{"id":12233,"date":"2019-02-03T22:00:38","date_gmt":"2019-02-03T21:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lldl.eu\/?p=12233"},"modified":"2019-04-05T10:51:45","modified_gmt":"2019-04-05T09:51:45","slug":"les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/","title":{"rendered":"Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines portent un coup fatal au p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Caracas<\/em>. Alors que le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain a annonc\u00e9 le 28 janvier dernier de nouvelles sanctions \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de Nicolas Maduro, le Venezuela, \u00e9conomie particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9pendante de la rente p\u00e9troli\u00e8re, perd le contr\u00f4le de ses abondantes ressources. Depuis l\u2019accession au pouvoir d\u2019Hugo Chavez en 1999, la production de p\u00e9trole du Venezuela est en effet pass\u00e9e de 3 millions de barils par jour \u00e0 environ 1,4 millions de barils par jour en mai 2018 (<strong>4<\/strong>). La succession de ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes \u00e9conomiques violents, comme la chute des prix du p\u00e9trole en 2014 et l\u2019hyperinflation, ainsi qu\u2019une gestion tr\u00e8s politique de la compagnie publique <em>Petroleos de Venezuela SA<\/em> (PDVSA) ont consid\u00e9rablement affaibli l\u2019industrie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne, qui affiche pourtant les r\u00e9serves les plus importantes au monde (<strong>6<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant l\u2019annonce des sanctions du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain fin janvier, pr\u00e8s de 400 000 barils transitaient encore quotidiennement du Venezuela vers les raffineries de la <em>Gulf Coast<\/em> des \u00c9tats-Unis, tandis que quelques 700 000 autres s\u2019acheminaient vers la Chine et la Russie, en partie en guise en remboursement de la dette contract\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00c9tat v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien (<strong>3<\/strong>). Mais depuis l\u2019annonce du gel des comptes de PDVSA, ou plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment des comptes de sa filiale aux \u00c9tats-Unis Citgo, le secteur p\u00e9trolier atteint un point de non-retour, et avec lui le gouvernement de Nicolas Maduro (<strong>1<\/strong>, <strong>5<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon plusieurs analystes, priver les march\u00e9s de p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien devrait soutenir les prix \u00e0 court terme. Cependant, la baisse r\u00e9guli\u00e8re de la production nationale et de l\u2019exportation de p\u00e9trole vers les raffineries am\u00e9ricaines ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es a r\u00e9duit l\u2019importance du Venezuela dans l\u2019\u00e9quilibre mondial de l\u2019offre et de la demande de p\u00e9trole brut. La nature m\u00eame de ce p\u00e9trole, plus lourd et plus soufr\u00e9 que d\u2019autres, comme celui saoudien, rend son raffinage plus co\u00fbteux et son attractivit\u00e9 moindre sur les march\u00e9s (<strong>2<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Perspectives&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Une d\u00e9stabilisation relative de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre offre-demande sur les march\u00e9s p\u00e9troliers.<\/li><li>L\u2019avenir de PDVSA repose en grande partie sur le maintien au pouvoir de Nicolas Maduro.<\/li><li>La reconstruction du secteur p\u00e9trolier v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien requerra une importante mobilisation de capitaux, pour renouveler l\u2019infrastructure d\u2019exploration-production en \u00e9tat avanc\u00e9 d\u2019obsolescence, et l\u2019attraction d\u2019une main d\u2019oeuvre hautement qualifi\u00e9e.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sources&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>FAGES C., <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/emission\/20190125-venezuela-secteur-petrolier-malade-pdvsa-maduro-quevedo-total\">Venezuela&#160;: un secteur p\u00e9trolier malade<\/a>, RFI, 25\/01\/2019.<\/li><li>NUSSBAUM A., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-01-29\/oil-holds-near-52-as-venezuela-sanctions-largely-shrugged-off\">Oil Surges as U.S. Signals Trade Thaw, Venezuela Buyers Scramble<\/a>, Bloomberg, 29\/01\/2019.<\/li><li>PONS C., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-venezuela-china\/exclusive-venezuela-faces-heavy-bill-as-grace-period-lapses-on-china-loans-sources-idUSKBN1HY2K0\">Exclusive&#160;: Venezuela faces heavy bill as grace period lapses on China loans &#8211; sources<\/a>, Reuters, 27\/04\/2018.<\/li><li>SAEFONG M., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.barrons.com\/articles\/what-u-s-sanctions-on-venezuela-mean-to-oil-prices-51548930601\">What U.S. Sanctions on Venezuela Mean to Oil Prices<\/a>, Barron\u2019s, 31\/01\/2019.<\/li><li>SPETALNICK M., Ellsworth B., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-venezuela-politics-usa-sanctions\/u-s-imposes-sanctions-on-venezuelan-state-oil-firm-pdvsa-idUSKCN1PM2DP\">US imposes sanctions on Venezuelian state oil firm PDVSA<\/a>, Reuters, 28\/01\/2019.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/beta\/international\/country.php?iso=VEN\">Venezuela&rsquo;s Key Energy Statistics<\/a>, US Energy Information Administration.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cl\u00e9mence P\u00e8legrin<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines inflig\u00e9es le 28 janvier au Venezuela ne sont qu\u2019une \u00e9ni\u00e8me atteinte port\u00e9e \u00e0 un secteur p\u00e9trolier d\u00e9j\u00e0 en grande difficult\u00e9. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1730],"tags":[],"staff":[1611],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[525],"class_list":["post-12233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energie-et-environnement","staff-clemence-pelegrin","geo-ameriques"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines portent un coup fatal au p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien | Le Grand Continent<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines portent un coup fatal au p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien | Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines inflig\u00e9es le 28 janvier au Venezuela ne sont qu\u2019une \u00e9ni\u00e8me atteinte port\u00e9e \u00e0 un secteur p\u00e9trolier d\u00e9j\u00e0 en grande difficult\u00e9.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Le Grand Continent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-02-03T21:00:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-04-05T09:51:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/\",\"name\":\"Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines portent un coup fatal au p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien | Le Grand Continent\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-02-03T21:00:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-04-05T09:51:45+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines portent un coup fatal au p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Le Grand Continent\",\"description\":\"L&#039;\u00e9chelle pertinente\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines portent un coup fatal au p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien | Le Grand Continent","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines portent un coup fatal au p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien | Le Grand Continent","og_description":"Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines inflig\u00e9es le 28 janvier au Venezuela ne sont qu\u2019une \u00e9ni\u00e8me atteinte port\u00e9e \u00e0 un secteur p\u00e9trolier d\u00e9j\u00e0 en grande difficult\u00e9.","og_url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/","og_site_name":"Le Grand Continent","article_published_time":"2019-02-03T21:00:38+00:00","article_modified_time":"2019-04-05T09:51:45+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/","url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/","name":"Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines portent un coup fatal au p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien | Le Grand Continent","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2019-02-03T21:00:38+00:00","dateModified":"2019-04-05T09:51:45+00:00","author":{"@id":""},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/les-sanctions-americaines-portent-un-coup-fatal-au-petrole-venezuelien\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines portent un coup fatal au p\u00e9trole v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/","name":"Le Grand Continent","description":"L&#039;\u00e9chelle pertinente","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":""}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12233"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12233\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12233"},{"taxonomy":"staff","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/staff?post=12233"},{"taxonomy":"editorial_format","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial_format?post=12233"},{"taxonomy":"serie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/serie?post=12233"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=12233"},{"taxonomy":"geo","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geo?post=12233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}