{"id":15352,"date":"2023-03-31T15:42:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T14:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/?p=15352"},"modified":"2023-04-01T16:58:24","modified_gmt":"2023-04-01T15:58:24","slug":"el-comercio-chino-aleman-bajo-presion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/03\/31\/el-comercio-chino-aleman-bajo-presion\/","title":{"rendered":"El comercio chino-alem\u00e1n bajo presi\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>El comercio entre Alemania y China hab\u00eda alcanzado un r\u00e9cord el a\u00f1o pasado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Seg\u00fan los primeros resultados de la Oficina Federal de Estad\u00edstica, en 2022 se intercambiaron mercanc\u00edas entre Alemania y la Rep\u00fablica Popular China por valor de 298.200 millones de euros (exportaciones e importaciones). En total, Alemania tuvo un d\u00e9ficit comercial con China de unos 84.000 millones de euros.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Los fabricantes alemanes de autom\u00f3viles son especialmente activos en el mercado chino, donde Volkswagen obtiene casi la mitad de sus beneficios. Alemania representa el 46% de las IED europeas en China, por delante del Reino Unido (20%), los Pa\u00edses Bajos (13%) y Francia (10%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>China fue as\u00ed el principal socio comercial de Alemania en 2022 por s\u00e9ptimo a\u00f1o consecutivo. Le siguieron Estados Unidos, con un volumen comercial de 247 800 millones de euros, y los Pa\u00edses Bajos, con 233 600 millones de euros.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium \">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/13275167\/embed\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Sin embargo, el comercio se hab\u00eda ralentizado desde 2019 debido a la estricta pol\u00edtica anti-Covid de China, durante la cual cerraron f\u00e1bricas y puertos en la segunda econom\u00eda m\u00e1s grande del mundo. En los primeros meses de 2023 se observa una ralentizaci\u00f3n de las exportaciones a China, junto con un avance de Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Las exportaciones alemanas a China cayeron m\u00e1s de un 11% en comparaci\u00f3n con los dos primeros meses de 2022, hasta los 15.200 millones de euros en enero y febrero de 2023; al mismo tiempo, las exportaciones a Estados Unidos aumentaron un 27% en comparaci\u00f3n con los primeros meses de 2022.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>De forma m\u00e1s general, en el contexto de la guerra en Ucrania, el aumento del comercio con Estados Unidos se explica en parte por el crecimiento de las importaciones de GNL. Las importaciones de GNL aumentaron en 65.000 millones de euros con respecto a 2021; su participaci\u00f3n en el aumento de las importaciones estadounidenses es del 35%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/90t5r\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Alemania depende especialmente de China para la importaci\u00f3n de tierras raras, esenciales para la fabricaci\u00f3n de bater\u00edas, semiconductores e imanes para coches el\u00e9ctricos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En enero de este a\u00f1o, el Ministerio de Econom\u00eda alem\u00e1n dio a conocer su nueva estrategia para diversificar sus cadenas de suministro de minerales cr\u00edticos y aumentar la producci\u00f3n minera nacional&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-1-15352' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/03\/31\/el-comercio-chino-aleman-bajo-presion\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-15352' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.bmwk.de\/Redaktion\/DE\/Downloads\/E\/eckpunktepapier-nachhaltige-und-resiliente-rohstoffversorgung.html&quot;&gt;Eckpunktepapier : Wege zu einer nachhaltigen und resilienten Rohstoffversorgung&lt;\/a&gt;, Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz, 3 de enero de 2023.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El ministerio planea someter a las empresas alemanas que operan en China a requisitos estrictos (incluida la obligaci\u00f3n de compartir detalles de sus actividades y someterse a pruebas de resistencia peri\u00f3dicas) y excluir de las infraestructuras cr\u00edticas a los proveedores de Estados autoritarios&nbsp;<span class='whitespace-nowrap'><span id='easy-footnote-2-15352' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/03\/31\/el-comercio-chino-aleman-bajo-presion\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-15352' title='\u00ab&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/economy-jobs\/news\/german-strategy-paper-targets-china-trade-dependence\/&quot;&gt;German strategy paper targets China trade dependence&lt;\/a&gt;\u00bb, &lt;em&gt;Euractiv, &lt;\/em&gt;2 de diciembre de 2022.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Se espera que las medidas entren en vigor a lo largo de 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"iframe-container wp-block-image wp-block-image-medium  iframe-dw\">\n\t<div>\n\t\t<iframe class=\"absolute w-full h-full pin-t pin-l\" title=\"titolo\" aria-label=\"Interactive line chart\" src=\"\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/knxAp\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A escala europea, <a href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/es\/2023\/03\/30\/la-union-tiene-una-nueva-doctrina-china\/\">Ursula von der Leyen detall\u00f3 el 30 de marzo<\/a> el planteamiento respecto a China.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aunque China ha sido el mayor socio comercial de Alemania durante siete a\u00f1os consecutivos, las exportaciones a Pek\u00edn cayeron un 11% a principios de 2023 en comparaci\u00f3n con el invierno de 2022, ya que Berl\u00edn intenta limitar su dependencia de China.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1366,"featured_media":15356,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/post-briefings.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"staff":[],"editorial_format":[],"serie":[],"audience":[],"geo":[177],"class_list":["post-15352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economia","geo-europa"],"acf":{"open_in_webview":false,"accent":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - 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