{"id":181196,"date":"2023-03-31T15:42:37","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T13:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=181196"},"modified":"2023-05-07T12:37:48","modified_gmt":"2023-05-07T10:37:48","slug":"le-commerce-sino-allemand-sous-tension","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/31\/le-commerce-sino-allemand-sous-tension\/","title":{"rendered":"Le commerce sino-allemand sous tension"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Les \u00e9changes commerciaux entre l&rsquo;Allemagne et la Chine avaient atteint un niveau record l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Selon les premiers r\u00e9sultats de l&rsquo;Office f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des statistiques, des marchandises d&rsquo;une valeur de 298,2 milliards d&rsquo;euros ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9chang\u00e9es entre l&rsquo;Allemagne et la R\u00e9publique populaire de Chine en 2022 (exportations et importations). Au total, l&rsquo;Allemagne a enregistr\u00e9 un d\u00e9ficit commercial avec la Chine d&rsquo;environ 84 milliards d&rsquo;euros.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les constructeurs automobiles allemands sont particuli\u00e8rement actifs sur le&nbsp; march\u00e9 chinois, Volkswagen y r\u00e9alisant pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de ses b\u00e9n\u00e9fices. L\u2019Allemagne repr\u00e9sente 46&#160;% des IDE europ\u00e9ens en Chine, devant le Royaume-Uni (20&#160;%), les Pays-Bas (13&#160;%) et la France (10&#160;%).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La Chine a ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 le principal partenaire commercial de l&rsquo;Allemagne en 2022 pour la septi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e cons\u00e9cutive. Viennent ensuite les \u00c9tats-Unis avec un volume d&rsquo;\u00e9changes de 247,8 milliards d&rsquo;euros, puis les Pays-Bas (233,6 milliards d&rsquo;euros).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium \">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/13264724\/embed\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les \u00e9changes commerciaux s\u2019\u00e9taient cependant ralentis depuis 2019 en raison de la politique anti-Covid stricte en Chine, au cours de laquelle les usines et les ports de la deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9conomie mondiale ont ferm\u00e9 leurs portes. Les premiers mois de 2023 voient les exportations vers la Chine ralentir, en parall\u00e8le d\u2019une perc\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les exportations de l\u2019Allemagne vers la Chine ont chut\u00e9 de plus de 11&#160;% par rapport aux deux premiers mois de 2022, pour atteindre 15,2 milliards d&rsquo;euros en janvier et f\u00e9vrier 2023&#160;; en parall\u00e8le, les exportations vers les \u00c9tats-Unis ont augment\u00e9 de 27&#160;% par rapport aux premiers mois de 2022.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, dans le contexte de la guerre en Ukraine, la hausse des \u00e9changes avec les \u00c9tats-Unis s\u2019explique en partie par les importations croissantes de GNL. En 2022, l\u2019importation de combustibles et carburants fossiles en provenance des \u00c9tats-Unis se chiffre \u00e0 127 milliards d\u2019euros, soit 65 milliards de plus qu\u2019en 2021&#160;; leur part dans la hausse des importations des \u00c9tats-Unis est de 35&#160;%.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/sr4G8\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019Allemagne est particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9pendante de la Chine en mati\u00e8re d\u2019importation de terres rares, indispensables pour la fabrication des batteries, des semi-conducteurs et des aimants des voitures \u00e9lectriques<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En janvier dernier, le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00e9conomie allemand avait d\u00e9voil\u00e9 sa nouvelle strat\u00e9gie pour diversifier ses cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement en min\u00e9raux critiques et augmenter sa production mini\u00e8re nationale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le minist\u00e8re pr\u00e9voit de soumettre les entreprises allemandes pr\u00e9sente en Chine \u00e0 des exigences tr\u00e8s strictes (dont l&rsquo;obligation de partager les d\u00e9tails de leurs activit\u00e9s et de se soumettre \u00e0 des tests de r\u00e9sistance r\u00e9guliers) et d&rsquo;exclure les fournisseurs d&rsquo;\u00c9tats autoritaires des infrastructures critiques. Les mesures devraient entrer en vigueur courant 2023.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/gpxVt\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne, l\u2019approche vis-\u00e0-vis de la Chine a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9taill\u00e9e le <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/30\/lunion-a-une-nouvelle-doctrine-chinoise\/\">30 mars par Ursula von der Leyen<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alors que la Chine est depuis sept ann\u00e9es cons\u00e9cutives le premier partenaire commercial de l\u2019Allemagne, les exportations vers P\u00e9kin ont chut\u00e9 d\u00e9but 2023 de 11&#160;&#160;% par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019hiver 2022, Berlin cherchant \u00e0 limiter sa d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la Chine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":181207,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[536],"class_list":["post-181196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","geo-centres"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le commerce sino-allemand sous tension | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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