{"id":137982,"date":"2022-04-26T18:18:49","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T16:18:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=137982"},"modified":"2022-04-26T18:21:39","modified_gmt":"2022-04-26T16:21:39","slug":"le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/","title":{"rendered":"Le d\u00e9veloppement et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire \u00e0 l\u2019heure de la guerre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Le 2022 Financing for Sustainable Development Report est un rapport publi\u00e9 le 12 avril, \u00e9labor\u00e9 par les Nations unies en coop\u00e9ration avec la Banque mondiale, l\u2019OMC et le FMI&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-137982' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-137982' title='United Nations Inter-agency Task Force on Financing for Development, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/developmentfinance.un.org\/fsdr2022&quot;&gt;Financing for Sustainable Development Report 2022&lt;\/a&gt;, 12 avril 2022.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Le document publi\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019issue des premi\u00e8res r\u00e9unions souligne les dangers pos\u00e9s par l\u2019inflation, les perturbations dans les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement ainsi que les \u00ab&#160;graves dysfonctionnements de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire mondiale&#160;\u00bb dans les perspectives de d\u00e9veloppement international&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-137982' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-137982' title='United Nations Inter-agency Task Force on Financing for Development, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/financing\/sites\/www.un.org.development.desa.financing\/files\/2022-04\/2022%20ECOSOC%20FfD%20Forum%20outcome%20document.pdf&quot;&gt;Outcome Document of the 2022 ECOSOC Forum on Financing for Development&lt;\/a&gt;, 25 avril 2022.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-large  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/qtqib\/3\/ \" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dans le contexte de l&rsquo;invasion russe de l\u2019Ukraine, le FMI publiait le 20 avril dernier la mise \u00e0 jour de ses <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/20\/le-fmi-revoit-la-croissance-economique-mondiale-a-la-baisse-pour-2022\/\">pr\u00e9visions de croissance pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022, revues \u00e0 la baisse<\/a>. Pr\u00e9vues \u00e0 4,4&#160;%, les pr\u00e9visions de croissance mondiale publi\u00e9es la semaine derni\u00e8re indiquent un chiffre de 3,6&#160;%. Sans grande surprise compte tenu des sanctions internationales, la Russie est le pays dont la croissance devrait le plus souffrir en avril, avec une chute de 8.5&#160;% de son PIB.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-large  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/asxvl\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Depuis le d\u00e9but du conflit, la Russie a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9e par plusieurs diplomates et dirigeants de provoquer une crise alimentaire mondiale. Le Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019ONU, Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, parle d\u2019un \u00ab&#160;ouragan de famines&#160;\u00bb qui pourrait toucher un grand nombre de pays si la guerre se prolongeait, la Russie et l\u2019Ukraine faisant partie des<a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/03\/04\/la-guerre-en-ukraine-et-la-securite-alimentaire\/\"> principaux exportateurs mondiaux<\/a> de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-137982' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-137982' title='&amp;nbsp;Nations unies, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2022\/03\/1113882&quot;&gt;Ukraine&amp;#160;: \u2018We need peace now\u2019 declares Guterres, warning of global hunger meltdown&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, 14 mars 2022.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. La secr\u00e9taire am\u00e9ricaine au Tr\u00e9sor, Janet Yellen, a quant \u00e0 elle r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la hausse des prix des denr\u00e9es alimentaires pourrait plonger 10 millions de personnes suppl\u00e9mentaires dans la pauvret\u00e9 au niveau mondial&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-137982' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-137982' title='&amp;nbsp;Andrea Shalal et David Lawder, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/russias-war-ukraine-blame-worsening-global-food-insecurity-yellen-2022-04-19\/?utm_source=newsletter&amp;amp;utm_medium=email&amp;amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosfinishline&amp;amp;stream=top&quot;&gt;Russia&amp;rsquo;s war in Ukraine to blame for rising global food insecurity &amp;#8211; Yellen&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Reuters&lt;\/em&gt;, 20 avril 2022.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-large  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/2X5Kc\/1\/ \" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>En 2021, l&rsquo;Ukraine a assur\u00e9 12&#160;% de la production mondiale de bl\u00e9, 16&#160;% de celle de ma\u00efs, 18&#160;% de celle d&rsquo;orge et plus de 46&#160;% de celle de graines de tournesol et d&rsquo;huile. La Russie est quant \u00e0 elle le premier exportateur mondial de bl\u00e9. Selon le ministre ukrainien de l\u2019Agriculture, les r\u00e9coltes pourraient \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieures \u00ab&#160;de 25&#160;% \u00e0 50&#160;%&#160;\u00bb par rapport \u00e0 2021. La guerre a des cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 la fois sur les surfaces agricoles \u2013 les r\u00e9gions du Sud \u00e9tant inaccessibles \u2013 et sur la main-d&rsquo;\u0153uvre, beaucoup d&rsquo;agriculteurs ayant rejoint l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e ou la d\u00e9fense territoriale. En ce qui concerne les exportations, une grande partie des ports ukrainiens sont inutilisables du fait de leur occupation par l\u2019arm\u00e9e russe.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-large  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/ePiV9\/3\/ \" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Selon les dirigeants de la Banque mondiale, du FMI, du Programme alimentaire mondial et de l\u2019OMC&#160;: \u00ab&#160;la hausse des prix des denr\u00e9es alimentaires est exacerb\u00e9e par la mont\u00e9e spectaculaire des cours du gaz naturel, qui entre dans la composition des engrais azot\u00e9s. Conjugu\u00e9e \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction consid\u00e9rable de l\u2019approvisionnement mondial, la flamb\u00e9e des prix des engrais a des cons\u00e9quences importantes sur la production alimentaire dans la plupart des pays, y compris de grands producteurs et exportateurs, qui sont largement tributaires de l\u2019engrais import\u00e9&#160;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-137982' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-137982' title='\u00a0Banque mondiale, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.banquemondiale.org\/fr\/news\/statement\/2022\/04\/13\/joint-statement-the-heads-of-the-world-bank-group-imf-wfp-and-wto-call-for-urgent-coordinated-action-on-food-security&quot;&gt;D\u00e9claration commune&amp;#160;: Les dirigeants du Groupe de la Banque mondiale, du FMI, du PAM et de l\u2019OMC pr\u00e9conisent une action urgente et coordonn\u00e9e pour assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire&lt;\/a&gt;, 13 avril 2022.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Face \u00e0 ces pressions inflationnistes, la Banque mondiale a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de proposer un nouvel objectif de financement de 170 milliards de dollars sur 15 mois, dont 50 milliards \u00e0 d\u00e9ployer dans les trois prochains mois&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-6-137982' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-137982' title='\u00a0\u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.latribune.fr\/economie\/international\/la-banque-mondiale-reduit-de-0-9-point-ses-perspectives-de-croissance-et-veut-un-financement-de-170-milliards-de-dollars-914357.html&quot;&gt;La Banque mondiale r\u00e9duit de 0,9 point ses perspectives de croissance et veut un financement de 170 milliards de dollars&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;La Tribune&lt;\/em&gt;, 18 avril 2022.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-large  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/TVkqi\/1\/ \" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>La d\u00e9pendance envers les importations de denr\u00e9es alimentaires en provenance d\u2019Ukraine ou de Russie varie fortement selon les pays. Ainsi, l\u2019\u00c9gypte, pays de plus de 100 millions d\u2019habitants, est le premier importateur mondial de bl\u00e9 et importe 50&#160;% de celui en provenance de Russie. La Turquie est le deuxi\u00e8me acheteur en volume des exportations de bl\u00e9 russe, une situation de d\u00e9pendance ayant entra\u00een\u00e9 une aggravation de l&rsquo;inflation annuelle en Turquie, qui a atteint 61,1&#160;% au mois de mars&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-7-137982' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-137982' title='&amp;nbsp;Timour Ozturk, \u00ab&amp;#160;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/monde\/europe\/inflation-record-en-turquie-les-economistes-independants-menaces-de-prison-1402770?msclkid=531f21a6c55411ecb38e32b15e3a75e4&quot;&gt;En Turquie, les \u00e9conomistes ind\u00e9pendants menac\u00e9s de prison&lt;\/a&gt;&amp;#160;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Les Echos&lt;\/em&gt;, 25 avril 2022.'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-large  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/5s8Ay\/4\/ \" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-large  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/xOsKF\/5\/ \" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>En plus des cons\u00e9quences de la guerre en Ukraine, la hausse progressive des taux d\u00e9cid\u00e9e par la R\u00e9serve f\u00e9d\u00e9rale am\u00e9ricaine risque d\u2019avoir des cons\u00e9quences importantes en termes de co\u00fbt de financement pour les pays en d\u00e9veloppement, dont la situation budg\u00e9taire avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 aggrav\u00e9e par la crise du Covid.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Du 25 au 28 avril se tient un forum du Conseil \u00e9conomique et social de l\u2019ONU portant sur le financement du d\u00e9veloppement. Les discussions s\u2019appuient sur un rapport publi\u00e9 en amont soulignant la hausse des prix des denr\u00e9es alimentaires comme une menace pouvant aggraver la pauvret\u00e9 et les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s dans les pays les plus pauvres.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1971,"featured_media":138004,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1727],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[2163],"class_list":["post-137982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","geo-monde"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le d\u00e9veloppement et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire \u00e0 l\u2019heure de la guerre | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le d\u00e9veloppement et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire \u00e0 l\u2019heure de la guerre | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Du 25 au 28 avril se tient un forum du Conseil \u00e9conomique et social de l\u2019ONU portant sur le financement du d\u00e9veloppement. Les discussions s\u2019appuient sur un rapport publi\u00e9 en amont soulignant la hausse des prix des denr\u00e9es alimentaires comme une menace pouvant aggraver la pauvret\u00e9 et les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s dans les pays les plus pauvres.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-04-26T16:18:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-04-26T16:21:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/gc-developpement.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1919\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1109\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"antoinecrouzet\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/gc-developpement.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"antoinecrouzet\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/\",\"name\":\"Le d\u00e9veloppement et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire \u00e0 l\u2019heure de la guerre | Le Grand Continent\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/SIPA_Shutterstock40949274_000005-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-04-26T16:18:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-04-26T16:21:39+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ee462dd0600baa2d22814bab6037fcff\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/le-developpement-et-la-securite-alimentaire-a-lheure-de-la-guerre\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/SIPA_Shutterstock40949274_000005-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/SIPA_Shutterstock40949274_000005-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1709,\"caption\":\"Mandatory Credit: Photo by Fraser Gray\/Shutterstock (12878652e) A freezing April morning on the River Thames warmed by the colours of the rising sun. 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