{"id":190444,"date":"2023-07-05T17:21:44","date_gmt":"2023-07-05T15:21:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=190444"},"modified":"2023-07-05T17:21:45","modified_gmt":"2023-07-05T15:21:45","slug":"loffre-de-gaz-naturel-peut-elle-repondre-a-la-demande-globale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/07\/05\/loffre-de-gaz-naturel-peut-elle-repondre-a-la-demande-globale\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019offre de gaz naturel peut-elle r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande globale&#160;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le march\u00e9 gazier europ\u00e9en vit une p\u00e9riode d&rsquo;accalmie marqu\u00e9e par une diminution substantielle du prix du gaz naturel. Avec la r\u00e9duction drastique des exportations russes de gaz vers l\u2019Europe, les 27 se tournent vers d\u2019autres sources afin de s\u00e9curiser leurs approvisionnements.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/OIIfs\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sans infrastructures permanentes permettant d\u2019assurer un d\u00e9bit suffisant pour approvisionner le continent en gaz, les acheteurs europ\u00e9ens privil\u00e9gient le gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 (GNL), facilement transportable et produit par de nombreux pays partenaires.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Depuis la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021, les importations europ\u00e9ennes de GNL augmentent consid\u00e9rablement en volume, tandis que les \u00c9tats-Unis ont supplant\u00e9 le Qatar comme principal exportateur de GNL vers l\u2019Union.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/8Q6mV\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le secteur am\u00e9ricain d\u2019exportation de GNL a connu un d\u00e9veloppement vertigineux depuis 2016, tandis que la construction de nouveaux terminaux d\u2019exportation sur la c\u00f4te Est des \u00c9tats-Unis \u2014 parfois gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des investissements europ\u00e9ens&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-190444' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/07\/05\/loffre-de-gaz-naturel-peut-elle-repondre-a-la-demande-globale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-190444' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.naturalgasworld.com\/totalenergies-buys-17.5-stake-in-nextdecade-for-219mn-105662&quot;&gt;TotalEnergies buys 17.5&amp;#160;% stake in Next Decade for $219mn&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Natural Gas World&lt;\/em&gt;, 14 juin 2023.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u2014 devrait contribuer \u00e0 augmenter davantage les capacit\u00e9s de liqu\u00e9faction et d\u2019exportation de gaz naturel am\u00e9ricain d\u2019ici 2025-2026&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-190444' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/07\/05\/loffre-de-gaz-naturel-peut-elle-repondre-a-la-demande-globale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-190444' title='Sergey Vakulenko, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/politika\/89862&quot;&gt;Can China Compensate Russia\u2019s Losses on the European Gas Market&amp;#160;?&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1er juin 2023.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/0ByKW\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La d\u00e9stabilisation des march\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques mondiaux provoqu\u00e9e par la baisse de l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique due au Covid-19 et aggrav\u00e9e par la guerre en Ukraine a conduit au renforcement de la pr\u00e9sence de la Chine et de l\u2019Europe sur les march\u00e9s mondiaux du GNL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En 2021, la Chine d\u00e9tr\u00f4nait le Japon de sa position de premier acheteur mondial de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 occup\u00e9e par le pays depuis 50 ans&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-190444' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/07\/05\/loffre-de-gaz-naturel-peut-elle-repondre-a-la-demande-globale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-190444' title='Ryosuke Hanafusa, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Business\/Energy\/Japan-set-to-cede-LNG-import-crown-to-China&quot;&gt;Japan set to cede LNG import crown to China&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Nikkei Asie&lt;\/em&gt;, 2 juillet 2021.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Afin de s\u00e9curiser leurs approvisionnements tout en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant de prix plus avantageux, les entreprises chinoises concluent des contrats qui les engageront pendant des d\u00e9cennies. Le 20 juin, la China National Petroleum Corporation signait un contrat de 27 ans avec Qatar Energy pour l\u2019achat de 4 millions de tonnes de GNL par an&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-190444' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/07\/05\/loffre-de-gaz-naturel-peut-elle-repondre-a-la-demande-globale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-190444' title='\u00a0Andrew Mills et Maha El Dahan, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/qatar-set-strike-second-big-lng-supply-deal-with-china-ft-2023-06-20\/#:~:text=China%20National%20Petroleum%20Corporation%20(CNPC,from%20the%20Gulf%20Arab%20state.&quot;&gt;Qatar strikes second big LNG supply deal with China&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 20 juin 2023.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/89jjI\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Selon les donn\u00e9es de <em>Bloomberg<\/em>, les acheteurs chinois ont conclu avec des fournisseurs \u00e9trangers un tiers du total des contrats d\u2019approvisionnement en GNL \u00e0 long terme sign\u00e9s depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Soucieuse d\u2019assurer sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique plus que tout \u2014 quitte \u00e0 revendre par la suite les surplus \u00e0 des acheteurs \u00e9trangers \u2014, la Chine a entam\u00e9 la construction d\u2019une douzaine de terminaux d\u2019importation qui devraient permettre au pays d\u2019acheter 138 millions de tonnes de GNL d\u2019ici 2033, soit le double de sa capacit\u00e9 actuelle&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-190444' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/07\/05\/loffre-de-gaz-naturel-peut-elle-repondre-a-la-demande-globale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-190444' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-07-02\/china-is-buying-natural-gas-like-there-s-still-an-energy-crisis&quot;&gt;China Is Buying Gas Like There\u2019s Still an Energy Crisis&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Bloomberg&lt;\/em&gt;, 2 juillet 2023.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/OnQ5R\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi, la concurrence entre les pays europ\u00e9ens et la Chine pour l\u2019achat de gaz naturel s\u2019intensifie, limitant les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019achat des pays ne disposant pas d\u2019autant de ressources financi\u00e8res \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/06\/21\/le-pakistan-continue-de-developper-son-secteur-nucleaire-civil-en-partenariat-avec-la-chine\/\">comme le Pakistan<\/a> \u2014 et suscitant des craintes li\u00e9es \u00e0 une potentielle p\u00e9nurie de l\u2019offre. Selon Fatih Birol, le directeur de l&rsquo;Agence internationale de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, une reprise \u00e9conomique chinoise plus forte qu\u2019anticip\u00e9e conduirait \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation des prix de l\u2019\u00e9nergie en Europe cet hiver ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 d&rsquo;\u00e9ventuelles coupures d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en cas de r\u00e9duction du d\u00e9bit de gaz russe&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-190444' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/07\/05\/loffre-de-gaz-naturel-peut-elle-repondre-a-la-demande-globale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-190444' title='Alex Lawson, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2023\/jul\/03\/international-energy-agency-warns-higher-bills-winter-fatih-birol&quot;&gt;International Energy Agency warns of higher bills this winter&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;The Guardian&lt;\/em&gt;, 3 juillet 2023.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019invasion russe de l\u2019Ukraine et ses cons\u00e9quences sur les exportations gazi\u00e8res vers l\u2019Europe a eu l\u2019effet d\u2019une onde de choc sur l\u2019\u00e9quilibre \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique global. Afin de s\u00e9curiser leurs approvisionnements, l\u2019Union et la Chine multiplient les contrats \u00e0 long-terme, augmentant la pression li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019offre en perspective de l\u2019hiver prochain.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":190448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1730],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[2163],"class_list":["post-190444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energie-et-environnement","geo-monde"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019offre de gaz naturel peut-elle r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande globale ? | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/07\/05\/loffre-de-gaz-naturel-peut-elle-repondre-a-la-demande-globale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019offre de gaz naturel peut-elle r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande globale ? | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019invasion russe de l\u2019Ukraine et ses cons\u00e9quences sur les exportations gazi\u00e8res vers l\u2019Europe a eu l\u2019effet d\u2019une onde de choc sur l\u2019\u00e9quilibre \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique global. Afin de s\u00e9curiser leurs approvisionnements, l\u2019Union et la Chine multiplient les contrats \u00e0 long-terme, augmentant la pression li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019offre en perspective de l\u2019hiver prochain.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/07\/05\/loffre-de-gaz-naturel-peut-elle-repondre-a-la-demande-globale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-05T15:21:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-05T15:21:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/07\/gc-offre-globale-GNL-e1688566835336.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1453\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"814\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/07\/gc-offre-globale-GNL-e1688566835336.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/07\/05\/loffre-de-gaz-naturel-peut-elle-repondre-a-la-demande-globale\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/07\/05\/loffre-de-gaz-naturel-peut-elle-repondre-a-la-demande-globale\/\",\"name\":\"L\u2019offre de gaz naturel peut-elle r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande globale ? 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