{"id":174519,"date":"2023-01-19T15:40:14","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T14:40:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=174519"},"modified":"2023-01-19T15:40:15","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T14:40:15","slug":"vers-une-crise-de-la-dette-dans-les-pays-en-developpement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/19\/vers-une-crise-de-la-dette-dans-les-pays-en-developpement\/","title":{"rendered":"Vers une crise de la dette dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement&#160;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>En octobre 2022, le Programme des Nations unies pour le D\u00e9veloppement identifiait 54 pays en d\u00e9veloppement qui connaissent de \u00ab&#160;graves probl\u00e8mes d\u2019endettement&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-174519' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/19\/vers-une-crise-de-la-dette-dans-les-pays-en-developpement\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-174519' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.undp.org\/publications\/dfs-avoiding-too-little-too-late-international-debt-relief&quot;&gt;Avoiding \u2018Too Little Too Late\u2019 on International Debt Relief&lt;\/a&gt;, Programme des Nations unies pour le D\u00e9veloppement, 11 octobre 2022.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ce groupe repr\u00e9sente 3&#160;% du PIB mondial mais 18&#160;% de la population de la plan\u00e8te ainsi que la moiti\u00e9 des personnes vivant en-dessous du seuil de pauvret\u00e9 extr\u00eame dans le monde.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les pays d\u2019Afrique subsaharienne sont les plus repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s (24 pays), suivis par l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine et les Cara\u00efbes (10 pays).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/PNqBJ\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Parmi ce groupe de pays figurent 28 des 50 pays consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les plus vuln\u00e9rables\u00a0 au changement climatique. Selon le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international, cette vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 a des effets n\u00e9gatifs directs sur la solvabilit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats, le co\u00fbt des emprunts ainsi que les risques de faire d\u00e9faut sur leurs dettes souveraines&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-174519' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/19\/vers-une-crise-de-la-dette-dans-les-pays-en-developpement\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-174519' title='Serhan Cevik et Jo\u00e3o Tovar Jalles, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Blogs\/Articles\/2021\/02\/17\/blog-why-climate-change-vulnerability-is-bad-for-sovereign-credit-ratings&quot;&gt;Why Climate Change Vulnerability Is Bad for Sovereign Credit Ratings&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, Fonds mon\u00e9taire international, 17 f\u00e9vrier 2021.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/BEDmM\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Depuis que la Zambie a fait d\u00e9faut sur sa dette en 2021 \u2014 r\u00e9sultant d\u2019une convergence entre les cons\u00e9quences \u00e9conomiques du Covid et une chute des prix du cuivre, son principal produit d\u2019exportation \u2014, le Liban, le Sri Lanka et le Ghana mais \u00e9galement la Russie et le Belarus n\u2019ont pas pu honorer leurs \u00e9ch\u00e9ances de paiement&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-174519' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/19\/vers-une-crise-de-la-dette-dans-les-pays-en-developpement\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-174519' title='Homi Kharas et Charlotte Rivard, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Debt-creditworthiness-and-climate-1.pdf&quot;&gt;Debt, Creditworthiness and Climate. A new Development Dilemma&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, Brookings Institution Center for Sustainable Development, Working Paper #180, d\u00e9cembre 2022.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/auQCz\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les dettes des \u00c9tats \u00e0 revenus faibles et mod\u00e9r\u00e9s sont principalement d\u00e9tenues par des acteurs priv\u00e9s ou bien par des institutions multilat\u00e9rales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium \">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/12487321\/embed\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La part des dettes d\u00e9tenues par d\u2019autres pays (principalement membres du Club de Paris ou par la Chine) ne constituaient qu\u2019environ 15&#160;% du total en 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La valeur des dettes d\u00e9tenues par la Chine a consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 au cours des 10 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, particuli\u00e8rement dans les pays africains et asiatiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Onysj\/2\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les risque de d\u00e9faut de paiement sont exacerb\u00e9s par des facteurs conjoncturels&#160;: la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19, la guerre en Ukraine et ses r\u00e9percussions sur les prix des denr\u00e9es alimentaires et de l\u2019\u00e9nergie mais \u00e9galement par la d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciations des devises par rapport au dollar am\u00e9ricain (ce qui \u00e9tait le cas pour 88 pays en novembre 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium \">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/12488885\/embed\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Surtout, les dettes d\u00e9tenues par des acteurs priv\u00e9s sont soumises \u00e0 d\u2019importants risques de sp\u00e9culation et sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement plus difficiles \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier en cas de difficult\u00e9s de paiement car sujettes \u00e0 d\u2019importantes fluctuations de prix. Afin d\u2019all\u00e9ger le poids de la dette, le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international consid\u00e8re comme \u00ab&#160;critique&#160;\u00bb que les cr\u00e9anciers priv\u00e9s mettent en oeuvre des all\u00e8gements comparables aux initiatives mises en place par le G20&#160;: <em>Service Suspension Initiative<\/em> (DSSI) puis <em>Common Framework for Debt Treatment<\/em>&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-174519' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/19\/vers-une-crise-de-la-dette-dans-les-pays-en-developpement\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-174519' title='Kristalina Georgieva et Ceyla Pazarbasioglu, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Blogs\/Articles\/2021\/12\/02\/blog120221the-g20-common-framework-for-debt-treatments-must-be-stepped-up&quot;&gt;The G20 Common Framework for Debt Treatments Must Be Stepped Up&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, Fonds mon\u00e9taire international, 2 d\u00e9cembre 2021.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La pand\u00e9mie du Covid-19 et la guerre en Ukraine ont consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 les risques de d\u00e9faut de paiement des pays \u00e0 faibles et moyens revenus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":174518,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":3,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[4942],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[2163],"class_list":["post-174519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","editorial_format-actu-breves","geo-monde"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false,"_thumbnail_id":174518,"excerpt":"La pand\u00e9mie du Covid-19 et la guerre en Ukraine ont consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 les risques de d\u00e9faut de paiement des pays \u00e0 faibles et moyens revenus.","display_date":"","new_abstract":true},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Vers une crise de la dette dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement ? | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/19\/vers-une-crise-de-la-dette-dans-les-pays-en-developpement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vers une crise de la dette dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement ? | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La pand\u00e9mie du Covid-19 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