{"id":180497,"date":"2023-03-22T09:50:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T08:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=180497"},"modified":"2023-03-22T15:52:59","modified_gmt":"2023-03-22T14:52:59","slug":"le-fmi-prete-156-milliards-de-dollars-a-lukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/22\/le-fmi-prete-156-milliards-de-dollars-a-lukraine\/","title":{"rendered":"Le FMI pr\u00eate 15,6 milliards de dollars \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>L\u2019accord annonc\u00e9 par le FMI intervient \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de discussions avec les autorit\u00e9s ukrainiennes \u00e0 Varsovie ce mois-ci. Il doit encore \u00eatre approuv\u00e9 par le conseil d&rsquo;administration du Fonds, ce qui devrait se faire dans les semaines \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/9YgWt\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon le minist\u00e8re ukrainien des Finances, le d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire avait atteint 911,1 milliards de hryvnia en 2022, soit 23,24 milliards d\u2019euros. Il est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 38 milliards de dollars pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pour financer son budget, en 2022, le gouvernement s\u2019\u00e9tait appuy\u00e9 en premier lieu sur les obligations de guerre \u00e9mises par le minist\u00e8re des Finances et sur l\u2019action de la banque centrale qui, depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019invasion, a achet\u00e9 des titres d\u2019une valeur totale de 30 milliards de hryvnia (767 millions d\u2019euros).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le minist\u00e8re ukrainien des Finances pr\u00e9voit de recevoir en 2023 28 milliards de dollars sous forme de dons et de pr\u00eats des \u00c9tats-Unis et de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne, le reste provenant de pr\u00eats bilat\u00e9raux d&rsquo;autres \u00c9tats et du FMI. Les entr\u00e9es permettront de combler le foss\u00e9 budg\u00e9taire, avec un d\u00e9ficit s&rsquo;\u00e9levant \u00e0 quelque 3 milliards de dollars par mois.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La banque centrale ukrainienne table pour 2023 sur une croissance du PIB de 0,3&#160;%, bien que les attaques russes sur les infrastructures critiques pourraient affaiblir ces pr\u00e9visions. Une reprise \u00e9conomique est attendue pour 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/40Opq\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;accord du FMI t\u00e9moigne d\u2019un virage dans sa politique de financement, les fonds pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 distribu\u00e9s par le biais d&rsquo;instruments de financement rapide et sans conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le FMI a approuv\u00e9 le 17 mars des modifications de ses r\u00e8gles de pr\u00eat, lui permettant d&rsquo;aider les pays confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une incertitude exceptionnellement \u00e9lev\u00e9e&#160;; en effet, traditionnellement, le Fonds ne pr\u00eate qu&rsquo;aux pays qui ont des perspectives claires de remboursement, afin de garantir sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 continuer \u00e0 pr\u00eater \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres pays.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kyiv a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier un programme de pr\u00eat complet avec le FMI en juin dernier, et a conclu un accord non mon\u00e9taire de quatre mois lors d&rsquo;une \u00e9tape interm\u00e9diaire en d\u00e9cembre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En tout, l&rsquo;Ukraine a re\u00e7u plus de 38 milliards de dollars de soutien budg\u00e9taire (promis ou vers\u00e9s) de la part de pays \u00e9trangers et d&rsquo;institutions financi\u00e8res internationales depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre&#160;; l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne et les \u00c9tats-Unis sont de loin les principaux contributeurs, avec 25 milliards de dollars.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/hGINn\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le plan de quatre ans devrait permettre \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine de combler son d\u00e9ficit \u00e0 court terme.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La premi\u00e8re phase du plan, s\u2019\u00e9tendant sur les 12 \u00e0 18 premiers mois du programme, consolidera la stabilit\u00e9 des prix et l\u2019\u00e9quilibre financier et budg\u00e9taire en&nbsp; renfor\u00e7ant la mobilisation des recettes, \u00e9liminant le financement mon\u00e9taire et en visant un financement net positif des march\u00e9s de la dette int\u00e9rieure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Au cours de la deuxi\u00e8me phase, l&rsquo;Ukraine devrait revenir aux cadres politiques d&rsquo;avant-guerre, en disposant un taux de change flexible et d\u2019un r\u00e9gime de ciblage de l&rsquo;inflation. En outre, des r\u00e9formes budg\u00e9taires structurelles seraient men\u00e9es pour ancrer les recettes \u00e0 moyen terme, et&nbsp; des r\u00e9formes des investissements publics seraient conduites pour soutenir la reconstruction d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s-guerre.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Outre les modifications de la politique financi\u00e8re du FMI, n\u00e9cessaires pour l\u2019accord, celui-ci t\u00e9moigne aussi d\u2019un autre changement&#160;: depuis sa cr\u00e9ation en 1945, c\u2019est la premi\u00e8re fois que le Fonds finance un pays en guerre.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022, la production industrielle ukrainienne a chut\u00e9 de plus de 35&#160;%. Pour la production manufacturi\u00e8re, le chiffre se situe \u00e0 40&#160;% (la production de produits p\u00e9troliers raffin\u00e9s, de produits chimiques, de caoutchouc et de produits en plastique a chut\u00e9 de 60&#160;%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/gpJMI\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L&rsquo;Ukraine produit aujourd&rsquo;hui 20 000 tonnes de fonte, d&rsquo;acier et d&rsquo;acier lamin\u00e9 par jour, contre plus de 50 000 tonnes par jour avant la guerre. Dans le secteur de l\u2019agriculture, selon la Kyiv School of Economics, en 2022 la r\u00e9colte de bl\u00e9 a baiss\u00e9 \u00e0 20,2 millions de tonnes, contre 32,2 millions de tonnes en 2021 et la production totale de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales \u00e0 54 millions de tonnes, contre 86 millions de tonnes en 2021. Le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00e9conomie urkainien table sur diminution suppl\u00e9mentaire de la production de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales, qui pourrait s\u2019\u00e9tablir \u00e0 49,5 millions de tonnes en 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La majorit\u00e9 des entreprises ukrainiennes identifient les coupures de courant, d&rsquo;eau ou de chauffage, dus aux attaques russes sur les infrastructures du pays, comme les probl\u00e8mes les plus fr\u00e9quents qui affectent leurs activit\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Cmd9K\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La perception des perspectives de croissance des entreprises s&rsquo;est \u00e9galement d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e depuis septembre 2022, apr\u00e8s un l\u00e9ger rebond pendant l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le mardi 21 mars, les autorit\u00e9s ukrainiennes et le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international sont parvenus \u00e0 un accord sur un ensemble de politiques macro\u00e9conomiques et financi\u00e8res, soutenues par un programme \u00e9conomique sur 4 ans usant du m\u00e9canisme \u00e9largi de cr\u00e9dit (MEDC). Le pr\u00eateur multilat\u00e9ral fournira au total 15,6 milliards de dollars \u00e0 Kyiv.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":180508,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"geo":[1917],"class_list":["post-180497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","geo-europe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le FMI pr\u00eate 15,6 milliards de dollars \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/22\/le-fmi-prete-156-milliards-de-dollars-a-lukraine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le FMI pr\u00eate 15,6 milliards de dollars \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le mardi 21 mars, les autorit\u00e9s ukrainiennes et le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international sont parvenus \u00e0 un accord sur un ensemble de politiques macro\u00e9conomiques et financi\u00e8res, soutenues par un programme \u00e9conomique sur 4 ans usant du m\u00e9canisme \u00e9largi de cr\u00e9dit (MEDC). Le pr\u00eateur multilat\u00e9ral fournira au total 15,6 milliards de dollars \u00e0 Kyiv.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/03\/22\/le-fmi-prete-156-milliards-de-dollars-a-lukraine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-03-22T08:50:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-22T14:52:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/gc-imf-1-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Matheo Malik\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" 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