{"id":12205,"date":"2019-02-03T22:00:37","date_gmt":"2019-02-03T21:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lldl.eu\/?p=12205"},"modified":"2019-04-05T10:52:00","modified_gmt":"2019-04-05T09:52:00","slug":"iran-ue-le-spv-sur-le-point-de-voir-le-jour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2019\/02\/03\/iran-ue-le-spv-sur-le-point-de-voir-le-jour\/","title":{"rendered":"Iran-UE&#160;: le SPV sur le point de voir le jour&#160;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Paris<\/em>. Le 14 juillet 2015, l\u2019accord de Vienne (aussi appel\u00e9 JCPOA) scellait les discordes autour du nucl\u00e9aire iranien&#160;: celui-ci serait d\u00e9sormais encadr\u00e9 et les sanctions \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la R\u00e9publique islamique seraient lev\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cependant, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 ce qu\u2019il avait martel\u00e9 durant sa campagne pr\u00e9sidentielle, le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Donald Trump a annonc\u00e9, le 8 mai 2018, le retrait de son pays du JCPOA et la mise en place du \u201cniveau le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9\u201d de sanctions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de l\u2019Iran (<strong>4<\/strong>). Par ailleurs, des sanctions sont aussi pr\u00e9vues pour les \u00c9tats qui continueraient de commercer avec la R\u00e9publique islamique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En r\u00e9action \u00e0 ces menaces, l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne a entrepris la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un dispositif&#160;: le <em>Special Purpose Vehicule<\/em>, ou SPV. Ce dernier pr\u00e9voit l\u2019abandon des transactions en dollar et assure l\u2019anonymat des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s qui ach\u00e8teraient du p\u00e9trole ou des biens en provenance d\u2019Iran et seraient ainsi exempt\u00e9es de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines (<strong>1<\/strong>). Cr\u00e9\u00e9 en septembre 2018, le SPV \u00e9tait attendu pour la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00c9tat iranien. Toutefois, aucun pays europ\u00e9en ne souhaitaient accueillir les structures du dispositif. C\u2019est finalement la France, dans un contexte de tensions entre Emmanuel Macron et Donald Trump, qui s\u2019est port\u00e9e volontaire (<strong>2<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il faut n\u00e9anmoins nuancer la position fran\u00e7aise. En effet, parall\u00e8lement ses pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes d\u00e9clarations, Jean-Yves Le Drian a indiqu\u00e9 vouloir que l\u2019Iran \u201crenonce \u00e0 sa production de missiles et en particulier ses exportations en direction de certaines factions arm\u00e9es au Moyen-Orient [\u2026] Nous sommes pr\u00eats, s&rsquo;il n&rsquo;aboutit pas, \u00e0 avoir un usage ferme de sanctions et les Iraniens le savent\u201d (<strong>3<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Perspectives&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Reste \u00e0 savoir quand le <em>Special Purpose Vehicule<\/em> sera r\u00e9ellement effectif et quelle sera la r\u00e9action des \u00c9tats-Unis et du pr\u00e9sident Trum,.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sources&#160;:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>BATMANGHELIDJ Esfandyar, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2019-01-31\/with-its-iran-spv-europe-protects-itself-from-american-caprice\">Europe Protects Itself From Trump\u2019s Caprice<\/a>, Bloomberg, 31 janvier 2019.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.franceinter.fr\/info\/commemorations-de-la-grande-guerre-climat-orageux-entre-trump-et-macron\">Comm\u00e9moration de la Grande Guerre&#160;: Climat orageux entre Trump et Macron<\/a>, France Inter, 10 novembre 2018.<\/li><li>IRISH John, <a href=\"https:\/\/uk.reuters.com\/article\/us-iran-nuclear-eu-france\/france-says-it-expects-iran-eu-trade-mechanism-to-be-established-in-coming-days-idUKKCN1PH22Z\">France says it expects Iran-EU trade mechanism to be established in &lsquo;coming days&rsquo;, <\/a>Reuters, 23 janvier 2019.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/ameriques\/article\/2018\/05\/08\/donald-trump-annonce-le-retrait-des-etats-unis-de-l-accord-sur-le-nucleaire-iranien_5296297_3222.html\">Donald Trump annonce le retrait des Etats-Unis de l\u2019accord sur le nucl\u00e9aire iranien<\/a>, Le Monde, 08 juin 2018.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Maxime Onfray<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le 23 janvier, le num\u00e9ro un de la diplomatie fran\u00e7aise, Jean-Yves Le Drian, d\u00e9clarait devant la commission des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale que le SPV, dispositif sp\u00e9cial tr\u00e8s attendu qui pr\u00e9voit le maintien de transactions entre les compagnies europ\u00e9ennes et la R\u00e9publique islamique en \u00e9vitant d\u2019utiliser le dollar, serait tr\u00e8s bient\u00f4t en vigueur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1727,1731],"tags":[],"geo":[530],"class_list":["post-12205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","category-politique","staff-maxime-onfray","geo-asie-intermediaire"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Iran-UE : le SPV sur le point de voir le jour ? 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