{"id":142859,"date":"2022-06-01T13:49:20","date_gmt":"2022-06-01T11:49:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=142859"},"modified":"2022-06-01T18:29:36","modified_gmt":"2022-06-01T16:29:36","slug":"referendum-historique-au-danemark-sur-la-politique-de-defense-et-de-securite-europeenne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/06\/01\/referendum-historique-au-danemark-sur-la-politique-de-defense-et-de-securite-europeenne\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9f\u00e9rendum historique au Danemark sur la politique de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Apr\u00e8s que les Danois ont refus\u00e9 de ratifier <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/\">le trait\u00e9 de Maastricht par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum en 1992<\/a>, le Danemark avait obtenu plusieurs \u00ab&#160;options de retrait&#160;\u00bb, dont celle sur la politique de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9fense europ\u00e9enne (PESC) pour permettre la ratification du trait\u00e9 en 1993. Cette option avait \u00e9t\u00e9 maintenue avec la cr\u00e9ation de la Politique de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de D\u00e9fense Commune (PSDC) lors des n\u00e9gociations sur le trait\u00e9 de Lisbonne en 2007. Le Danemark a d\u2019autres options de retrait notamment sur l\u2019adoption de l\u2019euro, la citoyennet\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne et la coop\u00e9ration polici\u00e8re et judiciaire en mati\u00e8re p\u00e9nale.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-large  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/cJWjo\/4\/ \" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u00e9anmoins, apr\u00e8s l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine par la Russie, la position danoise a rapidement \u00e9volu\u00e9 sur la question de la politique de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 commune. La Premi\u00e8re ministre, Mette Frederiksen, a appel\u00e9 \u00e0 un sursaut europ\u00e9en en annon\u00e7ant vouloir consacrer jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2&#160;% du PIB \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense d\u2019ici 2023, tandis que le Danemark n\u2019y consacrait que 1,4&#160;% avant la guerre en Ukraine.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>De m\u00eame, alors que, quelque temps auparavant, Frederiksen affirmait que l\u2019OTAN \u00e9tait la seule organisation de d\u00e9fense n\u00e9cessaire au Danemark, elle appelle d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 voter \u00ab&#160;oui&#160;\u00bb au r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum pour abolir l\u2019option de retrait danoise sur la PSDC. N\u00e9anmoins, le pays reste attach\u00e9 au partenariat avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, la Premi\u00e8re ministre a annonc\u00e9 en f\u00e9vrier 2022 que le Danemark autoriserait le stationnement de soldats am\u00e9ricains sur son sol, une premi\u00e8re pour le pays&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-142859' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/06\/01\/referendum-historique-au-danemark-sur-la-politique-de-defense-et-de-securite-europeenne\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-142859' title='Jacob Gronholt-Pedersen et Stine Jacobsen, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/denmark-us-begin-talks-new-defence-agreement-2022-02-10\/&quot;&gt;Denmark talks on hosting U.S. troops not triggered by Ukraine crisis-PM&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 22 f\u00e9vrier 2022.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Le 6 mars, cinq grands partis politiques de gauche comme de droite \u2014 Social-d\u00e9mocratie, Venstre, Parti populaire socialiste, Parti social-lib\u00e9ral et le Parti populaire conservateur \u2014 se sont associ\u00e9s au parti social-d\u00e9mocrate pour approuver les hausses de d\u00e9penses militaires, et ont appel\u00e9 les citoyens danois \u00e0 renoncer \u00e0 l\u2019option de retrait lors du r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-142859' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/06\/01\/referendum-historique-au-danemark-sur-la-politique-de-defense-et-de-securite-europeenne\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-142859' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.regeringen.dk\/media\/11124\/nationalt-kompromis-om-dansk-sikkerhedspolitik.pdf&quot;&gt;Nationalt kompromis om dansk sikkerhedspolitik&lt;\/a&gt;, 6 mars 2022.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Dans l\u2019accord commun, il est aussi question de rendre le pays ind\u00e9pendant du gaz russe, alors que Gazprom a annonc\u00e9 hier suspendre ses livraisons de gaz \u00e0 certaines entreprises danoises ayant refus\u00e9 de se soumettre au paiement en roubles&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-142859' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/06\/01\/referendum-historique-au-danemark-sur-la-politique-de-defense-et-de-securite-europeenne\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-142859' title='Edmunud Blair, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/gazprom-cut-gas-supplies-denmarks-orsted-germany-under-shell-deal-2022-05-31\/&quot;&gt;Gazprom to cut gas supplies to Denmark&amp;rsquo;s Orsted, Germany via Shell deal&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 31 mai 2022.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Seuls les partis aux extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s droite et gauche de l\u2019\u00e9chiquier politique, \u00e0 savoir Le Parti populaire danois (droite radicale), La Nouvelle Droite (droite radicale) et la Liste de l&rsquo;unit\u00e9 (gauche radicale), ont appel\u00e9 \u00e0 voter pour le maintien de l&rsquo;option de retrait&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-142859' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/06\/01\/referendum-historique-au-danemark-sur-la-politique-de-defense-et-de-securite-europeenne\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-142859' title='\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/nyheder.tv2.dk\/politik\/2022-03-06-vermund-og-messerschmidt-afviser-eu-forsvar-uklart-og-hablost&quot;&gt;Vermund og Messerschmidt afviser EU-forsvar&amp;#160;: Uklart og h\u00e5bl\u00f8st&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;TV 2&lt;\/em&gt;, 6 mars 2022'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Le 7 avril, ils ont obtenu que la question pos\u00e9e mentionne bien l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne et l\u2019option de retrait, deux termes qui \u00e9taient absents initialement&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-142859' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/06\/01\/referendum-historique-au-danemark-sur-la-politique-de-defense-et-de-securite-europeenne\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-142859' title='&amp;nbsp;Anne Klejsgaard Friis, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/nyheder.tv2.dk\/politik\/2022-04-07-ordlyden-paa-stemmesedlen-om-forsvarsforbeholdet-aendres&quot;&gt;Ordlyden p\u00e5 stemmesedlen om forsvarsforbeholdet \u00e6ndres&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;TV 2&lt;\/em&gt; 7 avril 2022.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Les sondages laissent pr\u00e9sager une majorit\u00e9 de \u00ab&#160;oui&#160;\u00bb, mais l\u2019abstention pourrait faire basculer le scrutin d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 comme de l\u2019autre. Il faut un minimum de 30&#160;% de participation pour que le r\u00e9sultat du r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum soit valid\u00e9. Par deux fois, les Danois avaient refus\u00e9, par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum, d\u2019abolir leurs options de retrait. En 2000 sur la question de l\u2019euro et en 2015 sur la coop\u00e9ration polici\u00e8re et judiciaire, le \u00ab&#160;non&#160;\u00bb l\u2019avait emport\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque fois avec 53&#160;% des voix.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/n31Ll\/1\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Au-del\u00e0 du cas du Danemark, la guerre en Ukraine a boulevers\u00e9 la vision g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats scandinaves. La Finlande et la Su\u00e8de, qui affichaient jusqu&rsquo;alors une politique de neutralit\u00e9, sont d\u00e9sormais officiellement candidats \u00e0 l\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l\u2019OTAN depuis le 16 mai 2022. Cependant, la Turquie oppose toujours son veto, mettant en avant leur soutien \u00e0 des organisations kurdes consid\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00ab&#160;terroristes&#160;\u00bb par Ankara, et le soutien \u00e0 un embargo sur la livraison d\u2019armes \u00e0 la Turquie en 2019-2020. &nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-142859' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/06\/01\/referendum-historique-au-danemark-sur-la-politique-de-defense-et-de-securite-europeenne\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-142859' title='Tuvan Gumrukcu et Anne Kauranen, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/finland-doesnt-take-turkish-woes-seriously-erdogans-spox-tells-paper-2022-05-31\/&quot;&gt;Turkey says Nordics must change laws if needed to meet its NATO demands&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 31 mai 2022'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, les Danois se rendent aux urnes pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la question&#160;&#160;: \u00ab&#160;&#160;\u00cates vous pour ou contre la participation du Danemark \u00e0 la coop\u00e9ration de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9fense europ\u00e9enne en abolissant l&rsquo;option de retrait sur la d\u00e9fense de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne&#160;&#160;?&#160;&#160;\u00bb. Ce vote historique a lieu 30 ans jour pour jour apr\u00e8s le rejet initial par les Danois du trait\u00e9 de Maastricht en 1992.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1971,"featured_media":142860,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1731],"tags":[],"geo":[1917],"class_list":["post-142859","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politique","geo-europe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>R\u00e9f\u00e9rendum historique au Danemark sur la politique de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/06\/01\/referendum-historique-au-danemark-sur-la-politique-de-defense-et-de-securite-europeenne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00e9f\u00e9rendum historique au Danemark sur la politique de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aujourd\u2019hui, les Danois se rendent aux urnes pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la question&#160;: \u00ab&#160;\u00cates vous pour ou contre la participation du Danemark \u00e0 la coop\u00e9ration de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9fense europ\u00e9enne en abolissant l&#039;option de retrait sur la d\u00e9fense de l&#039;Union europ\u00e9enne&#160;?&#160;\u00bb. 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