{"id":180967,"date":"2023-03-28T17:52:19","date_gmt":"2023-03-28T15:52:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=180967"},"modified":"2023-03-28T17:52:22","modified_gmt":"2023-03-28T15:52:22","slug":"le-role-croissant-joue-par-la-chine-dans-le-systeme-financier-mondial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/28\/le-role-croissant-joue-par-la-chine-dans-le-systeme-financier-mondial\/","title":{"rendered":"Le r\u00f4le croissant jou\u00e9 par la Chine dans le syst\u00e8me financier mondial"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Un rapport publi\u00e9 le 27 mars par le laboratoire de recherche AidData du College of William &amp; Mary indique que les pr\u00eats de sauvetage octroy\u00e9s par la Chine \u00e0 des pays risquant de faire d\u00e9faut sur leurs dettes ou connaissant des probl\u00e8mes de surendettement ont consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-180967' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/28\/le-role-croissant-joue-par-la-chine-dans-le-systeme-financier-mondial\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-180967' title='Sebastian Horn, Bradley C. Parks, Carmen M. Reinhart et Christoph Trebesch, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/docs.aiddata.org\/ad4\/pdfs\/WPS124_China_as_an_International_Lender_of_Last_Resort.pdf&quot;&gt;China as an International Lender of Last Resort&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, AidData, Working paper n\u00b0124, 27 mars 2023.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/8ANIf\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces pr\u00eats servent majoritairement \u00e0 permettre aux pays b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de continuer \u00e0 rembourser leurs pr\u00eats contract\u00e9s dans le cadre des Nouvelles routes de la soie, tandis que de plus en plus de pays connaissent des difficult\u00e9s de paiement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Selon les auteurs du rapport, l\u2019augmentation du nombre ainsi que des montants de ces pr\u00eats constituent un risque pour les d\u00e9biteurs en ce que ces derniers sont \u00ab&#160;opaques et assortis de taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat relativement \u00e9lev\u00e9s&#160;\u00bb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bien que ces taux varient selon les pays contractant ces types de pr\u00eats de dernier recours, les cr\u00e9diteurs chinois appliquent en moyenne un taux sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 5&#160;%, contre environ 3,2&#160;% pour ceux accord\u00e9s par le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international et 1,1&#160;% pour les <em>swaps <\/em>de devises de la R\u00e9serve f\u00e9d\u00e9rale am\u00e9ricaine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ces <em>swaps <\/em>(consistant en un d\u00e9boursement de yuan par la Banque centrale chinoise en \u00e9change de devises nationales) constituent, avec les soutiens directs \u00e0 la balance des paiements, les deux formes de pr\u00eats de sauvetage octroy\u00e9s par la Chine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/NymlN\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Au total, 22 pays ont re\u00e7u des pr\u00eats de sauvetage de la Banque centrale chinoise ou bien de banques et d\u2019entreprises d\u2019\u00c9tat entre 2000 et 2021 pour un montant total de 232 milliards de dollars. Parmi ceux-ci, on d\u00e9nombre plusieurs pays qui connaissent de <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/19\/vers-une-crise-de-la-dette-dans-les-pays-en-developpement\/\">graves probl\u00e8mes d\u2019endettement<\/a> \u2014 selon le Programme des Nations unies pour le D\u00e9veloppement \u2014 dont l\u2019Argentine, le Venezuela, le Kenya ou bien le Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/NHPyr\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Des chercheurs et personnalit\u00e9s politiques (surtout am\u00e9ricaines) accusent depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es la Chine de conduire une \u00ab&#160;diplomatie du pi\u00e8ge de la dette&#160;\u00bb, notamment en\u200b r\u00e9digeant des contrats qui permettent \u00e0 P\u00e9kin de saisir des actifs strat\u00e9giques en cas d\u2019insolvabilit\u00e9&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-180967' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/28\/le-role-croissant-joue-par-la-chine-dans-le-systeme-financier-mondial\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-180967' title='Anna Gelpern, Sebastian Horn, Scott Morris, Brad Parks et Christoph Trebesch, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.cgdev.org\/sites\/default\/files\/how-china-lends-rare-look-100-debt-contracts-foreign-governments.pdf&quot;&gt;How China Lends. A Rare Look into 100 Debt Contracts with Foreign Governments&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, AidData, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Center for Global Development et PIIE, mars 2021.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En d\u00e9cembre 2017, apr\u00e8s avoir connu d\u2019importantes difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 rembourser sa dette contract\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s de plusieurs entreprises chinoises, le gouvernement du Sri Lanka a \u00e9t\u00e9 contraint de c\u00e9der \u00e0 P\u00e9kin son port de Hambantota pour 99 ans&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-180967' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/28\/le-role-croissant-joue-par-la-chine-dans-le-systeme-financier-mondial\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-180967' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/sri-lanka-china-ports-idUSL3N1O908U&quot;&gt;Sri Lanka hands port formally to Chinese firm, receives $292 mln&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 9 d\u00e9cembre 2017.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ce rapport, qui constitue la premi\u00e8re tentative d\u2019\u00e9tude exhaustive des pr\u00eats de sauvetage chinois, t\u00e9moigne \u00e9galement de la fin d\u2019une p\u00e9riode d\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monie jou\u00e9e par le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international (FMI) en parall\u00e8le du r\u00f4le croissant jou\u00e9 par la Chine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/J7jN5\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Cumul\u00e9s, les renflouements de la Chine correspondent \u00e0 plus de 20&#160;% du total des pr\u00eats octroy\u00e9s par le FMI au cours des dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Cette tendance s\u2019est particuli\u00e8rement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e depuis 2015&#160;: les pr\u00eats chinois (40 milliards de dollars) repr\u00e9sentaient plus de 50&#160;% du montant des pr\u00eats octroy\u00e9s par le FMI (68 milliards de dollars) en 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/1kapj\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le r\u00f4le jou\u00e9 par P\u00e9kin dans le syst\u00e8me financier international est encore loin de rivaliser avec les \u00c9tats-Unis ou le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international, selon les auteurs du rapport. Cependant, le manque de transparence ainsi que la multipolarisation (marqu\u00e9e par une perte de vitesse des institutions au profit d\u2019acteurs \u00e9tatiques) pr\u00e9sentent des risques suppl\u00e9mentaires pour les pays connaissant d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u2019importants probl\u00e8mes d\u2019endettement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Au cours des deux derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, la banque centrale ainsi que les banques et entreprises d\u2019\u00c9tat chinoises ont accord\u00e9 plus de 230 milliards de dollars de pr\u00eats de sauvetage \u00e0 des pays en situation de surendettement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":180966,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"geo":[531],"class_list":["post-180967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","geo-chine"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le r\u00f4le croissant jou\u00e9 par la Chine dans le syst\u00e8me financier mondial | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/28\/le-role-croissant-joue-par-la-chine-dans-le-systeme-financier-mondial\/\" \/>\n<meta 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