/30\/la-dependance-croissante-de-lunion-vis-a-vis-du-gnl-menace-la-stabilite-des-prix\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-206236' title='Edward Donnelly, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.investigate-europe.eu\/posts\/lng-fever-mega-contracts-shale-gas-imports-us&quot;&gt;LNG fever&amp;#160;: European firms sign mega-contracts as US shale gas imports boom &lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Investigate Europe&lt;\/em&gt;, 9 janvier 2023.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mercredi 11 octobre, TotalEnergies et Qatar Energy concluaient notamment un <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/10\/12\/la-france-signe-un-contrat-dapprovisionnement-en-gnl-de-27-ans-avec-le-qatar\/\">accord d\u2019approvisionnement en GNL<\/a> d\u2019une dur\u00e9e de 27 ans. Il s\u2019agit de la premi\u00e8re fois qu\u2019un \u00c9tat europ\u00e9en s\u2019engage \u00e0 acheter des \u00e9nergies fossiles au-del\u00e0 de 2050.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium \">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/15334712\/embed\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans son rapport annuel sur le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en du gaz, l\u2019Agence de coop\u00e9ration des r\u00e9gulateurs de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie (ACER) consid\u00e8re que \u00ab&#160;la principale cause de la flamb\u00e9e des prix du gaz au cours de l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 2022 a \u00e9t\u00e9 la baisse de l&rsquo;approvisionnement en gaz russe par gazoduc, qui a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une concurrence intense sur les prix entre les acheteurs pour obtenir des ressources suppl\u00e9mentaires en gaz&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-206236' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/10\/30\/la-dependance-croissante-de-lunion-vis-a-vis-du-gnl-menace-la-stabilite-des-prix\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-206236' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.acer.europa.eu\/Publications\/ACER_MMR_2023_Gas_market_trends_price_drivers.pdf&quot;&gt;European gas market trends and price drivers 2023&lt;\/a&gt;, ACER, 24 octobre 2023.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/YKvGg\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tandis que le march\u00e9 global du GNL devrait rester tr\u00e8s comp\u00e9titif au cours des prochaines ann\u00e9es, la volatilit\u00e9 du prix du gaz dans l\u2019Union devrait par cons\u00e9quent \u00ab&#160;probablement&#160;\u00bb augmenter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BloombergNEF anticipe que la demande mondiale de GNL devrait augmenter de 3,4&#160;% par an entre 2022 et 2026.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dans le m\u00eame temps, l\u2019offre devrait \u00ab&#160;rester limit\u00e9e&#160;\u00bb jusqu\u2019en 2026 environ, date d\u2019entr\u00e9e en fonctionnement de plusieurs projets d\u2019exploitation de gaz&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-206236' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/10\/30\/la-dependance-croissante-de-lunion-vis-a-vis-du-gnl-menace-la-stabilite-des-prix\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-206236' title='Shoko Oda et Grace Huang, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-10-16\/world-lacks-enough-lng-for-energy-transition-key-trader-says&quot;&gt;World Lacks Enough LNG for Energy Transition, Key Trader Says&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Bloomberg&lt;\/em&gt;, 16 octobre 2023.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019Agence pr\u00e9vient \u00e9galement qu\u2019une augmentation de la volatilit\u00e9 des prix du gaz dans l\u2019Union \u00ab&#160;pourrait ensuite affecter les prix de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9&#160;\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/KFolV\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 une importante baisse du prix du gaz depuis l\u2019hiver 2022, le m\u00e9gawattheure sur les contrats TTF \u00e0 un mois demeure 1,45 fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 la moyenne 2017-2021.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019Agence internationale de l\u2019\u00e9nergie <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/29\/vers-un-hiver-sans-crise-energetique-en-europe\/\">consid\u00e8re<\/a> qu\u2019un hiver plus froid associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un arr\u00eat total des livraisons de gaz russe par gazoduc pourrait \u00ab&#160;raviver la volatilit\u00e9 des prix et les tensions sur le march\u00e9&#160;\u00bb, peu importe le niveau de remplissage des sites de stockage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pour le moment, ce sc\u00e9nario ne s\u2019est pas mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9. Les derni\u00e8res donn\u00e9es du programme europ\u00e9en Copernicus indiquent qu\u2019il y a une probabilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;au moins 50&#160;% que l&rsquo;Europe connaisse des temp\u00e9ratures nettement sup\u00e9rieures aux moyennes au cours de l\u2019hiver&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-206236' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/10\/30\/la-dependance-croissante-de-lunion-vis-a-vis-du-gnl-menace-la-stabilite-des-prix\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-206236' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/climate.copernicus.eu\/seasonal-forecasts&quot;&gt;Highlights of the latest seasonal forecasts&lt;\/a&gt;, Copernicus, 18 octobre 2023.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/themes\/guerre\/la-guerre-de-soukkot\/\">guerre de Soukkot<\/a> pourrait cependant contribuer \u00e0 la perturbation du march\u00e9. Dimanche 29 octobre, l\u2019\u00c9gypte \u2014 qui exporte du GNL vers les pays de l\u2019Union \u2014 a annonc\u00e9 avoir temporairement mis fin \u00e0 ses importations de gaz en provenance d\u2019Isra\u00ebl&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-206236' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/10\/30\/la-dependance-croissante-de-lunion-vis-a-vis-du-gnl-menace-la-stabilite-des-prix\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-206236' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/egypt-energy-gas-idINL1N3BZ09U&quot;&gt;Egypt&amp;rsquo;s natural gas imports drop to zero from 800 mcfd &amp;#8211; cabinet&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 29 octobre 2023.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/lz9ai\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Au 28 octobre, les r\u00e9serves de gaz des \u00c9tats-membres \u00e9taient remplies \u00e0 98,87&#160;%, soit un niveau bien sup\u00e9rieur aux 90&#160;% requis d\u2019ici le 1er novembre par le r\u00e8glement sur le stockage du gaz de juin 2022. Les donn\u00e9es de l\u2019AGSI indiquent que la p\u00e9riode de stockage n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 compl\u00e9t\u00e9e aussi t\u00f4t dans l\u2019ann\u00e9e depuis au moins 2011, en amont des premiers pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements qui devraient venir d\u2019ici les prochaines semaines.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans son rapport annuel sur le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en du gaz, l\u2019ACER met en garde contre l\u2019exposition croissante des prix du gaz dans l\u2019Union \u00e0 la concurrence internationale. Selon l\u2019Agence, celle-ci devrait \u00ab&#160;&#160;probablement&#160;&#160;\u00bb conduire \u00e0 une augmentation de la volatilit\u00e9 du gaz et de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":206240,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1730],"tags":[],"geo":[1917],"class_list":["post-206236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energie-et-environnement","geo-europe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La d\u00e9pendance croissante de l\u2019Union vis-\u00e0-vis du GNL menace la stabilit\u00e9 des prix | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/10\/30\/la-dependance-croissante-de-lunion-vis-a-vis-du-gnl-menace-la-stabilite-des-prix\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La d\u00e9pendance croissante de l\u2019Union vis-\u00e0-vis du GNL menace la stabilit\u00e9 des prix | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans son rapport annuel sur le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en du gaz, l\u2019ACER met en garde contre l\u2019exposition croissante des prix du gaz dans l\u2019Union \u00e0 la concurrence internationale. Selon l\u2019Agence, celle-ci devrait \u00ab&#160;probablement&#160;\u00bb conduire \u00e0 une augmentation de la volatilit\u00e9 du gaz et de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/10\/30\/la-dependance-croissante-de-lunion-vis-a-vis-du-gnl-menace-la-stabilite-des-prix\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-10-30T14:21:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-10-30T14:21:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/10\/gc-rapport-acer-gaz-volatilite-prix-e1698675366733.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1453\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"810\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" 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