{"id":182620,"date":"2023-04-19T13:24:01","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T11:24:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=182620"},"modified":"2023-04-19T13:24:02","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T11:24:02","slug":"le-debat-sur-la-reforme-de-la-banque-mondiale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/04\/19\/le-debat-sur-la-reforme-de-la-banque-mondiale\/","title":{"rendered":"Le d\u00e9bat sur la r\u00e9forme de la Banque mondiale"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>En lan\u00e7ant <a href=\"https:\/\/geopolitique.eu\/articles\/sortir-de-limpasse-sur-le-climat-linitiative-bridgetown\/\">l\u2019initiative Bridgetown<\/a> en amont de la COP 27, la Premi\u00e8re ministre de la Barbade, Mia Mottley, avait appel\u00e9 \u00e0 une r\u00e9forme des principales institutions financi\u00e8res internationales \u2014 Banque mondiale et FMI \u2014 visant \u00e0 donner les capacit\u00e9s \u00e0 ces derni\u00e8res de fournir aux pays en d\u00e9veloppement des financements suffisants pour lutter contre le changement climatique tout en continuant \u00e0 investir dans leur propre croissance et d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/h5dsS\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>En octobre, OIaf Scholz a annonc\u00e9 que l\u2019Allemagne, les \u00c9tats-Unis et d\u2019autres pays (qui repr\u00e9sentent plus de la moiti\u00e9 des actionnaires de la banque et regroupent notamment les membres du G7) avaient propos\u00e9 \u00ab&#160;une s\u00e9rie d&rsquo;approches de r\u00e9forme afin que la Banque mondiale soit mieux arm\u00e9e pour relever les futurs d\u00e9fis mondiaux&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-182620' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/04\/19\/le-debat-sur-la-reforme-de-la-banque-mondiale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-182620' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bmz.de\/de\/aktuelles\/aktuelle-meldungen\/schulze-weltbank-jahrestagung-2022-125250?enodia=eyJleHAiOjE2ODE3NDQzNjksImNvbnRlbnQiOnRydWUsImF1ZCI6ImF1dGgiLCJIb3N0Ijoid3d3LmJtei5kZSIsIlNvdXJjZUlQIjoiMmEwMTpjYjA4OjFjMToxZDAwOmZjNzY6MTY0MzplNmM2OmVmMjEiLCJDb25maWdJRCI6IjhkYWRjZTEyNWZkMmMzOTMyYjk0M2I1MmU5ZDJjZDY1MDU3NTRlMTYyMjEyYTJjZTFiYjVhZjE1YzBkNGJiZmUifQ==.2cp5h_hQiZAmofsOlbK_T6qYxKfTJDLFSjJs-sVibHE=&quot;&gt;Schulze&amp;#160;: \u201eWeltbank muss sich umbauen f\u00fcr globale Zukunftsherausforderungen\u201c&lt;\/a&gt;, Minist\u00e8re f\u00e9d\u00e9ral allemand de la Coop\u00e9ration \u00e9conomique et du D\u00e9veloppement, 12 octobre 2022.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le constat de l&rsquo;inefficacit\u00e9 de la Banque face \u00e0 l\u2019ampleur de ces derniers \u2014 dont les d\u00e9caissements de fonds prennent en moyenne 465 jours et qui est en retard par rapport aux autres banques multilat\u00e9rales de d\u00e9veloppement concernant la part de ses financements consacr\u00e9e aux projets climatiques&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-182620' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/04\/19\/le-debat-sur-la-reforme-de-la-banque-mondiale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-182620' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/4e974d8f-80c8-4ab6-a6d8-597e979787ba?accessToken=zwAAAYeP3Unskc9Ol02PgMhKttOm2Fl-l5eHug.MEUCIQCWL5GzstnfmRn_dKwaS19nnDv5UPMdJY1nfe1-9QYfMAIgA0KdTx3MsulxtUgmTWG9SXfmi4sGXbZ0fsOv2KXPkGA&amp;amp;sharetype=gift&amp;amp;token=7e2b57c7-e978-4fd7-b98b-f7f01a92dd49&quot;&gt;A vital moment for World Bank reform&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, Comit\u00e9 \u00e9ditorial, &lt;em&gt;Financial Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 22 f\u00e9vrier 2023.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u2014 est \u00e9galement partag\u00e9 par les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement, qui demandent une augmentation du capital de l\u2019institution afin d&rsquo;accro\u00eetre ses capacit\u00e9s de pr\u00eats sans nuire \u00e0 la notation de ses \u00e9missions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Des critiques visant l\u2019institution ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9merger apr\u00e8s que son pr\u00e9sident, David Malpass \u2014 dont la d\u00e9mission est attendue fin juin \u2014, ait laiss\u00e9 entendre \u00e0 plusieurs reprises qu\u2019il avait des doutes quant aux causes et cons\u00e9quences du changement climatique&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-182620' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/04\/19\/le-debat-sur-la-reforme-de-la-banque-mondiale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-182620' title='David Gelles et Alan Rappeport, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/09\/22\/climate\/malpass-world-bank-climate.html&quot;&gt;World Bank Leader, Accused of Climate Denial, Offers a New Response&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;The New York Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 22 septembre 2022.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le conseiller sp\u00e9cial du Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pour l&rsquo;action climatique et une transition juste des Nations unies, Selwin Hart, avait alors accus\u00e9 la Banque mondiale \u2014 et les \u00ab&#160;grandes banques&#160;\u00bb d\u2019une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u2014 d\u2019\u00eatre trop passifs tandis que \u00ab&#160;le monde en d\u00e9veloppement br\u00fble&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-182620' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/04\/19\/le-debat-sur-la-reforme-de-la-banque-mondiale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-182620' title='Valerie Volcovici and Kate Abnett, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/world-banks-malpass-faces-calls-resign-after-climate-change-doubts-2022-09-21\/&quot;&gt;World Bank&amp;rsquo;s Malpass faces calls to resign after climate change doubts&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 22 septembre 2022.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/wI9MW\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Mercredi 12 avril, au cours des r\u00e9unions de printemps du <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/01\/le-dissensus-de-washington-la-doctrine-du-fmi-face-a-la-fragmentation\/\">Fonds mon\u00e9taire international<\/a> et de la Banque mondiale, Malpass a annonc\u00e9 que les pays membres \u00e9taient parvenus \u00e0 un accord sur des mesures qui permettront notamment \u00ab&#160;d\u2019ajouter jusqu\u2019\u00e0 50 milliards de dollars aux capacit\u00e9s de pr\u00eats de la BIRD (Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le d\u00e9veloppement, dont les services financiers sont destin\u00e9s aux pays \u00e0 revenus interm\u00e9diaires) au cours des dix prochaines ann\u00e9es&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-182620' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/04\/19\/le-debat-sur-la-reforme-de-la-banque-mondiale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-182620' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/statement\/2023\/04\/12\/development-committee-meeting-opening-remarks-by-world-bank-group-president-david-malpass&quot;&gt;Development Committee Meeting Opening Remarks by World Bank Group President David Malpass&lt;\/a&gt;, Banque mondiale, 12 avril 2023.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Ce renforcement des capacit\u00e9s de pr\u00eats de l\u2019institution correspond \u00e0 une augmentation de 15&#160;% par rapport aux niveaux de financement actuels de la BIRD (\u00e0 raison de 5 milliards de dollars par an).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/qNtw0\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 ces premiers efforts, le Comit\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement de la Banque a pr\u00e9venu que cet accroissement des capacit\u00e9s de pr\u00eats de l\u2019institution \u00ab&#160;ne sera pas suffisant par rapport aux vastes besoins des pays clients&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-182620' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/04\/19\/le-debat-sur-la-reforme-de-la-banque-mondiale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-182620' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.devcommittee.org\/sites\/dc\/files\/download\/Documents\/2023-03\/Final_DC2023-0002%20evolution%20paper%20for%20DC%20website.pdf&quot;&gt;Evolution of the World Bank Group&amp;#160;: A Report to Governors&lt;\/a&gt;, Comit\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement de la Banque mondiale, 12 avril 2023.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/1xXSO\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En outre, le comit\u00e9 de pilotage de l\u2019institution plaide pour une augmentation du capital de la Banque qui seul permettrait d\u2019\u00e9largir les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019aide aux pays \u00e0 revenus faibles et interm\u00e9diaire pour faire face au changement climatique tout en continuant \u00e0 investir dans la lutte contre la pauvret\u00e9 \u2014 ce que Washington et les autorit\u00e9s europ\u00e9ennes sont r\u00e9ticents \u00e0 accorder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019\u00e9pineuse question d\u2019une augmentation du capital de l\u2019institution est d\u00e9fendue par les pays en d\u00e9veloppement qui consid\u00e8rent que celle-ci pourrait \u00ab&#160;\u00eatre un moyen de tirer parti des ressources disponibles et le signe le plus clair d&rsquo;un soutien solide de la part des actionnaires&#160;\u00bb, comme l\u2019ont \u00e9crit dans <em>Project Syndicate<\/em> trois directeurs ex\u00e9cutifs de l\u2019institution repr\u00e9sentant 41 pays asiatiques, africains et sud-am\u00e9ricains&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-7-182620' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/04\/19\/le-debat-sur-la-reforme-de-la-banque-mondiale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-182620' title='Wempi Saputra, Erivaldo Alfredo Gomes et Abdoul Salam Bello, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.project-syndicate.org\/commentary\/world-bank-climate-mitigation-efforts-must-not-impede-poverty-reduction-by-wempi-saputra-et-al-2023-04&quot;&gt;The World Bank in a New World&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Project Syndicate&lt;\/em&gt;, 13 avril 2023.'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ces derniers revendiquent \u00e9galement que les pays riches \u00ab&#160;respectent leurs engagements existants&#160;\u00bb en mati\u00e8re de financements climatiques, comme la promesse faite en 2009 lors de la COP de Copenhague visant \u00e0 soutenir les pays en d\u00e9veloppement dans la lutte contre le r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/AMYU3\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi, certains pays en d\u00e9veloppement craignent que renforcer les moyens de la Banque pour lutter contre le r\u00e9chauffement climatique ne se fasse au d\u00e9triment des pays les plus pauvres, notamment en \u00ab&#160;orientant des capitaux indispensables vers des pays comparativement plus riches&#160;\u00bb ou bien en r\u00e9duisant en proportion les financements destin\u00e9s \u00e0 lutter contre la pauvret\u00e9&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-8-182620' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote note-digits-1'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/04\/19\/le-debat-sur-la-reforme-de-la-banque-mondiale\/#easy-footnote-bottom-8-182620' title='Zack Colman et Ben White, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2023\/04\/14\/climate-change-debate-dividing-world-bank-00091031&quot;&gt;The climate change debate dividing the World Bank&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Politico&lt;\/em&gt;, 14 avril 2023.'><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Le candidat de la Maison-Blanche pour succ\u00e9der \u00e0 Malpass \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l\u2019institution, Ajay Banga (ancien PDG de Mastercard), consid\u00e8re quant \u00e0 lui d\u2019autres solutions, comme revoir l&rsquo;importance accord\u00e9e au syst\u00e8me de classification des revenus qui emp\u00eachent certains pays membres d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 financements moins co\u00fbteux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La r\u00e9forme de l\u2019institution vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les capacit\u00e9s de financement de la Banque pour faire face aux multiples d\u00e9fis syst\u00e9miques&#160;: guerres, \u00e9pid\u00e9mies, changement climatique. Cependant, les pays en d\u00e9veloppement ne veulent pas que cette r\u00e9forme se fasse au d\u00e9triment de la lutte contre la pauvret\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":182624,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":5,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[4942],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[2163],"class_list":["post-182620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","editorial_format-actu-breves","geo-monde"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false,"_thumbnail_id":182624,"excerpt":"La r\u00e9forme de l\u2019institution vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les capacit\u00e9s de financement de la Banque pour faire face aux multiples d\u00e9fis syst\u00e9miques : guerres, \u00e9pid\u00e9mies, changement climatique. Cependant, les pays en d\u00e9veloppement ne veulent pas que cette r\u00e9forme se fasse au d\u00e9triment de la lutte contre la pauvret\u00e9.","display_date":"","new_abstract":true},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le d\u00e9bat sur la r\u00e9forme de la Banque mondiale | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/04\/19\/le-debat-sur-la-reforme-de-la-banque-mondiale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le d\u00e9bat sur la r\u00e9forme de la Banque mondiale | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La r\u00e9forme de l\u2019institution vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les capacit\u00e9s de financement de la Banque pour faire face aux multiples d\u00e9fis syst\u00e9miques&#160;: guerres, \u00e9pid\u00e9mies, changement climatique. 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