{"id":162331,"date":"2022-10-03T13:21:52","date_gmt":"2022-10-03T11:21:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lgctesting.piramid.studio\/fr\/2022\/10\/03\/larguer-des-particules-daerosol-au-dessus-des-poles-pourrait-attenuer-la-fonte-des-glaces-4\/"},"modified":"2022-10-11T11:35:55","modified_gmt":"2022-10-11T09:35:55","slug":"larguer-des-particules-daerosol-au-dessus-des-poles-pourrait-attenuer-la-fonte-des-glaces-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/10\/03\/larguer-des-particules-daerosol-au-dessus-des-poles-pourrait-attenuer-la-fonte-des-glaces-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Larguer des particules d\u2019a\u00e9rosol au-dessus des p\u00f4les pourrait att\u00e9nuer la fonte des glaces"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019injection d\u2019a\u00e9rosols dans la stratosph\u00e8re pour att\u00e9nuer les effets climatiques est une strat\u00e9gie qui a fait l\u2019objet de plusieurs travaux depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000. Celle-ci fait partie de la g\u00e9o-ing\u00e9nierie, qui regroupe des techniques consistant \u00e0 manipuler \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle l\u2019environnement afin de r\u00e9duire les effets du changement climatique&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-162331' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/10\/03\/larguer-des-particules-daerosol-au-dessus-des-poles-pourrait-attenuer-la-fonte-des-glaces-4\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-162331' title='Keith, D. W. (2000), \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1146\/annurev.energy.25.1.245&quot;&gt;Geoengineering the climate&amp;#160;: History and prospect&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Annual review of energy and the environment&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;25&lt;\/em&gt;(1), 245-284.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/jG5Ok\/5\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les a\u00e9rosols dont il est question sont des particules fines, de forme solide ou liquide, qui sont en suspension dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Celles-ci proviennent des activit\u00e9s humaines (surtout via la combustion d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles ou de v\u00e9g\u00e9taux) ou bien de ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes naturels, comme les \u00e9ruptions volcaniques ou la poussi\u00e8re des d\u00e9serts transport\u00e9e par les vents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9ruption du stratovolcan Pinatubo le 15 juin 1991, au nord-est des Philippines, une baisse de la temp\u00e9rature globale d\u2019environ 0,6 \u00b0C durant presque deux ans a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e. L\u2019explosion avait rel\u00e2ch\u00e9 dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re et la stratosph\u00e8re une telle quantit\u00e9 de particules de cendres et de gaz que celles-ci avaient absorb\u00e9 en partie la lumi\u00e8re solaire&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-162331' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/10\/03\/larguer-des-particules-daerosol-au-dessus-des-poles-pourrait-attenuer-la-fonte-des-glaces-4\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-162331' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/images\/1510\/global-effects-of-mount-pinatubo&quot;&gt;Global Effects of Mount Pinatubo&lt;\/a&gt;, NASA Earth Observatory.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/3wB0V\/2\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Selon une nouvelle \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans <em>Environmental Research Communications <\/em>le 15 septembre dernier, reproduire artificiellement un sc\u00e9nario similaire \u2014 \u00e0 intervalle de temps r\u00e9gulier et dans des zones pr\u00e9cises \u2014 pourrait contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la temp\u00e9ratures des p\u00f4les, et ainsi ralentir la mont\u00e9e des niveaux de l\u2019eau&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-162331' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/10\/03\/larguer-des-particules-daerosol-au-dessus-des-poles-pourrait-attenuer-la-fonte-des-glaces-4\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-162331' title='Smith, W., Bhattarai, U., MacMartin, D. G., Lee, W. R., Visioni, D., Kravitz, B., &amp;amp; Rice, C. V. (2022), \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2515-7620\/ac8cd3&quot;&gt;A subpolar-focused stratospheric aerosol injection deployment scenario&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Environmental Research Communications&lt;\/em&gt;, 4(9), 095009.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/cIz3l\/2\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La temp\u00e9rature des p\u00f4les nord et sud constitue un enjeu crucial pour le reste de la plan\u00e8te car leur r\u00e9chauffement est bien souvent \u00e0 l\u2019origine de <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/24\/la-chine-connait-la-pire-vague-de-chaleur-de-lhistoire-mondiale\/\">vagues de chaleur, comme ce f\u00fbt le cas cet \u00e9t\u00e9<\/a> partout dans le monde. L\u2019effondrement de la calotte glaciaire constitue \u00e9galement <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/09\/14\/selon-une-etude-un-rechauffement-au-dela-d15c-declencherait-des-points-de-basculement-climatique-desastreux\/\">un point de basculement climatique susceptible d\u2019augmenter significativement la temp\u00e9rature globale<\/a> s\u2019il \u00e9tait atteint&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-162331' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/10\/03\/larguer-des-particules-daerosol-au-dessus-des-poles-pourrait-attenuer-la-fonte-des-glaces-4\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-162331' title='Armstrong McKay, David I., Staal, Arie, Abrams, Jesse F., et al., \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.abn7950&quot;&gt;Exceeding 1.5\u00b0 C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Science&lt;\/em&gt;, 2022, vol. 377, no 6611.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/nXrWt\/2\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pour pr\u00e9venir cette situation, l\u2019\u00e9quipe de scientifiques \u00e0 l\u2019origine de l\u2019\u00e9tude propose d\u2019injecter une importante quantit\u00e9 d\u2019a\u00e9rosols au niveau des p\u00f4les nord et sud, \u00e0 partir d\u2019une altitude de plus de 13 km \u2014 soit dans la stratosph\u00e8re, au-dessus du niveau des vols commerciaux. Cette op\u00e9ration serait faite annuellement sur une base saisonni\u00e8re, utilisant la m\u00eame flotte de 125 avions-citernes pour les deux p\u00f4les.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/wQBnR\/1\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Si cette solution ne traite que les cons\u00e9quences et non les causes du changement climatique, son faible co\u00fbt de 11 milliards de dollars par an rend l\u2019\u00e9quation b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \/ risques particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressante. Une \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans la revue <em>Energy &amp; Environmental Science <\/em>en juin dernier estimait quant \u00e0 elle le co\u00fbt de <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/05\/la-transition-energetique-pourrait-etre-a-portee-de-main\/#:~:text=La%20transition%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique%20pourrait%20se%20passer%20de%20nouvelles%20technologies,-Br%C3%A8ves%20%C3%89nergie%20et&amp;text=Une%20r%C3%A9cente%20%C3%A9tude%20conduite%20par,utilisant%20des%20technologies%20d%C3%A9j%C3%A0%20existantes.\">la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique pour atteindre le net-z\u00e9ro sans d\u00e9veloppement de nouvelles technologies<\/a> \u00e0 62 000 milliards de dollars&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-162331' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/10\/03\/larguer-des-particules-daerosol-au-dessus-des-poles-pourrait-attenuer-la-fonte-des-glaces-4\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-162331' title='Mark Z. Jacobson, Anna-Katharina von Krauland, Stephen J. Coughlin, Emily Dukas, Alexander J. H. Nelson, Frances C. Palmer et Kylie R. Rasmussen, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/web.stanford.edu\/group\/efmh\/jacobson\/Articles\/I\/145Country\/22-145Countries.pdf&quot;&gt;Low-cost solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy insecurity for 145 countries&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Energy &amp;amp; Environmental Science&lt;\/em&gt;, 28 juin 2022.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selon un article publi\u00e9 dans la revue <em>Environmental Research Communications<\/em> par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs am\u00e9ricains, les p\u00f4les pourraient se r\u00e9chauffer moins vite en injectant des a\u00e9rosols dans la stratosph\u00e8re. Avec une flotte de 125 avions-citernes, la temp\u00e9rature aux p\u00f4les nord et sud pourrait \u00eatre r\u00e9duite de 2\u00b0 C pour un co\u00fbt estim\u00e9 \u00e0 11 milliards de dollars par an.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":161990,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2040],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[2163],"class_list":["post-162331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","geo-monde"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Larguer des particules d\u2019a\u00e9rosol au-dessus des p\u00f4les pourrait att\u00e9nuer la fonte des glaces | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/10\/03\/larguer-des-particules-daerosol-au-dessus-des-poles-pourrait-attenuer-la-fonte-des-glaces-4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Larguer des particules d\u2019a\u00e9rosol au-dessus des p\u00f4les pourrait att\u00e9nuer la fonte des glaces | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Selon un article publi\u00e9 dans la revue Environmental Research Communications par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs am\u00e9ricains, les p\u00f4les pourraient se r\u00e9chauffer moins vite en injectant des a\u00e9rosols dans la stratosph\u00e8re. Avec une flotte de 125 avions-citernes, la temp\u00e9rature aux p\u00f4les nord et sud pourrait \u00eatre r\u00e9duite de 2\u00b0 C pour un co\u00fbt estim\u00e9 \u00e0 11 milliards de dollars par an.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/10\/03\/larguer-des-particules-daerosol-au-dessus-des-poles-pourrait-attenuer-la-fonte-des-glaces-4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-10-03T11:21:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-10-11T09:35:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" 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