{"id":170912,"date":"2022-12-09T18:57:28","date_gmt":"2022-12-09T17:57:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=170912"},"modified":"2022-12-09T18:57:29","modified_gmt":"2022-12-09T17:57:29","slug":"larabie-saoudite-entre-washington-et-pekin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/12\/09\/larabie-saoudite-entre-washington-et-pekin\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Arabie saoudite&#160;: entre Washington et P\u00e9kin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>En l\u2019espace de quatre mois, les dirigeants des deux principales puissances mondiales se sont rendus en Arabie saoudite. En cause&#160;: la guerre en Ukraine bouleverse les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ainsi que les march\u00e9s p\u00e9troliers et octroie une place centrale au Royaume saoudien. Si les deux visites ont pris place dans un intervalle rapproch\u00e9, les objectifs et contextes diff\u00e9raient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En juillet, la venue de Joe Biden \u00e0 Riyad avait co\u00fbt\u00e9 un important capital politique au pr\u00e9sident d\u00e9mocrate qui avait qualifi\u00e9 le prince Mohammed ben Salmane de \u00ab&#160;paria&#160;\u00bb, en lien avec l\u2019assassinat du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Biden, qui avait d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \u00ab&#160;l\u2019Am\u00e9rique ne laissera plus jamais ses principes de c\u00f4t\u00e9 pour acheter du p\u00e9trole ou vendre des armes&#160;\u00bb, s\u2019\u00e9tait attir\u00e9 de <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/07\/13\/biden-entame-une-visite-risquee-au-moyen-orient\/\">nombreuses critiques<\/a> en se rendant en Arabie saoudite pour demander une augmentation de la production de p\u00e9trole. Celle-ci visait, selon <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/11\/01\/jake-sullivan-la-guerre-technologique-entre-washington-et-pekin\/\">Jake Sullivan<\/a>, \u00e0 \u00ab&#160;faire baisser le prix de l\u2019essence \u00e0 la pompe pour les familles am\u00e9ricaines&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-170912' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/12\/09\/larabie-saoudite-entre-washington-et-pekin\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-170912' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/press-briefings\/2022\/07\/12\/press-briefing-by-press-secretary-karine-jean-pierre-and-national-security-advisor-jake-sullivan\/&quot;&gt;Press Briefing by Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre and National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan&lt;\/a&gt;, Maison-Blanche, 12 juillet 2022.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En juin, l\u2019OPEP+ avait finalement d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019augmenter la production de 100 000 barils par jour, correspondant \u00e0 seulement 0,1&#160;% de la demande globale. Lorsque le cartel a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9duire la production de 2 millions de barils par jour en octobre, la Maison-Blanche a d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 un <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/10\/06\/pour-washington-la-decision-de-lopep-traduit-un-alignement-implicite-sur-moscou\/\">alignement implicite<\/a> de l\u2019Arabie saoudite sur Moscou.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/xZr5O\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Entre la visite de Biden et celle de Xi, le prix du baril a chut\u00e9 de pr\u00e8s de 25&#160;%, \u00e0 son niveau le plus bas depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. Cette baisse, surprenante dans un contexte de crise des approvisionnements, peut s\u2019expliquer par l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/12\/05\/les-nouvelles-sanctions-vont-elles-affecter-la-manne-petroliere-russe\/\">prix-plafond<\/a> impos\u00e9 par les pays du G7, de l\u2019Union et l\u2019Australie sur le p\u00e9trole russe ainsi que par les r\u00e9ductions de production r\u00e9elles des pays de l\u2019OPEP+, qui s\u2019\u00e9tablissent \u00e0 environ 1 million de barils par jour \u2014 contre 2 millions annonc\u00e9s en octobre&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-170912' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/12\/09\/larabie-saoudite-entre-washington-et-pekin\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-170912' title='Derek Brower et David Sheppard, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/202d0463-184c-4b14-8eb9-6fc80f147b16&quot;&gt;Why the price of oil has dropped despite new constraints on Russian supply&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Financial Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 9 d\u00e9cembre 2022.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/euqem\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 son arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 Jeddah en juillet, Joe Biden avait eu le droit \u00e0 un accueil tr\u00e8s sobre ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 un \u00ab&#160;fist bump&#160;\u00bb de la part du prince h\u00e9ritier. Celui-ci avait attir\u00e9 l\u2019attention des m\u00e9dias en raison du manque de protocole r\u00e9serv\u00e9 au pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain \u2014 dans un contexte sanitaire sensiblement similaire \u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Joe Biden fist bumps Mohammed bin Salman during visit to Saudi Arabia\" width=\"1778\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YPg5bji4aKs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019arriv\u00e9e de Xi Jinping a quant \u00e0 elle \u00e9t\u00e9 monumentale, t\u00e9moignant du respect envers le pr\u00e9sident chinois et dans un acte de d\u00e9fiance adress\u00e9 \u00e0 Washington.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lors de son arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport, une salve de 21 coups de canon a \u00e9t\u00e9 tir\u00e9e en l&rsquo;honneur du pr\u00e9sident chinois.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le communiqu\u00e9 du minist\u00e8re chinois des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res \u00e9voque \u00ab&#160;les faucons saoudiens ayant peint le ciel en rouge et jaune, couleurs du drapeau national chinois. Des gardes d&rsquo;honneur ont encadr\u00e9 le tapis violet&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-170912' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/12\/09\/larabie-saoudite-entre-washington-et-pekin\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-170912' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.fmprc.gov.cn\/eng\/zxxx_662805\/202212\/t20221208_10986939.html&quot;&gt;President Xi Jinping Arrives in Riyadh to Attend the First China-Arab States Summit and the China-GCC Summit and Pay a State Visit to Saudi Arabia&lt;\/a&gt;, Minist\u00e8re chinois des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, 7 d\u00e9cembre 2022.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La voiture transportant Xi a \u00e9t\u00e9 escort\u00e9e par des gardes royaux saoudiens portant des drapeaux chinois. \u00c0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e au palais, le pr\u00e9sident chinois a \u00e9t\u00e9 accueilli par Mohammed ben Salmane \u2014 ainsi qu\u2019une poign\u00e9e de main.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Xi Meets King Salman of Saudi Arabia\" width=\"1778\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rwrGO3luxIc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Plusieurs accords ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9s au cours de cette visite&#160;: un partenariat strat\u00e9gique qui pr\u00e9voit que les dirigeants des deux pays se rencontrent tous les deux ans ainsi que 34 accords d\u2019investissement au total dans des secteurs-clefs (technologie, \u00e9nergie). Parmi ceux-ci, un protocole d&rsquo;accord entre Huawei et le ministre saoudien de la Communication visant \u00e0 mettre en place un r\u00e9seau Internet mobile en Arabie saoudite ainsi que la construction de 300 000 logements&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-170912' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/12\/09\/larabie-saoudite-entre-washington-et-pekin\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-170912' title='Samer Al-Atrush et Edward White, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/a3ad8e0c-d8e5-4fb3-b3af-39320ecf6b0d?sharetype=blocked&quot;&gt;Xi Jinping hails \u2018new era\u2019 in China-Saudi Arabia relations&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Financial Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 8 d\u00e9cembre 2022.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/07yCB\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tous ces accords ne sont qu\u2019une des facettes du renforcement des relations entre l\u2019Arabie saoudite et la Chine act\u00e9 par cette visite, dont le point d\u2019orgue est l\u2019achat du p\u00e9trole et du gaz saoudien en yuan plut\u00f4t qu\u2019en dollar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Si Xi Jinping n\u2019a pour le moment qu\u2019\u00ab&#160;appel\u00e9&#160;\u00bb \u00e0 ce que l\u2019achat de p\u00e9trole se fasse en yuan, il appara\u00eet qu\u2019une telle d\u00e9claration publique a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019un accord en amont.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bien que l\u2019Arabie saoudite avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 menac\u00e9 les \u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019arr\u00eater ses \u00e9changes en dollar en r\u00e9action \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ventuelle introduction d\u2019une l\u00e9gislation <em>antitrust<\/em>, cette d\u00e9claration ent\u00e9rine une distanciation avec Washington \u2014 aussi bien qu\u2019un rapprochement avec P\u00e9kin&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-170912' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/12\/09\/larabie-saoudite-entre-washington-et-pekin\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-170912' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/news.tvb.com\/tc\/greaterchina\/639326c8b8b7ebb488f6bbee\/%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8-%E7%BF%92%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3%E6%8F%90%E5%87%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B0%87%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E5%BE%9E%E6%B5%B7%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%8F%E9%80%B2%E5%8F%A3%E5%8E%9F%E6%B2%B9%E9%96%8B%E5%B1%95%E6%B2%B9%E6%B0%A3%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%B9%A3%E7%B5%90%E7%AE%97&quot;&gt;\u7fd2\u8fd1\u5e73\u7a31\u5c07\u7e8c\u5f9e\u6d77\u5408\u6703\u570b\u5bb6\u5927\u91cf\u9032\u53e3\u539f\u6cb9 \u958b\u5c55\u6cb9\u6c23\u8cbf\u6613\u4eba\u6c11\u5e63\u7d50\u7b97&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;TVB&lt;\/em&gt;, 9 d\u00e9cembre 2022.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Xi Jinping est arriv\u00e9 mercredi en Arabie saoudite pour une visite d\u2019\u00c9tat au cours de laquelle il a assist\u00e9 au sommet Chine-\u00c9tats arabes ainsi qu\u2019au sommet du Conseil de coop\u00e9ration du Golfe. L\u2019accueil r\u00e9serv\u00e9 au pr\u00e9sident chinois ainsi que l\u2019ampleur des partenariats annonc\u00e9s affichent un saisissant contraste avec la visite de Joe Biden en juillet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":170916,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1731],"tags":[],"geo":[530],"class_list":["post-170912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politique","geo-asie-intermediaire"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019Arabie saoudite : entre Washington et P\u00e9kin | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/12\/09\/larabie-saoudite-entre-washington-et-pekin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019Arabie saoudite : entre Washington et P\u00e9kin | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xi Jinping est arriv\u00e9 mercredi en Arabie saoudite pour une visite d\u2019\u00c9tat au cours de laquelle il a assist\u00e9 au sommet Chine-\u00c9tats arabes ainsi qu\u2019au sommet du Conseil de coop\u00e9ration du Golfe. L\u2019accueil r\u00e9serv\u00e9 au pr\u00e9sident chinois ainsi que l\u2019ampleur des partenariats annonc\u00e9s affichent un saisissant contraste avec la visite de Joe Biden en juillet.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/12\/09\/larabie-saoudite-entre-washington-et-pekin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-09T17:57:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-12-09T17:57:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/12\/gc-xi-arabie-saoudite-scaled-e1670606070195.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1954\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1126\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" \/>\n<meta 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