{"id":188238,"date":"2023-06-14T14:51:47","date_gmt":"2023-06-14T12:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=188238"},"modified":"2023-06-14T15:38:53","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T13:38:53","slug":"le-desarmement-nucleaire-ralentit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/06\/14\/le-desarmement-nucleaire-ralentit\/","title":{"rendered":"Le d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire ralentit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le rapport&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-188238' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/06\/14\/le-desarmement-nucleaire-ralentit\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-188238' title='&lt;em&gt;SIPRI Yearbook 2023&lt;\/em&gt;, Institut international de recherche sur la paix de Stockholm, juin 2023. La section concernant les stocks nucl\u00e9aires est disponible \u00e0 &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/yearbook\/2023&quot;&gt;cette adresse&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> estime qu\u2019au d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e 2023, neuf \u00c9tats \u2014 les \u00c9tats-Unis, la Russie, le Royaume-Uni, la France, la Chine, l&rsquo;Inde, le Pakistan, la Cor\u00e9e du Nord et Isra\u00ebl \u2014 poss\u00e9daient ensemble environ 12 512 armes nucl\u00e9aires, dont 9576 sont op\u00e9rationnelles ou disponibles dans les stocks.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>On estime que 3 844 de ces ogives ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es avec des forces op\u00e9rationnelles&#160;; environ 2 000 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 maintenues en \u00e9tat d&rsquo;alerte op\u00e9rationnelle \u00e9lev\u00e9e en 2022, soit le m\u00eame nombre qu\u2019en 2021.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/8nCRM\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Si le nombre d&rsquo;ogives nucl\u00e9aires dans le monde continue de diminuer, cette \u00e9volution est principalement due au d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement par les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Russie de t\u00eates de guerre retir\u00e9es du service, alors que les deux pays repr\u00e9sentent 90&#160;% du stock d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires&#160;; les r\u00e9ductions du stock d\u2019ogives op\u00e9rationnelles se sont arr\u00eat\u00e9es et leur nombre augmente \u00e0 nouveau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En 2022, les \u00c9tats-Unis sont rest\u00e9s en conformit\u00e9 avec les limites au nombre d&rsquo;ogives d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es prescrites par le trait\u00e9 russo-am\u00e9ricain de 2010 sur la limitation des armements strat\u00e9giques offensifs (New START), qui le plafonne \u00e0 1550 ogives op\u00e9rationnelles. \u00c0 la fin de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e 2022, les \u00c9tats-Unis ont n\u00e9anmoins conclu qu&rsquo;ils n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas en mesure de d\u00e9terminer si la Russie avait respect\u00e9 le plafond.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dans le m\u00eame temps, les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Russie ont mis en place des programmes de remplacement et de modernisation de leurs ogives nucl\u00e9aires, de leurs syst\u00e8mes de lancement de missiles, d&rsquo;a\u00e9ronefs et de sous-marins, ainsi que de leurs installations de production d&rsquo;armes nucl\u00e9aires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Fgj5O\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les arsenaux nucl\u00e9aires des autres \u00c9tats dot\u00e9s d&rsquo;armes nucl\u00e9aires sont plus r\u00e9duits, mais tous d\u00e9veloppent ou d\u00e9ploient de nouveaux syst\u00e8mes&#160;; l&rsquo;Inde et le Pakistan semblent augmenter la taille de leurs stocks, et le Royaume-Uni a annonc\u00e9 son intention de le faire.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le stock nucl\u00e9aire chinois devrait continuer \u00e0 augmenter au cours de la prochaine d\u00e9cennie&#160;; le nombre de missiles balistiques intercontinentaux (ICBM) chinois devrait atteindre ou d\u00e9passer le nombre d&rsquo;ogives d\u00e9tenues par la Russie ou les \u00c9tats-Unis, son stock d\u2019ogives nucl\u00e9aires restant inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 celui des deux pays.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La Cor\u00e9e du Nord pourrait avoir assembl\u00e9 jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 30 armes nucl\u00e9aires et devrait en produire davantage \u2013 ses stocks r\u00e9els restent n\u00e9anmoins difficiles \u00e0 estimer. De m\u00eame, Isra\u00ebl continue \u00e0 masquer le nombre et les caract\u00e9ristiques de ses armes nucl\u00e9aires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/PPL62\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les d\u00e9penses militaires mondiales ont augment\u00e9 pour la huiti\u00e8me ann\u00e9e cons\u00e9cutive en 2022, atteignant le niveau record de 2240 milliards de dollars. C&rsquo;est en Europe que la hausse a \u00e9t\u00e9 la plus forte (+13&#160;%), en grande partie en raison des d\u00e9penses de la Russie et de l&rsquo;Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les d\u00e9penses militaires de l&rsquo;Ukraine ont atteint 44,0 milliards de dollars en 2022, augmentant de 640&#160;% par rapport \u00e0 2021. En raison de cette hausse et des dommages caus\u00e9s par la guerre \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie ukrainienne, la part des d\u00e9penses de d\u00e9fense a grimp\u00e9 \u00e0 34&#160;% du PIB en 2022, contre 3,2&#160;% en 2021.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selon un r\u00e9cent rapport, en d\u00e9pit de la diminution globale du stock d\u2019ogives nucl\u00e9aires d\u00fb au remplacement d\u2019armes usag\u00e9es, l\u2019arsenalisation se poursuit, avec d\u2019avantages d\u2019ogives mises en service \u2013 les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Russie \u00e9tant les principaux moteurs de cette dynamique. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":188239,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1732],"tags":[],"geo":[2163],"class_list":["post-188238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guerre","geo-monde"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire ralentit | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/06\/14\/le-desarmement-nucleaire-ralentit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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