{"id":130602,"date":"2022-02-07T16:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-07T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=130602"},"modified":"2022-02-07T19:58:37","modified_gmt":"2022-02-07T18:58:37","slug":"maastricht-30-ans-apres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/","title":{"rendered":"Maastricht&#160;: 30 ans apr\u00e8s"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Le 7 f\u00e9vrier 1992, les chefs d\u2019\u00c9tat et de gouvernement signaient le trait\u00e9 de Maastricht qui comportait trois piliers. Le premier concerne les communaut\u00e9s europ\u00e9ennes (CECA , CEE, Euratom). Le second se rapporte \u00e0 la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 commune tandis que le troisi\u00e8me se concentre sur la coop\u00e9ration polici\u00e8re et judiciaire en mati\u00e8re p\u00e9nale. Le trait\u00e9 a aussi mis en place une citoyennet\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne et un calendrier en vue de cr\u00e9er une monnaie unique, l\u2019euro, g\u00e9r\u00e9 par une Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne ind\u00e9pendante. Dans les n\u00e9gociations, le Danemark et le Royaume-Uni avaient obtenu des \u00ab&#160;opt-out&#160;\u00bb notamment sur leur int\u00e9gration \u00e0 la future Union \u00e9conomique et mon\u00e9taire.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Le trait\u00e9 sera ensuite ratifi\u00e9 par les douze pays europ\u00e9ens selon leurs r\u00e8gles constitutionnelles. Le processus de ratification sera \u00e9maill\u00e9 de nombreuses difficult\u00e9s. Les Danois rejettent une premi\u00e8re fois le trait\u00e9 par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum (50,6&#160;%) en juin 1992, avant de l\u2019approuver lors d\u2019un second r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum (56&#160;%) en mai 1993. La France ratifie le trait\u00e9 par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum de justesse (51&#160;%) en septembre 1992, apr\u00e8s une campagne r\u00e9f\u00e9rendaire intense. L\u2019Irlande accepte le trait\u00e9 par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum \u00e0 68,7&#160;%. En revanche, tous les autres pays ont ratifi\u00e9 le trait\u00e9 par la voie parlementaire, le Royaume-Uni ayant n\u00e9anmoins attendu le r\u00e9sultat du second r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum danois pour ratifier le texte. En Allemagne, la cour constitutionnelle de Karlsruhe rejette les recours juridiques contre le trait\u00e9 de Maastricht en octobre 1993, ce qui fait que le trait\u00e9 n\u2019entre en vigueur qu\u2019en novembre 1993.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-large  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/ix3ze\/4\/ \" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sur les acquis du trait\u00e9 de Maastricht, les citoyens europ\u00e9ens ont des visions contrast\u00e9es. Si en 1992 le soutien \u00e0 la monnaie unique variait entre les diff\u00e9rents pays europ\u00e9ens, aujourd\u2019hui, dans tous les pays membres de la zone euro les citoyens sont majoritairement favorables \u00e0 la monnaie unique. Les Allemands qui \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s sceptiques (36&#160;% en faveur d\u2019une monnaie unique) lors de la signature du trait\u00e9 de Maastricht sont aujourd\u2019hui tr\u00e8s favorables \u00e0 l\u2019euro (76&#160;%). De plus, l\u2019effet de la crise de la zone euro sur le soutien \u00e0 la monnaie unique s\u2019est dissip\u00e9 dans la majorit\u00e9 des pays. En France, plus aucun grand candidat \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle ne remet en cause la monnaie unique. En Italie, le soutien \u00e0 l\u2019euro a baiss\u00e9 entre 1992 (79&#160;%) et 2021 (60&#160;%), alors qu\u2019en Gr\u00e8ce et en Espagne, le taux de soutien est sensiblement le m\u00eame qu\u2019en 1992.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-large  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/hawn9\/1\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2020, le sentiment de citoyennet\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne \u00e9tait sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 50&#160;% dans tous les pays de l\u2019Union \u00e0 l&rsquo;exception de l\u2019Italie (49&#160;%). Les chiffres varient de 89&#160;% en Irlande \u00e0 52&#160;% en Bulgarie.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le 7 f\u00e9vrier 1992, les douze \u00c9tats membres de la Communaut\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne \u00e9conomique signaient le trait\u00e9 de Maastricht, qui donnera naissance \u00e0 l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. Trente ans apr\u00e8s, quelle est la perception des citoyens europ\u00e9ens sur ce trait\u00e9&#160;&#160;? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1971,"featured_media":130610,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[1917],"class_list":["post-130602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorised","geo-europe"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Maastricht : 30 ans apr\u00e8s | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Maastricht : 30 ans apr\u00e8s | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le 7 f\u00e9vrier 1992, les douze \u00c9tats membres de la Communaut\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne \u00e9conomique signaient le trait\u00e9 de Maastricht, qui donnera naissance \u00e0 l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. Trente ans apr\u00e8s, quelle est la perception des citoyens europ\u00e9ens sur ce trait\u00e9&#160;?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-02-07T15:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-07T18:58:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/SIPA_00216113_000002-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1962\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"antoinecrouzet\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"antoinecrouzet\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/\",\"name\":\"Maastricht : 30 ans apr\u00e8s | Le Grand Continent\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/SIPA_00216113_000002-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-02-07T15:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-07T18:58:37+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ee462dd0600baa2d22814bab6037fcff\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/SIPA_00216113_000002-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/SIPA_00216113_000002-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1962,\"caption\":\"Signature des accords de Maastricht : le ministre de l'Economie et des Finances francais Pierre Beregovoy et le chef de la diplomatie francaise Roland Dumas apposent leur signature aux accords de Maastricht. Maastricht, PAYS BAS - 07\/02\/1992.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Maastricht&#160;: 30 ans apr\u00e8s\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Le Grand Continent\",\"description\":\"L&#039;\u00e9chelle pertinente\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ee462dd0600baa2d22814bab6037fcff\",\"name\":\"antoinecrouzet\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/329b17fa4fbf90afa92f6cb149268531?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/329b17fa4fbf90afa92f6cb149268531?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"antoinecrouzet\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Maastricht : 30 ans apr\u00e8s | Le Grand Continent","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Maastricht : 30 ans apr\u00e8s | Le Grand Continent","og_description":"Le 7 f\u00e9vrier 1992, les douze \u00c9tats membres de la Communaut\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne \u00e9conomique signaient le trait\u00e9 de Maastricht, qui donnera naissance \u00e0 l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. Trente ans apr\u00e8s, quelle est la perception des citoyens europ\u00e9ens sur ce trait\u00e9&#160;?","og_url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/","og_site_name":"Le Grand Continent","article_published_time":"2022-02-07T15:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-02-07T18:58:37+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1962,"url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/SIPA_00216113_000002-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"antoinecrouzet","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"antoinecrouzet","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/","url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/","name":"Maastricht : 30 ans apr\u00e8s | Le Grand Continent","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/SIPA_00216113_000002-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2022-02-07T15:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-07T18:58:37+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ee462dd0600baa2d22814bab6037fcff"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/SIPA_00216113_000002-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/SIPA_00216113_000002-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1962,"caption":"Signature des accords de Maastricht : le ministre de l'Economie et des Finances francais Pierre Beregovoy et le chef de la diplomatie francaise Roland Dumas apposent leur signature aux accords de Maastricht. Maastricht, PAYS BAS - 07\/02\/1992."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/02\/07\/maastricht-30-ans-apres\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Maastricht&#160;: 30 ans apr\u00e8s"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/","name":"Le Grand Continent","description":"L&#039;\u00e9chelle pertinente","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ee462dd0600baa2d22814bab6037fcff","name":"antoinecrouzet","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/329b17fa4fbf90afa92f6cb149268531?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/329b17fa4fbf90afa92f6cb149268531?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"antoinecrouzet"}}]}},"term_position_data":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1971"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=130602"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130602\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/130610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=130602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=130602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=130602"},{"taxonomy":"staff","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/staff?post=130602"},{"taxonomy":"editorial_format","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial_format?post=130602"},{"taxonomy":"serie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/serie?post=130602"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=130602"},{"taxonomy":"geo","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geo?post=130602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}