{"id":126050,"date":"2021-11-26T09:03:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-26T08:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?p=126050"},"modified":"2021-11-28T10:30:37","modified_gmt":"2021-11-28T09:30:37","slug":"geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00e9opolitique des d\u00e9bris spatiaux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>La Russie a test\u00e9 un missile anti-satellite le 15 novembre. Ce test \u00e9tait une d\u00e9monstration de force par un tir visant \u00e0 d\u00e9truire l\u2019un de ses propres satellites, inactif depuis 1984. La course \u00e0 l\u2019armement spatial a d\u00e9but\u00e9 d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1970&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-126050' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-126050' title='France 24, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.france24.com\/fr\/%C3%A9co-tech\/20211116-tir-de-missile-antisatellite-la-russie-veut-prouver-qu-elle-n-est-pas-%C3%A0-la-traine-technologique&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer noopener&quot;&gt;Tir de missile antisatellite&amp;#160;: la Russie veut prouver qu\u2019elle n&amp;rsquo;est pas \u00e0 la tra\u00eene technologique&lt;\/a&gt;, S\u00e9bastian Seibt, 16 novembre 2021'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Les astronautes de la Station spatiale internationale &#8211; deux \u00e9tant de nationalit\u00e9 russe &#8211; se sont pr\u00e9par\u00e9s \u00e0 une \u00e9ventuelle \u00e9vacuation face \u00e0 ce tir et aux d\u00e9bris qu\u2019il a cr\u00e9\u00e9s et qui sont d\u00e9sormais en orbite autour de la Terre. Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont imm\u00e9diatement d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 ce tir, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 qualifi\u00e9 \u00ab&#160;d\u2019irresponsable&#160;\u00bb par les responsables de la NASA comme de l\u2019OTAN. Anthony Blinken a affirm\u00e9 que les \u00c9tats-Unis envisageaient une \u00ab&#160;r\u00e9ponse&#160;\u00bb face \u00e0 ce test.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>La Chine avait test\u00e9 en 2007 une arme cin\u00e9tique \u00e0 incidence directe, en engendrant un nuage de plus de 3 000 d\u00e9bris spatiaux. Selon Roscomos, la semaine derni\u00e8re, l&rsquo;ISS a \u00e9t\u00e9 contrainte de s&rsquo;\u00e9carter de la trajectoire des plus de 2500 d\u00e9bris encore en orbite provoqu\u00e9s par ce test. Cette politique spatiale est une ambition de longue date de la Chine&#160;: d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1950, Mao Zedong affirmait l\u2019importance pour la Chine d\u2019\u00eatre une puissance spatiale, ambition que Deng Xiaoping commence \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1980&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-126050' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-126050' title='Ifri, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ifri.org\/fr\/espace-media\/lifri-medias\/chine-conquete-de-lespace&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer noopener&quot;&gt;La Chine \u00e0 la conqu\u00eate de l&amp;rsquo;espace, 30 mai 2021&lt;\/a&gt;, Marc Julienne'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Plus r\u00e9cemment, l&rsquo;Inde a test\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s une arme antisatellite en mars 2019. Ce test, fait \u00e0 300 kilom\u00e8tres au-dessus de la surface terrestre, une altitude relativement basse, a \u00e9galement cr\u00e9\u00e9 des centaines de d\u00e9bris et avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 suscit\u00e9 des critiques compte tenu du danger qu\u2019il pouvait provoquer pour les autres satellites en orbite&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-3-126050' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-126050' title='Ouest France, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ouest-france.fr\/monde\/inde\/en-detruisant-son-satellite-avec-un-missile-l-inde-cree-des-centaines-de-debris-spatiaux-dangereux-6285874&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer noopener&quot;&gt;En d\u00e9truisant son satellite avec un missile, l\u2019Inde a cr\u00e9\u00e9 des centaines de d\u00e9bris spatiaux dangereux&lt;\/a&gt;, 29 mars 2021'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Selon des sources proches du dossier, les arm\u00e9es cherchent aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 se doter d&rsquo;armes moins destructrices et plus discr\u00e8tes qui utilisent des impulsions \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques, des lasers et des micro-ondes pour d\u00e9sactiver temporairement ou rendre aveugles les satellites vis\u00e9s. Des recherches sont \u00e9galement men\u00e9es sur les missiles hypersoniques, dont la Chine, comme les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Russie, cherchent \u00e0 se doter&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-4-126050' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-126050' title='Science.org, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/national-pride-stake-russia-china-united-states-race-build-hypersonic-weapons&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer noopener&quot;&gt;\u2018National pride is at stake.&amp;rsquo; Russia, China, United States race to build hypersonic weapons&lt;\/a&gt;, Richard Stone, 8 janvier 2020'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Les \u00c9tats-Unis, qui ont la supr\u00e9matie sur ce type d\u2019armement,<strong> <\/strong>avaient effectu\u00e9 un test similaire en 2008 en d\u00e9truisant l\u2019un de leurs satellites espions en perdition. Les essais russes sont d\u2019autant plus d\u00e9rangeant que l\u2019arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine est de plus en plus d\u00e9pendante des satellites&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-5-126050' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-126050' title='The Guardian, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2021\/nov\/15\/us-investigating-debris-event-space-reports-russia-anti-satellite-weapon-test&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer noopener&quot;&gt;US accuses Russia of \u2018dangerous\u2019 behavior after anti-satellite weapons test, Adam Gabbatt&lt;\/a&gt;, 15 novembre 2021'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Le premier missile anti-satellite a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par les \u00c9tats-Unis et test\u00e9 en 1959, mais l\u2019essai a \u00e9chou\u00e9.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-large  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Yl6pX\/1\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>D\u2019ici 2040 le march\u00e9 spatial devrait avoir tripl\u00e9, passant de 350 milliards de dollars \u00e0 1100 milliards. Pour l\u2019Union, <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/04\/23\/le-decollage-de-thomas-pesquet-dans-le-contexte-de-la-geopolitique-du-spatial\/?mc_cid=a2d1a1bc7a&amp;mc_eid=a7246a6503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019espace<\/a> est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 de la souverainet\u00e9 technologique qui accompagne la r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019autonomie strat\u00e9gique.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aujourd\u2019hui a lieu un Conseil comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 qui abordera la question de la recherche et de l\u2019espace, au c\u0153ur de l\u2019actualit\u00e9&#160;&#160;: les armes antisatellites et l&rsquo;intensification de la concurrence dans l&rsquo;espace. Cinq points synth\u00e9tiques et un graphique sur le contexte dans lequel se d\u00e9roule ce Conseil. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1782,"featured_media":126051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1731],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[2163],"class_list":["post-126050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politique","geo-monde"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>G\u00e9opolitique des d\u00e9bris spatiaux | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"G\u00e9opolitique des d\u00e9bris spatiaux | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aujourd\u2019hui a lieu un Conseil comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 qui abordera la question de la recherche et de l\u2019espace, au c\u0153ur de l\u2019actualit\u00e9&#160;: les armes antisatellites et l&#039;intensification de la concurrence dans l&#039;espace. 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DART is the world's first full-scale planetary defense test, demonstrating one method of asteroid deflection technology. The mission was built and is managed by Johns Hopkins APL for NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office. 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Cinq points synth\u00e9tiques et un graphique sur le contexte dans lequel se d\u00e9roule ce Conseil.","og_url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/","og_site_name":"Le Grand Continent","article_published_time":"2021-11-26T08:03:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-11-28T09:30:37+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1440,"url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/debrisspatiauxreseaux.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"clementf","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_image":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/debrisspatiauxreseaux.jpg","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"clementf","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/","url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/","name":"G\u00e9opolitique des d\u00e9bris spatiaux | Le Grand Continent","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/SIPA_SIPAUSA31583822_000005-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2021-11-26T08:03:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-28T09:30:37+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/b22879caf2a074c0786f019573977c84"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2021\/11\/26\/geopolitique-des-debris-spatiaux\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/SIPA_SIPAUSA31583822_000005-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/SIPA_SIPAUSA31583822_000005-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1707,"caption":"The SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launches with the Double Asteroid Redirection Test, or DART, spacecraft onboard, on Tuesday, November 23, 2021, Pacific time (November 24 Eastern time) from Space Launch Complex 4E at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. 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