{"id":195429,"date":"2023-08-24T13:44:07","date_gmt":"2023-08-24T11:44:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=195429"},"modified":"2023-09-08T15:50:59","modified_gmt":"2023-09-08T13:50:59","slug":"sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/","title":{"rendered":"Sommet des BRICS&#160;: le pivot asiatique de l\u2019Iran s\u2019accentue"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Davantage que celle des autres nouveaux arrivants, la participation de l\u2019Iran donne corps \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019une orientation anti-occidentale du sommet des BRICS, puisque cet \u00e9largissement peut \u00eatre analys\u00e9 comme une mani\u00e8re d\u2019int\u00e9grer \u00e0 une mondialisation alternative un pays exclu de la sc\u00e8ne internationale. En effet, les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 lev\u00e9es dans le cadre du JCPOA ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9tablies par l\u2019administration Trump en mai 2018, coupant la R\u00e9publique islamique d\u2019Iran de l\u2019\u00e9conomie mondiale.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, de son c\u00f4t\u00e9, a elle aussi mis en place de nombreuses <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/18\/10-points-sur-les-sanctions\/\">sanctions<\/a> \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de l\u2019Iran, pour les violations des droits de l\u2019homme qui ont suivi <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/09\/22\/10-points-sur-lembrasement-iranien\/\">l\u2019assassinat de Mahsa Amini<\/a> en septembre 2022 (paquets de sanctions du 17 octobre, 14 novembre, 12 d\u00e9cembre, 23 janvier, 20 f\u00e9vrier, 20 mars et 22 mai) et pour le soutien \u00e0 la Russie dans son agression de l\u2019Ukraine (paquets de sanctions des 20 octobre, 12 d\u00e9cembre et 20 juillet).&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>De nombreux ressortissants occidentaux sont aujourd\u2019hui emprisonn\u00e9s en Iran pour des motifs fallacieux afin de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 des \u00e9changes de prisonniers iraniens d\u00e9tenus en Europe, ou des all\u00e9gements des sanctions internationales&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-195429' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-195429' title='Dont quatre ressortissants fran\u00e7ais&amp;#160;: C\u00e9cile Kohler, Jacques Paris, Louis Arnaud, Fariba Adelkhah.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019invitation de l\u2019Iran intervient alors qu\u2019il est pr\u00e9vu que les sanctions onusiennes relatives au programme balistique iranien, soient lev\u00e9es le 18 octobre 2023 conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019Accord de Vienne sur le nucl\u00e9aire iranien du 14 juillet 2015. L\u2019approche de cette \u00e9ch\u00e9ance, qui pourrait faciliter le transfert des drones vers la Russie, implique une dense s\u00e9quence diplomatique dans laquelle l\u2019Iran a besoin d\u2019alli\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ainsi, la participation de l\u2019Iran redonne de la vigueur \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019un \u00ab&#160;triple-axe&#160;\u00bb anti-occidental, d\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019expression forg\u00e9e par Ariane Tabatabai et Dina Esfandiary pour d\u00e9crire les positions de plus en plus align\u00e9es de la Chine de la Russie et de l\u2019Iran dans l\u2019\u00e8re post-JCPOA&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-195429' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-195429' title='Dina Esfandiary et Ariane Tabatabai, &lt;em&gt;Triple Axis&amp;#160;: Iran&amp;rsquo;s Relations with Russia and China, &lt;\/em&gt;I.B. Tauris, 2018.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Elle donne une nouvelle vigueur \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019un \u00ab&#160;Regard vers l\u2019Est&#160;\u00bb, expression popularis\u00e9e par Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (<em>N\u00e9g\u00e2h b\u00e9 sharq<\/em>) pour d\u00e9signer une tendance naturelle et in\u00e9vitable de la diplomatie iranienne.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette invitation doit aussi se lire dans la continuit\u00e9 de l\u2019int\u00e9gration de l\u2019Iran \u00e0 l\u2019Organisation de la Coop\u00e9ration de Shangha\u00ef, le 04 juillet, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion d\u2019un sommet en visioconf\u00e9rence. Membre observateur de l\u2019organisation depuis 2005, l\u2019Iran y a rejoint \u00e0 cette occasion la Chine, l\u2019Inde, le Kazakhstan, le Kirghizistan, le Pakistan, la Russie, le Tadjikistan et l\u2019Ouzb\u00e9kistan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019\u00e9largissement des BRICS \u00e0 cinq pays de la zone Moyen-Orient-Afrique du Nord montre \u00e9galement le r\u00f4le croissant que l\u2019organisation, et surtout la Chine, souhaitent jouer dans la diplomatie moyen-orientale, avec en toile de fond le rapprochement entre l\u2019Iran et l\u2019Arabie saoudite qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 orchestr\u00e9, de fa\u00e7on surprenante par <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/10\/liran-et-larabie-saoudite-retablissent-leurs-relations-diplomatiques-sur-fond-de-mediation-chinoise\/\">la Chine le 10 mars 2023<\/a>, lors d\u2019une rencontre au cours de laquelle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9 le r\u00e9tablissement des relations diplomatiques entre les deux pays. \u00c0 la suite de cette annonce, le ministre des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res saoudiens, le Prince Faisal bin Farhan, s\u2019est rendu le 17 juin \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran pour rencontrer son homologue Hossein Amirabdollahian, annon\u00e7ant l\u2019invitation du Pr\u00e9sident iranien Ebrahim Raissi \u00e0 Riyad.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/D9LzP\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019invitation intervient aussi \u00e0 un moment de difficult\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure pour le r\u00e9gime iranien, contraint de limiter les subventions sur l\u2019essence (0,03 $ le litre aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 la pompe) en raison d\u2019une hausse de la demande interne et de capacit\u00e9s de production affaiblies par les sanctions&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-195429' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-195429' title='Iran grapples with unintended consequences of ultra-cheap petrol Financial Times, ao\u00fbt 2023.&amp;nbsp;'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. La derni\u00e8re fois que le prix de l\u2019essence avait augment\u00e9 en Iran, cela avait donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 des manifestations massives \u00e0 l\u2019hiver 2018\/2019, r\u00e9prim\u00e9es dans le sang&#160;: plus de 300 personnes avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9es. Or le gouvernement ne souhaite pas attiser la col\u00e8re populaire alors que l\u2019anniversaire de l\u2019assassinat de Mahsa Amini par la police des moeurs approche.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Par ailleurs, l\u2019Iran est confront\u00e9 de plus en plus r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement aux cons\u00e9quences du <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/08\/lere-de-lebullition-mondiale\/\">r\u00e9chauffement climatique<\/a>. D\u00e9but ao\u00fbt, toutes les activit\u00e9s du sud du pays ont d\u00fb \u00eatre arr\u00eat\u00e9es plusieurs jours en raison de temp\u00e9ratures qui ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les 50\u00b0. Ces temp\u00e9ratures s&rsquo;accompagnent d\u2019une s\u00e9cheresse end\u00e9mique qui s\u2019intensifie chaque ann\u00e9e. Le ministre de l\u2019agriculture iranien admettait au d\u00e9but de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 que 50 milliards de m\u00e8tres cubes sont pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s chaque ann\u00e9e dans les nappes phr\u00e9atiques alors que la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019eau qui y entre est de 19 milliards de m\u00e8tres cubes \u2014 ce qui implique donc un d\u00e9ficit annuel de 31 milliards.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Enfin, l\u2019inflation reste tr\u00e8s forte en Iran, et a m\u00eame avoisin\u00e9 les 50&#160;% au cours du mois de mars 2023. Un euro vaut d\u00e9sormais 574 000 rials, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire cinq fois plus qu\u2019en 2018, date du r\u00e9tablissement des sanctions internationales.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>On peut l\u00e9gitimement se demander si ces victoires diplomatiques symboliques auront des cons\u00e9quences positives concr\u00e8tes pour l\u2019\u00e9conomie et la stabilit\u00e9 politique de la R\u00e9publique islamique d\u2019Iran, l\u2019affirmation d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats convergents entre ces pays dissimulant des niveaux d\u2019int\u00e9gration dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie mondiale et des capacit\u00e9s d\u2019attractions des investissements internationaux, occidentaux ou chinois, extr\u00eamement disparates.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cette invitation doit aussi se lire dans la continuit\u00e9 de l\u2019int\u00e9gration de l\u2019Iran \u00e0 l\u2019Organisation de la Coop\u00e9ration de Shanga\u00ef, le 04 juillet, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion d\u2019un sommet en visioconf\u00e9rence. Membre observateur de l\u2019organisation depuis 2005, l\u2019Iran y a rejoint \u00e0 cette occasion la Chine, l\u2019Inde, le Kazakhstan, le Kirghizistan, le Pakistan, la Russie, le Tadjikistan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":195433,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3586],"tags":[],"staff":[1557],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[530],"class_list":["post-195429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-le-nouvel-ordre-des-brics","staff-pierre-ramond","geo-asie-intermediaire"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sommet des BRICS : le pivot asiatique de l\u2019Iran s\u2019accentue | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sommet des BRICS : le pivot asiatique de l\u2019Iran s\u2019accentue | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cette invitation doit aussi se lire dans la continuit\u00e9 de l\u2019int\u00e9gration de l\u2019Iran \u00e0 l\u2019Organisation de la Coop\u00e9ration de Shanga\u00ef, le 04 juillet, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion d\u2019un sommet en visioconf\u00e9rence. Membre observateur de l\u2019organisation depuis 2005, l\u2019Iran y a rejoint \u00e0 cette occasion la Chine, l\u2019Inde, le Kazakhstan, le Kirghizistan, le Pakistan, la Russie, le Tadjikistan [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-24T11:44:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-08T13:50:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/08\/gc-eliranbrics-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ramona Bloj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/08\/gc-eliranbrics-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ramona Bloj\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/\",\"name\":\"Sommet des BRICS : le pivot asiatique de l\u2019Iran s\u2019accentue | Le Grand Continent\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/08\/SIPA_sipausa31624258_000001-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-24T11:44:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-09-08T13:50:59+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/bee86896b403754f76b6b1515ff0b697\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/08\/24\/sommet-des-brics-le-pivot-asiatique-de-liran-s-accentue\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/08\/SIPA_sipausa31624258_000001-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/08\/SIPA_sipausa31624258_000001-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1791,\"caption\":\"President of Iran Ebrahim Raisi arrives at Waterkloof Air Force Base, Pretoria, South Africa, to attend the 15th BRICS SUMMIT on Aug 24, 2023. 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