{"id":174445,"date":"2023-01-18T17:36:37","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T16:36:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=174445"},"modified":"2023-01-18T17:38:46","modified_gmt":"2023-01-18T16:38:46","slug":"les-relations-energetiques-franco-espagnoles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/18\/les-relations-energetiques-franco-espagnoles\/","title":{"rendered":"Les relations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques franco-espagnoles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>En raison de sa pauvret\u00e9 en ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, l\u2019Espagne est un importateur net d\u2019hydrocarbures&#160;: p\u00e9trole (qui repr\u00e9sente plus de 40&#160;% de sa consommation totale d\u2019\u00e9nergie, gaz naturel (25&#160;%) et charbon (3&#160;%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sa production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 est l\u2019une des plus d\u00e9carbon\u00e9es en Europe, avec une part d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables (\u00e9olien et solaire principalement) repr\u00e9sentant plus d\u2019un tiers de la production totale en 2022.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Xzae4\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les interconnexions gazi\u00e8res et \u00e9lectriques avec le reste du continent sont pourtant tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9es. Seuls deux points de passage pour le transport du gaz naturel existent entre l\u2019Espagne et la France, \u00e0 Larrau et Irun. Le pays est \u00e9galement reli\u00e9 au Portugal et \u00e0 l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie via deux gazoducs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Comme tous les \u00c9tats-membres, l\u2019Espagne dispose d\u2019interconnexions \u00e9lectriques avec ses voisins, qui ont eu une importance particuli\u00e8re pour la France en 2022 qui, en raison de l\u2019indisponibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une partie importante de son parc nucl\u00e9aire (encore <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/12\/07\/quel-scenario-pour-le-systeme-electrique-francais-cet-hiver\/\">22 r\u00e9acteurs en maintenance sur 56<\/a> au 7 d\u00e9cembre), a perdu son statut de principal exportateur d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en Europe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium \">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/12093889\/embed\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>En janvier 2023, cette tendance s\u2019est toutefois invers\u00e9e. La France a retrouv\u00e9 son statut d\u2019exportateur net d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 vers la plupart de ses voisins, sauf l\u2019Espagne, qui continue d\u2019exporter vers la France 1459 MW par jour en moyenne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium \">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/12478474\/embed\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9nergie est ainsi un point central des relations franco-espagnoles, et la crise \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique que l\u2019Union traverse depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine par la Russie a mis en \u00e9vidence les positionnements convergents de deux pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019Espagne est l\u2019\u00c9tat-membre disposant des capacit\u00e9s d\u2019importation de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 les plus importantes dans l\u2019Union (44,1 millions de tonnes m\u00e9triques par an en 2022). Le pays importe \u00e9galement du gaz naturel alg\u00e9rien via deux gazoducs, situ\u00e9s \u00e0 Tarifa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/qGMmR\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La localisation g\u00e9ographique de l\u2019Espagne fait de la France un point de passage clef pour toute infrastructure d\u2019interconnexion avec l\u2019Europe centrale, dont le d\u00e9veloppement s\u2019inscrit dans la strat\u00e9gie de Petro S\u00e1nchez qui a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 vouloir \u00ab&#160;faire de l&rsquo;Espagne un pays exportateur d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie&#160;\u00bb, ce qui passera avant tout par la production d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne vert&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-174445' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/18\/les-relations-energetiques-franco-espagnoles\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-174445' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.lamoncloa.gob.es\/lang\/en\/presidente\/news\/Paginas\/2022\/20221201_perte-green-hydrogen.aspx&quot;&gt;The President of the Government highlights Spain&amp;rsquo;s investment attractiveness in renewables and the success of the PERTE Green Hydrogen project&lt;\/a&gt;, La Moncloa, 1er d\u00e9cembre 2022.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/ZRDqP\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019Espagne et la France partagent \u00e9galement les m\u00eames positions en termes de r\u00e9glementations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les deux pays sont favorables, d\u00e8s l\u2019automne 2021, a un d\u00e9couplage du prix de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 du prix du gaz. L\u2019Espagne et le Portugal ont obtenu une d\u00e9rogation de la Commission europ\u00e9enne sur le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 au printemps 2022.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ce sont d\u2019ailleurs Paris et Madrid qui ont pouss\u00e9 pour la mise en place d\u2019un prix-plafond du gaz naturel, adopt\u00e9 en Conseil le 19 d\u00e9cembre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les deux pays ont \u00e9galement une vision similaire de la forme que devrait prendre la r\u00e9forme du march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Malgr\u00e9 des prix bien inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 la moyenne europ\u00e9enne, Paris et Madrid sont tous deux favorables au d\u00e9veloppement des contrats de long terme (de diff\u00e9rence notamment, mais aussi de gr\u00e9 \u00e0 gr\u00e9) visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la volatilit\u00e9 sur les march\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019Espagne souhaite \u00e9galement la r\u00e9glementation contrainte du prix de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 produite par des technologies dites \u00ab&#160;non-contestables&#160;\u00bb ainsi qu\u2019un soutien accru de l\u2019Union \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de march\u00e9s de capacit\u00e9 capables de couvrir la consommation \u00e9lectrique pendant les p\u00e9riodes de pointe&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-174445' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/18\/les-relations-energetiques-franco-espagnoles\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-174445' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/table.media\/europe\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/01\/230110_Strommarktreform_Non-Paper_ES.pdf&quot;&gt;Proposal to reform the EU\u2019s wholesale power market&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Lors du sommet d\u2019Alicante, qui s\u2019est tenu en d\u00e9cembre 2022, Pedro S\u00e1nchez et Ant\u00f3nio Costa ont officialis\u00e9, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d\u2019Emmanuel Macron et d\u2019Ursula von der Leyen, le lancement du corridor H2med&#160;: un gazoduc qui devrait transporter d\u2019ici 2030 de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne vert de la p\u00e9ninsule ib\u00e9rique vers l\u2019Europe centrale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/33f9g\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BarMar \u2014 qui correspond au tron\u00e7on sous-marin du gazoduc \u2014 reliera Barcelone \u00e0 Marseille, permettant ainsi \u00e0 l\u2019Espagne, mais \u00e9galement au Portugal, de jouer un r\u00f4le majeur dans la production et l\u2019exportation d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne vert en Europe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Demain, la France et l\u2019Espagne signeront un trait\u00e9 d\u2019amiti\u00e9 \u00e0 Barcelone. En amont de cette s\u00e9quence qui entend s\u2019appuyer sur le mod\u00e8le du trait\u00e9 du Quirinal, nous proposons un point sur le r\u00f4le central qu\u2019occupe l\u2019\u00e9nergie dans la relation bilat\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":174449,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1730],"tags":[],"geo":[1917],"class_list":["post-174445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energie-et-environnement","geo-europe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les relations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques franco-espagnoles | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/18\/les-relations-energetiques-franco-espagnoles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les relations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques franco-espagnoles | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Demain, la France et l\u2019Espagne signeront un trait\u00e9 d\u2019amiti\u00e9 \u00e0 Barcelone. En amont de cette s\u00e9quence qui entend s\u2019appuyer sur le mod\u00e8le du trait\u00e9 du Quirinal, nous proposons un point sur le r\u00f4le central qu\u2019occupe l\u2019\u00e9nergie dans la relation bilat\u00e9rale.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2023\/01\/18\/les-relations-energetiques-franco-espagnoles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-18T16:36:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-18T16:38:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/01\/gc-energie-france-espagne-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1428\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" 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