{"id":175415,"date":"2023-01-26T13:52:48","date_gmt":"2023-01-26T12:52:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=175415"},"modified":"2023-01-26T16:36:08","modified_gmt":"2023-01-26T15:36:08","slug":"neuf-entreprises-occidentales-sur-dix-maintiennent-leurs-activites-en-russie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/26\/neuf-entreprises-occidentales-sur-dix-maintiennent-leurs-activites-en-russie\/","title":{"rendered":"Neuf entreprises occidentales sur dix maintiennent leurs activit\u00e9s en Russie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Les mesures restrictives ciblent en partie les actifs financiers russes et les revenus que le pays obtient de ses exportations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le volume des importations russes de l\u2019Union a baiss\u00e9 de 75&#160;% depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 \u2014 50&#160;% en zone euro.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/02\/malgre-les-sanctions-le-commerce-entre-lunion-et-la-russie-a-augmente-en-2022\/\">Le montant des transactions a cependant augment\u00e9 sur l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022<\/a>, notamment en raison de l\u2019augmentation des prix de l\u2019\u00e9nergie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium \">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/12475155\/embed\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les avoirs de la zone euro en actifs russes n\u2019ont cependant pas diminu\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00eame vitesse, comme le constatait d\u00e9j\u00e0 la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne en juillet&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-175415' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/26\/neuf-entreprises-occidentales-sur-dix-maintiennent-leurs-activites-en-russie\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-175415' title='Lorenz Emter, Michael Fidora, Fausto Pastoris et Martin Schmitz, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/pub\/economic-bulletin\/focus\/2022\/html\/ecb.ebbox202207_08~4f1967995f.fr.htmlhttps:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/pub\/economic-bulletin\/focus\/2022\/html\/ecb.ebbox202207_08~4f1967995f.fr.html&quot;&gt;Euro area linkages with Russia&amp;#160;: latest insights from the balance of payments&lt;\/a&gt;, Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne, juillet 2022'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u2014 ce que confirme une r\u00e9cente \u00e9tude de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Saint-Gall&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-175415' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/26\/neuf-entreprises-occidentales-sur-dix-maintiennent-leurs-activites-en-russie\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-175415' title='Simon Evenett et Niccol\u00f2 Pisani, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4322502&quot;&gt;Less than Nine Percent of Western Firms Have Divested from Russia&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, 20 d\u00e9cembre 2022.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le montant des avoirs de la zone euro en actifs russes avait diminu\u00e9 de 10&#160;% entre la fin du quatri\u00e8me trimestre de 2021 et la fin du deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compilant les entreprises europ\u00e9ennes, japonaises et am\u00e9ricaines r\u00e9alisant un chiffre d\u2019affaires annuel d\u2019au moins un million de dollars via leurs filiales en Russie, Pisani et Everett montrent que seules 120 des 1400 (soit 9&#160;%) des entreprises recens\u00e9es ont ferm\u00e9 l\u2019une de leurs filiales en Russie depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les d\u00e9parts confirm\u00e9s des entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res ayant leur si\u00e8ge aux \u00c9tats-Unis sont plus nombreux que ceux des entreprises bas\u00e9es dans l&rsquo;Union et au Japon. N\u00e9anmoins, l&rsquo;\u00e9tude montre que moins de 18&#160;% des filiales am\u00e9ricaines ont effectivement proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 des cessions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En d&rsquo;autres termes, si les entreprises am\u00e9ricaines ont c\u00e9d\u00e9 leurs filiales plus souvent que leurs homologues de l&rsquo;Union et du G7, \u00e0 ce jour, moins d&rsquo;une entreprise sur cinq a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 une cession.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium \">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/12553678\/embed\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La surrepr\u00e9sentation de Chypre laisse pr\u00e9sumer l\u2019existence de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s-\u00e9crans par lesquelles les entreprises russes peuvent contourner les sanctions financi\u00e8res les emp\u00eachant d\u2019obtenir des investissements \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le g\u00e9ant p\u00e9trolier Lukoil PJSC \u2014 par l&rsquo;interm\u00e9diaire de sa soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Lukoil Securities Limited \u2014 serait ainsi pass\u00e9 par des courtiers chypriotes pour racheter la totalit\u00e9 de ses euro-obligations en circulation&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-175415' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/26\/neuf-entreprises-occidentales-sur-dix-maintiennent-leurs-activites-en-russie\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-175415' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-01-23\/russian-firms-bypass-wall-street-to-service-debt-sold-before-war&quot;&gt;Russia\u2019s biggest firms bypass Wall Street to service debt sold before sanctions&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Bloomberg, &lt;\/em&gt;23 janvier 2023.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium \">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/12554581\/embed\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces 120 entreprises laissent une \u00ab&#160;empreinte commerciale&#160;\u00bb \u2014 rassemblant plusieurs indicateurs jug\u00e9s pertinents \u2014 comparable \u00e0 la part du total qu\u2019elles repr\u00e9sentent&#160;: l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique des entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Russie s\u2019est donc en grande partie maintenue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les entreprises occidentales qui ont quitt\u00e9 le march\u00e9 ne repr\u00e9sentaient que 6,5&#160;% du b\u00e9n\u00e9fice total (avant imp\u00f4ts) r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par les entreprises de l&rsquo;Union et du G7 ayant des activit\u00e9s commerciales en Russie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les d\u00e9parts confirm\u00e9s sont quant \u00e0 eux moins nombreux dans les secteurs de l&rsquo;agriculture et de l&rsquo;extraction des ressources que dans les secteurs de l&rsquo;industrie manufacturi\u00e8re et des services&#160;; or, les deux premiers secteurs ont des niveaux de rentabilit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 la moyenne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/p2D4X\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le d\u00e9part de grands groupes (Ford, Renault, Ikea, Shell\u2026) ne signifie pas pour autant la fin d\u00e9finitive de leur activit\u00e9 en Russie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Certaines entreprises occidentales ont ins\u00e9r\u00e9 des clauses de rachat dans les contrats sign\u00e9s avec les racheteurs de leurs filiales russes \u2014 comme Nissan, qui a vendu sa filiale en Russie \u00e0 l\u2019entreprise publique d\u00e9tenue par l\u2019\u00c9tat NAMI avec une clause de rachat de six ans&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-175415' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/26\/neuf-entreprises-occidentales-sur-dix-maintiennent-leurs-activites-en-russie\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-175415' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/deals\/japanese-automaker-nissan-sells-off-russian-business-state-trade-ministry-says-2022-10-11\/&quot;&gt;Nissan takes $687 mln loss as sells Russian business for 1 euro&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 11 octobre 2022.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. D\u2019apr\u00e8s le service f\u00e9d\u00e9ral anti-monopole russe, McDonald&rsquo;s dispose d\u2019un d\u00e9lai de quinze ans pour racheter ses op\u00e9rations en Russie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Toutefois, les entreprises qui ne quittent pas le march\u00e9 courent le risque de voir leurs actifs expropri\u00e9s, comme ce fut le cas pour l&rsquo;entreprise p\u00e9troli\u00e8re et gazi\u00e8re allemande Wintershall, dont les champs d\u2019exploitation et comptes bancaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 saisis la semaine derni\u00e8re&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-175415' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/26\/neuf-entreprises-occidentales-sur-dix-maintiennent-leurs-activites-en-russie\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-175415' title='Patricia Nilsson et Anastasia Stognei, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/3f98d24b-8ed5-4c26-94e3-36c75354cf89&quot;&gt;Wintershall\u2019s empty bank accounts expose plight of western companies still in Russia&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Financial Times, &lt;\/em&gt;24 janvier 2023.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Moins de 10&#160;&#160;% des 1 400 entreprises occidentales qui poss\u00e9daient des filiales en Russie avant le d\u00e9but de l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine ont quitt\u00e9 le pays, malgr\u00e9 les sanctions \u00e0 l&rsquo;encontre de Moscou. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5931,"featured_media":175441,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"geo":[550],"class_list":["post-175415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","geo-russie"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Neuf entreprises occidentales sur dix maintiennent leurs activit\u00e9s en Russie | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/26\/neuf-entreprises-occidentales-sur-dix-maintiennent-leurs-activites-en-russie\/\" \/>\n<meta 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