{"id":14152,"date":"2018-07-22T22:00:37","date_gmt":"2018-07-22T20:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lldl.eu\/?p=6026"},"modified":"2019-05-18T17:16:51","modified_gmt":"2019-05-18T15:16:51","slug":"erdogan-controlera-egalement-letat-major-militaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2018\/07\/22\/erdogan-controlera-egalement-letat-major-militaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Erdo\u011fan contr\u00f4lera \u00e9galement l&rsquo;\u00e9tat-major militaire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Ankara<\/em>. \u00a0C\u2019est un d\u00e9cret du nouveau gouvernement turc de Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan qui l\u2019a \u00e9tabli&#160;: le pr\u00e9sident, victorieux aux derni\u00e8res \u00e9lections, contr\u00f4lera d\u00e9sormais l&rsquo;\u00e9tat-major de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e. Erdo\u011fan a \u00e9galement nomm\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment le nouveau chef des forces arm\u00e9es turques, Hulusi Akar, ancien chef d&rsquo;\u00e9tat-major d&rsquo;Ankara, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 captur\u00e9 par des soldats lors du coup d&rsquo;\u00c9tat dans la nuit du 15 juillet 2016. Le d\u00e9cret a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 le Conseil militaire supr\u00eame (Yas) et le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale (Mgk), qui sont charg\u00e9s d&rsquo;identifier les mesures \u00e0 prendre dans la lutte contre le terrorisme. Erdo\u011fan conserve pour lui-m\u00eame le pouvoir de convoquer ces deux instances (<strong>2<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le d\u00e9cret intervient apr\u00e8s le retour du pr\u00e9sident du sommet de l&rsquo;Otan \u00e0 Bruxelles, o\u00f9 Erdo\u011fan s\u2019est rendu avec son nouveau ministre de la D\u00e9fense et ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Mevl\u00fct \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;arm\u00e9e turque, qui a subi d&rsquo;importantes transformations durant la guerre froide, est devenue au fil du temps de plus en plus politis\u00e9e. Elle a renvers\u00e9 des gouvernements \u00e9lus par trois fois, en 1960, 1971 et 1980. Lors du coup d&rsquo;\u00c9tat de 1960, l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e s&rsquo;est s\u00e9par\u00e9e du minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense et a assum\u00e9 une sorte d&rsquo;autonomie par rapport au gouvernement. Et le coup d&rsquo;\u00c9tat de 1980 a encore affaibli le contr\u00f4le civil et renforc\u00e9 l&rsquo;ing\u00e9rence militaire (<strong>3<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La situation a chang\u00e9 avec l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir de l&rsquo;Ak Parti en 2002 dans le contexte islamique et conservateur et avec les cas d&rsquo;Ergenekon, de Balyoz et de l\u2019espionnage militaire anti-<em>establishment<\/em>, par lesquels a vraisemblablement \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e la purge des k\u00e9malistes, des la\u00efcs et des conspirateurs des secteurs militaire, judiciaire et acad\u00e9mique ont \u00e9t\u00e9 purg\u00e9s (<strong>1<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Perspectives <\/strong>&#160;:\n\n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Le pr\u00e9sident Erdo\u011fan &#8211; qui a r\u00e9form\u00e9 l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e apr\u00e8s Orhan I, Mahmud II e Atat\u00fcrk &#8211; r\u00e9ussira-t-il \u00e0 emp\u00eacher les militaires d&rsquo;\u00eatre politis\u00e9s&#160;? Sa d\u00e9cision de placer l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e sous contr\u00f4le civil est certainement une \u00e9tape importante. Cette d\u00e9marche co\u00efncide en fait avec le feu vert donn\u00e9 par \u00a0Erdo\u011fan aux demandes de service militaire priv\u00e9 de la Turquie. L&rsquo;objectif est peut-\u00eatre d&rsquo;avoir une arm\u00e9e plus professionnelle, mais il est probablement trop t\u00f4t pour le dire.<\/li><li>Erdo\u011fan a pris cette initiative pour r\u00e9pondre aux crit\u00e8res de l&rsquo;Ue. Cela pourrait \u00eatre li\u00e9 \u00e0 des mesures visant \u00e0 r\u00e9habiliter des relations politiques quasi gel\u00e9es, d\u2019autant plus que cette d\u00e9cision a \u00e9t\u00e9 prise parall\u00e8lement aux annonces de lev\u00e9e de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat d&rsquo;urgence.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sources <\/strong>&#160;: <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CIA, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/tu.html\">The World Factbook &#8211; Turkey<\/a>, 12 juillet  2018.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-04\/sipri_fs_1805_milex_2017.pdf\">Trends in world military expenditure 2017<\/a>\n\n, Sipri, mai 2018.<\/li><li>YETKIN Murat, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/erdogan-reforms-turkish-military-radically-134595\">Erdo\u011fan reforms Turkish military radically<\/a>, Hurriyet, 16 juillet 2018.<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Turquie d\u2019Erdo\u011fan s\u2019approche du deuxi\u00e8me anniversaire du coup d&rsquo;\u00c9tat manqu\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite duquel les \u00ab&#160;purges&#160;\u00bb du pr\u00e9sident ont touch\u00e9 divers domaines de la vie du pays. A la suite d\u2019un nouveau d\u00e9cret, Erdo\u011fan contr\u00f4lera \u00e9galement l&rsquo;\u00e9tat-major de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e. Plusieurs changements sont \u00e0 venir \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat turque.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1732],"tags":[],"staff":[1583],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[543],"class_list":["post-14152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guerre","staff-alessia-chiriatti","geo-mediterranee"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Erdo\u011fan contr\u00f4lera \u00e9galement l&#039;\u00e9tat-major militaire | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2018\/07\/22\/erdogan-controlera-egalement-letat-major-militaire\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Erdo\u011fan contr\u00f4lera \u00e9galement l&#039;\u00e9tat-major militaire | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La Turquie d\u2019Erdo\u011fan s\u2019approche du deuxi\u00e8me anniversaire du coup d&#039;\u00c9tat manqu\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite duquel les &quot;purges&quot; du pr\u00e9sident ont touch\u00e9 divers domaines de la vie du pays. A la suite d\u2019un nouveau d\u00e9cret, Erdo\u011fan contr\u00f4lera \u00e9galement l&#039;\u00e9tat-major de l&#039;arm\u00e9e. 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A la suite d\u2019un nouveau d\u00e9cret, Erdo\u011fan contr\u00f4lera \u00e9galement l'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e. 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