{"id":154330,"date":"2022-08-16T15:51:27","date_gmt":"2022-08-16T13:51:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=154330"},"modified":"2022-08-16T18:37:33","modified_gmt":"2022-08-16T16:37:33","slug":"leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;\u00e9conomie afghane un an apr\u00e8s la prise du pouvoir par les Talibans"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Lors de <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/08\/18\/la-communaute-internationale-face-a-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/\">la prise du pouvoir par les Talibans<\/a> en ao\u00fbt 2021, l\u2019aide civile et s\u00e9curitaire, principalement apport\u00e9e par les \u00c9tats-Unis \u2014 qui repr\u00e9sentait alors 40&#160;% du PIB du pays \u2014, a \u00e9t\u00e9 brutalement coup\u00e9e, plongeant l\u2019Afghanistan dans une crise \u00e9conomique sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, exacerb\u00e9e par les sanctions internationales. Apr\u00e8s le retrait des troupes am\u00e9ricaines du pays, l\u2019\u00e9quivalent de 9 milliards de dollars d\u2019actifs de la banque centrale afghane ont \u00e9t\u00e9 gel\u00e9s.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Avant m\u00eame la prise de Kaboul, l\u2019\u00e9conomie du pays \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 s\u00e9v\u00e8rement touch\u00e9e par des s\u00e9cheresses intenses qui paralysaient les rendements agricoles ainsi que par les cons\u00e9quences de la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 sur les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement mondiales. Toutefois, le pays b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiait encore d\u2019aides financi\u00e8res internationales \u2014 au d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021, 75&#160;% des d\u00e9penses publiques afghanes \u00e9taient assur\u00e9es par les \u00c9tats-Unis&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-154330' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-154330' title='Felix Salmon, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2022\/08\/15\/afghanistans-economic-calamity&quot;&gt;Afghanistan&amp;rsquo;s economic calamity&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Axios&lt;\/em&gt;, 15 ao\u00fbt 2022.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/08\/23\/comment-les-talibans-ont-gagne-en-afghanistan\/\">Selon Patrick Azurmendi<\/a>, ces aides financi\u00e8res contribuaient en grande partie \u00e0 enrichir les \u00e9lites dirigeantes, conduisant \u00e0 \u00ab&#160;une culture de corruption g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e dont le pays ne s\u2019est jamais extirp\u00e9&#160;\u00bb.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cependant, depuis la prise du pouvoir par les Talibans, la situation \u00e9conomique et humanitaire du pays a largement empir\u00e9, avec un taux de pauvret\u00e9 s\u2019\u00e9levant \u00e0 70&#160;% ainsi qu\u2019un revenu par habitant de 375 $ par an, soit le niveau le plus faible depuis dix ans. Si le taux d\u2019inflation est difficile \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer faute de donn\u00e9es fiables, le prix des produits m\u00e9nagers de base a consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 depuis juillet 2021 \u2014 l&rsquo;indice du prix du bl\u00e9 ayant presque d\u00e9cupl\u00e9 en \u00e0 peine un an.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/OjUAX\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ces importantes mont\u00e9es des prix, <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/05\/20\/guerre-et-securite-alimentaire-mondiale\/\">caus\u00e9es en majeure partie par la guerre en Ukraine<\/a>, contribuent \u00e0 aggraver la grave crise humanitaire point\u00e9e du doigt par le Haut Commissariat des Nations unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui estime que six millions de personnes sont au bord de la famine, tandis qu\u2019un million d&rsquo;enfants souffrent de malnutrition grave&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-154330' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-154330' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/news\/stories\/2022\/8\/62fa24ac4\/five-things-know-afghanistan.html&quot;&gt;Five things you should know about Afghanistan&lt;\/a&gt;, UNHCR, 15 ao\u00fbt 2022.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Entre avril et mai 2020, 10,9 millions de personnes \u00e9taient en situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire aigu\u00eb selon l\u2019Integrated Food Security Phase Classification. L\u2019organisation projette qu\u2019ils seront 18,9 millions entre juin et novembre 2022&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-154330' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-154330' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ipcinfo.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/ipcinfo\/docs\/IPC_Afghanistan_AcuteFoodInsec_2022MarNov_snapshot.pdf&quot;&gt;AFGHANISTAN&amp;#160;: Integrated Food Security Phase Classification Snapshot | March &amp;#8211; November 2022&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>D\u2019une mani\u00e8re contre-intuitive, la monnaie afghane, l\u2019afghani, a quant \u00e0 elle connu de bonnes performances face aux principales devises internationales&#160;: entre mai et juillet, l\u2019afghani s\u2019est appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 de 1,3&#160;% face au dollar, de 2,8&#160;% face \u00e0 l\u2019euro et de 5&#160;% face au yuan&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-154330' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-154330' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/thedocs.worldbank.org\/en\/doc\/ba0c782d2cb3a62f1f41356e978eb2cf-0310062022\/afghanistan-economic-monitor-19-july-2022&quot;&gt;Afghanistan Economic Monitor&lt;\/a&gt;, Banque mondiale, 19 juillet 2022.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Ces chiffres ne doivent toutefois pas occulter le fait que la monnaie papier, destin\u00e9e \u00e0 une utilisation quotidienne, est devenue une denr\u00e9e rare. L\u2019afghani \u00e9tant imprim\u00e9 \u00e0 Basingstoke, en Angleterre, aucun nouveau billet n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9 en Afghanistan depuis ao\u00fbt 2021.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/hsBEu\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>La guerre en Ukraine constitue toutefois une opportunit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique pour l\u2019Afghanistan. En d\u00e9pit d\u2019une baisse significative des budgets de l\u2019\u00c9tat par rapport \u00e0 2020, les exportations de charbon ont consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e en raison de l\u2019augmentation globale du prix des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res. Cette opportunit\u00e9 pour le r\u00e9gime taliban se traduit toutefois par une augmentation du travail des enfants depuis ao\u00fbt 2021, encourag\u00e9 par la pression \u00e9conomique qui p\u00e8se sur la population afghane&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-154330' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-154330' title='Benjamin Parkin et Fazelminallah Qazizai, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/772460fc-5c7b-46ac-ae95-4d59daf3fc87&quot;&gt;The Taliban\u2019s black gold&amp;#160;: militants seize on coal to reboot economy&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;The Financial Times&lt;\/em&gt;, 4 ao\u00fbt 2022.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hier, cela faisait un an jour pour jour que Kaboul tombait aux mains des Talibans, mettant fin \u00e0 la r\u00e9publique islamique d&rsquo;Afghanistan. Depuis, la situation \u00e9conomique du pays a gravement empir\u00e9, laissant craindre le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019une crise humanitaire massive qui commence d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 s\u2019installer progressivement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2622,"featured_media":154331,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"geo":[530],"class_list":["post-154330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","geo-asie-intermediaire"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L&#039;\u00e9conomie afghane un an apr\u00e8s la prise du pouvoir par les Talibans | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L&#039;\u00e9conomie afghane un an apr\u00e8s la prise du pouvoir par les Talibans | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hier, cela faisait un an jour pour jour que Kaboul tombait aux mains des Talibans, mettant fin \u00e0 la r\u00e9publique islamique d&#039;Afghanistan. Depuis, la situation \u00e9conomique du pays a gravement empir\u00e9, laissant craindre le sc\u00e9nario d\u2019une crise humanitaire massive qui commence d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 s\u2019installer progressivement.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-16T13:51:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-08-16T16:37:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/economie-afghane-GC.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1916\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1103\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/economie-afghane-GC.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marin Saillofest\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/\",\"name\":\"L'\u00e9conomie afghane un an apr\u00e8s la prise du pouvoir par les Talibans | Le Grand Continent\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/SIPA_01082711_000003-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-16T13:51:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-08-16T16:37:33+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e4f85f52220fc7b4cc3cfdb86d88e833\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/08\/16\/leconomie-afghane-un-an-apres-la-prise-du-pouvoir-par-les-talibans\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/SIPA_01082711_000003-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/SIPA_01082711_000003-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1707,\"caption\":\"(220801) -- KABUL, Aug. 1, 2022 (Xinhua) -- Photo taken on Aug. 1, 2022 shows a money exchange market in Kabul, Afghanistan. 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